java+selenium——详解介绍Selenium常用API的使用--Java语言（完整版）

官方API文档：https://selenium.dev/selenium/docs/api/java/index.html

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_22003641/article/details/79137327?utm_source=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/woiangaoiowe/article/details/99285868

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/woiangaoiowe

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/df0128/category_3060581.html

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driver.findElementById("kw")

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引入包：import org.openqa.selenium.By;

driver.findElement(By.id())

driver.findElement(By.name())

driver.findElement(By.className())

driver.findElement(By.tagName())

driver.findElement(By.linkText())

driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText())

driver.findElement(By.xpath())

driver.findElement(By.cssSelector())

定位一组元素：

driver.findElements(By.id())

driver.findElements(By.name())

driver.findElements(By.className())

driver.findElements(By.tagName())

driver.findElements(By.linkText())

driver.findElements(By.partialLinkText())

driver.findElements(By.xpath())

driver.findElements(By.cssSelector())

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Eclipse中通过对象名.方法名即可调出所有Web Element的方法:参考网址：https://blog.csdn.net/woiangaoiowe/article/details/99285868

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("kw"));

clear()：void——如果元素是一个文本类型的元素，则我们可以通过该方法来清空文本内容。语法：element.clrea();

sendkeys():void——向元素中填入值

click()：void——这个方法模拟用户在UI页面上点击元素的动作

isDisplayed():Boolean——该方法用来判断页面上该元素当前是否显示

isEnabled():boolean——用来判断界面元素是否是可用的，返回值为boolean值。返回boolean值，则可以考虑结合判断语句一起使用

isSelected():boolean——通过该方法来判断界面上的某个元素是否是选中状态

submit():boolean——通过该方法用来提交form表单。html中我们学习到form表单是通过submit方法来提交的，所以针对form元素，selenium也同样提供了我们submit这种提交数据的方法。

gettext():String——获取元素的文本内容。什么是文本内容？就是html尖括号对中间所写的文字

getTagName():String——tagname即html标签的标签类型，比如a、input、table等。

getCssValue():String——获取元素的css样式的值，入参string类型为元素内某个样式名称，比如背景色、长、宽等

getAttribute():String——获取元素内属性的值，入参内容为元素的某个属性名称

getLocation():Point——获取元素在页面上的坐标位置

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键盘按键操作：

引入包：import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;

driver.findElement(By.id("ks")).sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL,"a"); ctrl +A 全选

driver.findElement(By.id("ks")).sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL,"X"); ctrl +X 剪切

driver.findElement(By.id("ks")).sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL,"C"); ctrl +C 复制

driver.findElement(By.id("ks")).sendKeys(Keys.CONTROL,"V"); ctrl +V 粘贴

driver.findElement(By.id("ks")).sendKeys(Keys.ENTER);  回车

driver.findElement(By.id("ks")).sendKeys(Keys.BACK_SPACE);  删除

driver.findElement(By.id("ks")).sendKeys(Keys.SPACE);  空格

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import org.openqa.selenium.Dimension;
import org.openqa.selenium.Point;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

public class xinkaishi
{

public static void main(String[] args)
{
System.setProperty("webdriver.firefox.bin","C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe"); //设置火狐的安装路径，防止系统找不到
FirefoxDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); //初始化FireFox浏览器实例，并打开浏览器
try
{
driver.manage().window().maximize(); //最大化窗口
Thread.sleep(5000);

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设置浏览器在屏幕的位置:
引入包：import org.openqa.selenium.Point;
Point point = new Point(150,150); //声明一个Point对象，两个150表示浏览器左上角的位置与屏幕左上角(0,0)的横坐标距离和纵坐标距离。
driver.manage().window().setPosition(point); //设置浏览器在屏幕的位置
System.out.println(driver.manage().window().getPosition()); //获取浏览器在屏幕的位置

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设置浏览器的长度和宽度:

引入包：import org.openqa.selenium.Dimension;

Dimension dimension = new Dimension(500,500); //声明一个Dimension，表示浏览器的长度和宽度
driver.manage().window().setSize(dimension); //设置浏览器的长度和宽度，长度为x方向，宽度为y方向
System.out.println(driver.manage().window().getSize()); //获取浏览器窗口的大小

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driver.get("http://www.baidu.com"); //访问一个网页方法一
driver.navigate().to("http://www.hao123.com"); //访问一个网页方法二
driver.navigate().back(); //返回第一次访问的网页，即后退功能

driver.navigate().forward(); //前进功能

driver.navigate().refresh(); //刷新当前页面

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driver.getTitle() //打印当前打开网页的标题

driver.getCurrentUrl() //打印当前打开网页的网址

driver.getPageSource() //打印当前页面源代码

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文本框清空和输入、以及单击按钮操作：

driver.findElementById("kw").clear(); //文本框里清空

driver.findElementById("kw").sendKeys("china"); //文本框里输入

driver.findElementById("su").click(); //点击确定(搜索)按钮

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杀掉一个浏览器进程：

引入包：import org.openqa.selenium.os.WindowsUtils;

WindowsUtils.killByName("firefox.exe"); //引入包import org.openqa.selenium.os.WindowsUtils;

WindowsUtils.killByName("iexplore.exe"); //引入包import org.openqa.selenium.os.WindowsUtils;

WindowsUtils.killByName("chrome.exe"); //引入包import org.openqa.selenium.os.WindowsUtils;

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driver.getWindowHandle(); //先将当前浏览器窗口句柄存储到变量中

driver.getWindowHandles(); //获取浏览器窗口的所有句柄

driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle) //切换浏览器窗口

Set allWindowsHandles = driver.getWindowHandles(); //把打开的所有浏览器句柄，存放到一个set容器中

if ( !allWindowsHandles.isEmpty() )
{
for ( String windowHandle : allWindowsHandles )
{
System.out.println(driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle).getTitle());
Thread.sleep(10000);
}
}

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操作JavaScript的3个弹框对比总结：

引入包：import org.openqa.selenium.Alert;

js的alert弹框：

Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); //获取并创建alert对象

alert.getText(); //获取弹出框中的文字

alert.accept(); //点击弹出框上面的确定按钮

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js的confirm弹框：

Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); //获取并创建alert对象

alert.getText(); //获取弹出框中的文字

alert.accept(); //点击弹出框上面的确定按钮

alert.dismiss(); //点击弹出框上面的取消按钮

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js的prompt弹框：

Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); //获取并创建alert对象

alert.getText(); //获取弹出框中的文字

alert.sendKeys("…………"); //输入内容

alert.accept(); //点击弹出框上面的确定按钮

alert.dismiss(); //点击弹出框上面的取消按钮

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frame切换：

driver.switchTo().frame(""); //也可以通过索引来切换比如：driver.switchTo().frame(1);

driver.switchTo().defaultContent(); //返回主页面

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执行js脚本：

引入包：import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;

JavascriptExecutor js = ( JavascriptExecutor ) driver; //声明一个js执行器
String title = (String) js.executeScript("return document.title"); //调用执行器的executeScript方法执行js脚本

System.out.println(title); //打印的是当前浏览器的title值

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操作浏览器的cookie：

driver.manage().getCookies(); //获取当前页面下所有cookies

driver.manage().deleteAllCookies(); //删除所有cookies
driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed("cookie的某个key值"); //删除某个指定的cookie

driver.manage().getCookieNamed("username").getValue(); // 以name获取cookie

driver.manage().getCookies().size(); // 获取所有cookie个数

// 增加cookie
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("username", "name", "/", null);
driver.manage().addCookie(cookie);
driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("password", "ppppwwww", "/", null));

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格式化时间：

引入包：import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

DateFormat dateformat1= new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"); //创建一个data format对象
Date date1 = new Date(); //利用Date()获取当前时间
String datex = dateformat1.format(date1); //格式化时间,并用String对象存储
System.out.println(datex); //打印格式化时间到控制台：2020-02-11

DateFormat dateformat2= new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss"); //创建一个data format对象
Date date2 = new Date(); //利用Date()获取当前时间
String datey = dateformat2.format(date2); //格式化时间,并用String对象存储
System.out.println(datey); //打印格式化时间到控制台：2020-02-11-16-35-11
DateFormat dateformat3= new SimpleDateFormat("HH-mm-ss"); //创建一个data format对象
Date date3 = new Date(); //利用Date()获取当前时间
String dateu = dateformat3.format(date3); //格式化时间,并用String对象存储
System.out.println(dateu); //打印格式化时间到控制台：16-35-11

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截图保存到指定文件夹：

引入包：import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.io.File;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

DateFormat dateformat1= new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"); //创建一个data format对象
Date date1 = new Date(); //利用Date()获取当前时间
String datex = dateformat1.format(date1); //格式化时间,并用String对象存储
System.out.println(datex); //打印格式化时间到控制台：2020-02-11

DateFormat dateformat2= new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss"); //创建一个data format对象
Date date2 = new Date(); //利用Date()获取当前时间
String datey = dateformat2.format(date2); //格式化时间,并用String对象存储
System.out.println(datey); //打印格式化时间到控制台：2020-02-11-20-44-54
DateFormat dateformat3= new SimpleDateFormat("HH-mm-ss"); //创建一个data format对象
Date date3 = new Date(); //利用Date()获取当前时间
String dateu = dateformat3.format(date3); //格式化时间,并用String对象存储
System.out.println(dateu); //打印格式化时间到控制台：20-44-54
File src02= ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); // 调用截图方法
FileUtils.copyFile(src02, new File("C:\\Users\\del\\Desktop\\"+datex, dateu + ".png"));

//新建的文件夹名：2020-02-11 文件名称：20-44-54.png

File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File("C:\\Users\\del\\Desktop\\新建文件夹 (2)\\xxx.png"));

//保存到已经存在文件夹下面，并且取个名字

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模拟键盘操作：

引入包：import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;

driver.findElementById("kw").sendKeys("seleniumm");
Actions action = new Actions(driver);

action.sendKeys(driver.findElementById("kw"),Keys.BACK_SPACE).perform(); //删除多于的l字母
action.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys("a").keyUp(Keys.CONTROL).perform(); //ctrl+a
action.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys("c").keyUp(Keys.CONTROL).perform(); //ctrl+c

action.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys("v").keyUp(Keys.CONTROL).perform(); //ctrl+v

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driver.findElementById("kw").sendKeys(Keys.chord(Keys.CONTROL, "a")); //ctrl+a
driver.findElementById("kw").sendKeys(Keys.chord(Keys.CONTROL, "c")); //ctrl+c

driver.findElementById("kw").sendKeys(Keys.chord(Keys.CONTROL, "v")); //ctrl+v

driver.findElementById("su").sendKeys(Keys.ENTER);

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模拟键盘操作：

引入包;import java.awt.datatransfer.StringSelection;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.Robot;
import java.awt.Toolkit;

String a = "中国"; //将a这个字符串放入到剪切板中
StringSelection stringSelection = new StringSelection(a);

Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getSystemClipboard().setContents(stringSelection,null);

driver.findElementById("kw").sendKeys("中国");

Robot robot = new Robot();

robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_CONTROL); //按下ctrl键
robot.keyPress(KeyEvent.VK_V); //按下V键
robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_V); //释放v键
robot.keyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_CONTROL); //释放ctrl键

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模拟鼠标右击：

引入包：import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;

Actions action = new Actions(driver);

action.contextClick(driver.findElementByLinkText("地图")).perform(); //鼠标在某个元素上右击

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模拟鼠标悬浮：

引入包：import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;

ctions action = new Actions(driver);
action.moveToElement(driver.findElementByLinkText("设置")).perform(); //鼠标悬浮在 设置 元素上面
driver.findElementByClassName("setpref").click(); // 打开搜索设置

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操作单选按钮：

引入包：import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import java.util.List;

WebElement radioOption = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@value='berry']")); //查找某个指定的按钮

if ( radioOption.isSelected() ==false )
radioOption.click();

List dx = driver.findElements(By.name("SL")); //将name属性为SL的所有单选按钮对象，存储到一个list容器中
for ( WebElement d : dx ) //使用for循环遍历list容器中的每一个单选按钮，查找value=2的单选按钮
{ //如果查询到此按钮没有被选中，则单击选择
if ( d.getAttribute("value").equals("2"))
{
if ( !d.isSelected())
d.click();
}
}

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操作复选框：

引入包：import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import java.util.List;

WebElement orangeCheckbox = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@value='orange']")); //查找value属性为orange的复选框元素

if ( orangeCheckbox.isSelected() == false ) //如果未被选择，则选中

orangeCheckbox.click();

if ( orangeCheckbox.isSelected() == true ) //如果选中了，则取消选中

orangeCheckbox.click();

List checkboxs = driver.findElements(By.name("fruit")); //把所有的复选框放进list容器中，进行遍历，全部处于选中状态

for( webElement checkbox : checkboxs )

checkbox.click();

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操作单选下拉框：

引入包：import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;

Select dropList = new Select(driver.findElement(By.Name("NR")));

System.out.println(dropList.getFirstSelectedOption().getText()); //查看刚开始默认选择的选项
Boolean a = dropList.isMultiple(); //是否允许多选，允许多选返回true，否则 不允许返回false
System.out.println(a); // 此处不允许多选，返回false

//selectByIndex()方法，通过索引进行选中，3个选项，索引从0开始，即 0，1，2
dropList.selectByIndex(1); //3个选项，索引从0开始，即 0，1，2
System.out.println(dropList.getFirstSelectedOption().getText());

//selectByVisibleText()方法，通过选项的文字进行选中
dropList.selectByVisibleText("每页显示20条");
System.out.println(dropList.getFirstSelectedOption().getText());

//selectByValue()方法，使用下来列表的属性的value属性值进行选中操作
dropList.selectByValue("20");
System.out.println(dropList.getFirstSelectedOption().getText());

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操作单选下拉框，检查单选列表的选项文字知否符合期望：

引入包：import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;
import java.util.List;

Select dropList = new Select(driver.findElement(By.Name("fruit")));

List expect_options = Arrays.asList((new String[]{"桃子","西瓜","香蕉"}));

List actual_option = new ArrayList();

for ( WebElement option : dropList.getOptions() ) //dropList.getOptions()用于获取页面上下拉列表中的所有选项对象

actual_option.add( option.getText());

Assert.assertEquals( expect_options.toArray(),actual_option.toArray()); //断言两个数组对象是否完全一致

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操作多选下拉框：

引入包：import java.util.List;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;

Select dropList = new Select(driver.findElementByName("NR"));

System.out.println(dropList.getFirstSelectedOption().getText()); //查看刚开始默认选择的选项
Boolean a = dropList.isMultiple(); //是否允许多选，允许多选返回true，否则 不允许返回false
System.out.println(a); // 此处允许多选，返回true

List options = dropList.getOptions();
for (WebElement option : options )
{
System.out.println(option.getText()); //打印出所有选项
}

//通过3种不同方法，选择3个状态
dropList.selectByIndex(0); //selectByIndex()方法，通过索引进行选中，3个选项，索引从0开始，即 0，1，2
dropList.selectByVisibleText("每页显示50条"); //selectByVisibleText()方法，通过选项的文字进行选中
dropList.selectByValue("20"); //selectByValue()方法，使用下来列表的属性的value属性值进行选中操作

dropList.deselectAll(); //取消所有选项的选中状态
//再次通过3种不同方法，选择3个状态
dropList.selectByIndex(0); //selectByIndex()方法，通过索引进行选中，3个选项，索引从0开始，即 0，1，2
dropList.selectByVisibleText("每页显示50条"); //selectByVisibleText()方法，通过选项的文字进行选中
dropList.selectByValue("20"); //selectByValue()方法，使用下来列表的属性的value属性值进行选中操作
dropList.deselectByIndex(0); //通过索引取消选中状态
dropList.deselectByVisibleText("每页显示50条"); //通过选项文字取消选中状态
dropList.deselectByValue("20"); //通过value值取消选中状态

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}catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}finally
{
driver.quit(); //完全退出浏览器

//driver.close(); //相当于关闭当前tab窗口
}
}
}