* 用英语自身来理解和学习英语是最好的方式,《英读廊》是《满庭说英语》中的拓展阅读系列,这一系列的文章力求帮助大家在英语阅读能力上有所提升,并树立英语思维;
* 推荐的阅读的方法是:先原文,适当看解析阅读,还有疑惑再看双语对照。
* 解析中英语单词的音标使用Dictcom和IPA双音标标注,如果需要了解Dictcom音标,请参看我们的《dictionary.com所用的音标体系》一文。
* 本篇文章难度系数6.6,由《小仙英语伴读》人工智能难度分析系统提供评分。
【编者按】本文仅为学习英语,特别是医学有关的英语。具体相关医学方面的知识,请咨询医生为准。但我同意也建议有规律的生活比放纵的生活对身体会更好。
Do donated organs age according to the donor´s age or do they adapt to the age of the new body?
【译】捐赠器官的年龄是否与捐赠者的年龄相一致,还是与新身体的年龄相适应?
【短语】according to ... 根据,按照,取决于,据…所说;例句:But, these sites are not without risk, according to the report. 但是根据报告,这些网站并不是没有风险。
【单词】donated 原型:donate ['doh-neyt, doh-'neyt][dəʊ'neɪt] v. 捐赠;捐献
【单词】organs 原型:organ ['awr-guhn]['ɔːɡən] n. 器官
【单词】adapt [uh-'dapt][ə'dæpt] vi. 适应;适合
They age according to the age of the donor.
【译】它们的年龄取决于捐赠者的年龄。
【单词】donor ['doh-ner]['dəʊnə] n. 捐赠人;施主;供者
There's a lot of factors in what causes aging, but the upshot is that the organ will have experienced all of those withing the donor's body first - the cell damage due to alcohol, crap food, lack of exercise, age - and the donated part will continue to age from the time of donation.
【译】导致器官衰老的因素有很多,但要点是器官会先经历捐赠者身体里所经历的所有——酒精、垃圾食品、缺乏锻炼、年龄等造成的细胞损伤——捐献的部分会从捐献时起持续衰老。
【短语】due to 多数表示“由于;因为”。如:This accident was due to his careless driving.同时,due 与to 单配,还可以表示“付给某人”,如:Respect is due to older people.
【单词】factors 原型:factor ['fak-ter]['fæktə] n. 因素;因数;因子
【单词】aging ['ey-jing]['eɪdʒɪŋ] n. 老化(时效;迟滞)
【单词】upshot ['uhp-shot]['ʌpʃɒt] n. 结果;结局;要点
【单词】cell [sel][sel] n. 细胞
【单词】damage ['dam-ij]['dæmɪdʒ] n. 损害;损失;毁坏
【单词】alcohol ['al-kuh-hawl, -hol]['ælkəhɒl] n. 酒精;酒;乙醇
【单词】crap [krap][kræp] adj. 劣质的;蹩脚的
【单词】exercise ['ek-ser-sahyz]['eksəsaɪz] n. 运动;练习
【单词】donation [doh-'ney-shuhn][dəʊ'neɪʃn] n. 捐款;捐赠
However, other than normal cell aging caused by, well, age, the new body will determine how fast the new part ages.
【译】然而,除了正常的细胞老化所造成的,嗯,年龄,新的身体将决定新部分老化得有多快。
【单词】determine [dih-'tur-min][dɪ'tɜːmɪn] v. 决定;决心;确定;测定
So if well taken care of once implanted in the new host, it will basically age at the rate of the recipient.
【译】因此,一旦植入新的宿主,如果处理得当,它基本上会以接受者的速度老化。
【短语】take care of 照顾;注意;例句:If you take care of something, you begin to love it — which makes us very vulnerable. 如果你照顾某些事情,你已经开始爱上它了--这让我们非常的投入.
【单词】implanted 原型:implant [im-'plant]['ɪmplɑːnt] v. 深植;灌输;嵌入;移植
【单词】host [hohst][həʊst] n. 主人;寄主;宿主
【单词】basically ['bey-sik-lee]['beɪsɪkli] adv. 基本上;主要地
【单词】recipient [ri-'sip-ee-uhnt][rɪ'sɪpiənt] n. 接受者
So, for example: a thirty year-old alcoholic is killed by a freak accident.
【译】举个例子:一个30岁的醉酒者死于一场意外的事故。
【短语】for example 例如;例句:You can buy fruit here - oranges and bananas, for example. 你可以在这里买水果,例如买柑橘和香蕉。
【单词】alcoholic [al-kuh-'haw-lik][ˌælkə'hɒlɪk] n. 酗酒者
【单词】killed 原型:kill [kil][kɪl] v. 杀死;终止;消灭
【单词】freak [freek][friːk] adj. 奇异的;不正常的
【单词】accident ['ak-si-duhnt]['æksɪdənt] n. 事故;意外;偶然
How it happened doesn't matter, know only that it was batter up and the only salvagable part is the liver.
【译】事情是怎么发生的并不重要,只知道那是个烂摊子,唯一可以挽救的部分是肝脏。
【短语】do not matter 不碍事,不要紧;例句:It does not matter to me which side wins. 谁胜谁负对我来说都无关紧要。
【单词】happened 原型:happen ['hap-uhn]['hæpən] vi. 发生;碰巧;出现;偶遇
【单词】batter ['bat-er]['bætə] v. 猛击;打坏
【单词】liver ['liv-er]['lɪvə] n. 肝脏
Now, that liver had been soaked in alcohol, dude lived on fried bread, so it was aging fast: 1 year of age per year + 1/2 year of age to abuse, so from an aging standpoint, it was 30-years old + 15 years of abuse and damage = functionally 45 year old liver.
【译】现在,肝脏已经被酒精长期侵染,这个生活放纵的人生前每天吃炸面包,所以它的老化速度很快:每年1岁+滥用1/2岁,所以从老化的角度来看,它是30岁+滥用和损害15年=功能45岁的肝脏。
【单词】soaked 原型:soak [sohk][səʊk] vt. 使浸透;吸入;浸洗
【单词】dude [dood, dyood][duːd] n. 花花公子;纨绔子弟
【单词】fried 原型:fry [frahy][fraɪ] v. 油煎;油炸
【单词】bread [bred][bred] n. 面包
【单词】abuse [uh-'byoos][ə'bjuːs] n. 滥用;恶习
【单词】standpoint ['stand-point]['stændpɔɪnt] n. 立场;观点
【单词】functionally ['fuhngk-shuh-nl]['fʌŋkʃənəli] adv. 功能上;机能上
Now the new body it finds itself in is 25-years old, loves and cherishes that liver.
【译】现在,它(指移植后的肝脏)发现自己的新身体才25岁,并且热爱并珍视肝脏。
【单词】cherishes 原型:cherish ['cher-ish]['tʃerɪʃ] vt. 珍爱;抱有;抚育
It takes that liver and coddles it with clean water, veg, and a two kilometer walk every day with a dog that loves them and the world it lives in.
【译】它对肝脏是用干净的水、蔬菜来呵护它,每天和一只爱他们和它生活的世界的狗散步两公里。
【单词】coddles ['kod-l]['kɒdl] v. 娇养;溺爱
【单词】veg [vej][vedʒ] n. 蔬菜(=vegetable)
【单词】kilometer [ki-'lom-i-ter]['kɪləˌmiːtə] n. =kilometre 公里;千米(略作km)
Like, seriously, that dog is awesome and great for mental health.
【译】说真的,那条狗很棒,对精神健康也很好。
【单词】seriously ['seer-ee-uhs-lee]['sɪəriəsli] adv. 严肃地;认真地;严重地
【单词】awesome ['aw-suh m]['ɔːsəm] adj. 可怕的;表示敬畏的;了不起的;精彩的,绝妙的
【单词】mental ['men-tl]['mentl] adj. 思想的;心理的;精神的;脑力的
So the new liver continues to live one year of age per year, and no added stress and abuse, so it ages normally.
【译】所以新的肝脏每年能正常活一岁,而且没有额外的压力和虐待,所以它能按正常速率衰老。
【单词】stress [stres][stres] n. 压力
【单词】normally ['nawr-muh-lee]['nɔːməli] adv. 通常;正常地
The 25-year old body has a 45-year old liver, but it will continue to age normally and now that it's being treated better, might even last a little longer than expected.
【译】因此这个25岁的身体有着45岁的肝脏,但它会继续正常衰老,现在它的治疗效果更好,甚至可能比预期的时间能够使用更长一点。
【语法】longer than 形容词或副词比较级 + than,是“比...更...”的意思;例句:He is younger than me. 他比我(更)年轻。He runs faster than me. 他比我跑得(更)快。
【单词】treated 原型:treat [treet][triːt] v. 对待;治疗;处理