『APP稳定性测试干货』| 基于Monkey的移动端/APP稳定性测试过程和方法

1 什么是Monkey？

• Monkey是一个Android平台自动化测试的一个工具，主要用来测试稳定性的；
• Monkey可以模拟用户的一系列操作，比如触摸屏幕、滑动、按键等，对这些操作进行压力测试，检测程序多久会出现异常；
• Monkey是Android系统自带的，使用java编写的；
• Monkey的存放路径为：

/system/framework/monkey.jar

2 Monkey的启动

• monkey.jar启动使用shell脚本，而shell脚本存放的路径在：

 /system/bin/monkey

• 启动有两种方式：

# 方式1(直接在PC上的命令行执行)：
adb shell monkey {参数}

# 方式2（进入设备执行）：
进入到设备：adb shell 
monkey {参数}

• 比如可以查看monkey的参数：

adb shell monkey -help

C:\Users\Administrator>adb shell monkey -help
usage: monkey [-p ALLOWED_PACKAGE [-p ALLOWED_PACKAGE] ...]
              [-c MAIN_CATEGORY [-c MAIN_CATEGORY] ...]
              [--ignore-crashes] [--ignore-timeouts]
              [--ignore-security-exceptions]
              [--monitor-native-crashes] [--ignore-native-crashes]
              [--kill-process-after-error] [--hprof]
              [--pct-touch PERCENT] [--pct-motion PERCENT]
              [--pct-trackball PERCENT] [--pct-syskeys PERCENT]
              [--pct-nav PERCENT] [--pct-majornav PERCENT]
              [--pct-appswitch PERCENT] [--pct-flip PERCENT]
              [--pct-anyevent PERCENT] [--pct-pinchzoom PERCENT]
              [--pct-permission PERCENT]
              [--pkg-blacklist-file PACKAGE_BLACKLIST_FILE]
              [--pkg-whitelist-file PACKAGE_WHITELIST_FILE]
              [--wait-dbg] [--dbg-no-events]
              [--setup scriptfile] [-f scriptfile [-f scriptfile] ...]
              [--port port]
              [-s SEED] [-v [-v] ...]
              [--throttle MILLISEC] [--randomize-throttle]
              [--profile-wait MILLISEC]
              [--device-sleep-time MILLISEC]
              [--randomize-script]
              [--script-log]
              [--bugreport]
              [--periodic-bugreport]
              [--permission-target-system]
              COUNT

3 Monkey的工作原理是什么？

• 其工作原理是：利用socket通讯的方式来模拟用户操作，比如按键输入、触摸屏输入、手势输入等；
• 再细化说（来源于网络总结）：

1、runMonkeyCyles()获取事件，一个事件结束之后，通过调用getNextEvent()方法获取下一个事件；
2、从事件队列里面获取事件，需要组建事件队列MonkeyEventQueue，队列由MonkeyEvent构成；
3、MonkeyEvent通过command设计模式将具体的事件（如：MonkeyActivityEvent、MonkeyKeyEvent、MonkeyMotionEvent）通过injectEvent()方法逐一注入到系统。

4 Monkey的使用方法

4.1 测试指定app

4.1.1 参数说明

• 使用-p参数即可；
• 该参数主要是让monkey允许系统启动指定的app；
• 比如指定一个包，我们下载了一个支持安卓6.0的qq，安卓6.0QQ：

4.1.2 错误排查

• 使用命令安装后，如果提示以下信息：

Failure [INSTALL_FAILED_NO_MATCHING_ABIS]

• 这是因为该APP和模拟器的CPU架构不一样，我这里修改了下模拟器的CPU架构为ARM的，之前创建的是X86架构的；
• 换了新的架构后进入了系统，并且重新安装apk：

adb install QQv5.apk /data/local/tmp

F:\monkey_test>adb install ls /data/local/tmp
Performing Push Install
adb.exe: need APK file on command line

F:\monkey_test>adb install QQv5.apk /data/local/tmp
Performing Push Install
QQv5.apk: 1 file pushed, 0 skipped. 11.8 MB/s (22506899 bytes in 1.817s)
        pkg: /data/local/tmp/QQv5.apk
        ver: /data/local/tmp
Success

• 终于安装成功了，如下：
  

4.1.3 启动指定apk

• 使用以下命令查看下安装的路径以及包的名字为com.tencent.mobileqqi：

adb shell ls /data/data

com.android.smoketest
com.android.smoketest.tests
com.android.soundrecorder
com.android.statementservice
com.android.systemui
com.android.dialogs
com.android.wallpaper.livepicker
com.android.webview
com.android.widgetpreview
com.example.android.apis
com.example.android.livecubes
com.example.android.softkeyboard
com.svox.pico
com.tencent.mobileqqi
jp.co.omronsoft.openwnn

• 使用monkey启动com.tencent.mobileqqi并做2个计数：

adb shell monkey -p com.tencent.mobileqqi 2

• 如果想使用mokey随机启动某个apk并发送N个随机事件，使用：

adb shell monkey -p 包名 N

4.2 显示日志级别

4.2.1 参数说明

• 使用-v参数，可反馈日志级别；
• 日志级别有三个：

级别	参数	说明
Level0	-v	启动、测试完成、最终结果信息
Level1	-v -v	详细日志，每个Activity事件信息
Level2	-v -v -v	最详细日志

4.2.2 日志显示

• Level0日志信息：

F:\monkey_test>adb shell monkey -p com.tencent.mobileqqi -v 2
:Monkey: seed=1701146443923 count=2
:AllowPackage: com.tencent.mobileqqi
:IncludeCategory: android.intent.category.LAUNCHER
:IncludeCategory: android.intent.category.MONKEY
// Event percentages:
//   0: 15.0%
//   1: 10.0%
//   2: 2.0%
//   3: 15.0%
//   4: -0.0%
//   5: -0.0%
//   6: 25.0%
//   7: 15.0%
//   8: 2.0%
//   9: 2.0%
//   10: 1.0%
//   11: 13.0%
:Switch: #Intent;action=android.intent.action.MAIN;category=android.intent.category.LAUNCHER;launchFlags=0x10200000;component=com.tencent.mobileqqi/com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.SplashActivity;end
    // Allowing start of Intent { act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] cmp=com.tencent.mobileqqi/com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.SplashActivity } in package com.tencent.mobileqqi
:Sending Touch (ACTION_DOWN): 0:(191.0,846.0)

• Level1日志信息：

F:\monkey_test>adb shell monkey -p com.tencent.mobileqqi -v -v 2
:Monkey: seed=1701146536977 count=2
:AllowPackage: com.tencent.mobileqqi
:IncludeCategory: android.intent.category.LAUNCHER
:IncludeCategory: android.intent.category.MONKEY
// Selecting main activities from category android.intent.category.LAUNCHER
//   + Using main activity com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.SplashActivity (from package com.tencent.mobileqqi)
// Selecting main activities from category android.intent.category.MONKEY
// Seeded: 1701146536977
// Event percentages:
//   0: 15.0%
//   1: 10.0%
//   2: 2.0%
//   3: 15.0%
//   4: -0.0%
//   5: -0.0%
//   6: 25.0%
//   7: 15.0%
//   8: 2.0%
//   9: 2.0%
//   10: 1.0%
//   11: 13.0%
:Switch: #Intent;action=android.intent.action.MAIN;category=android.intent.category.LAUNCHER;launchFlags=0x10200000;component=com.tencent.mobileqqi/com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.SplashActivity;end
    // Allowing start of Intent { act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] cmp=com.tencent.mobileqqi/com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.SplashActivity } in package com.tencent.mobileqqi
Sleeping for 0 milliseconds
:Sending Key (ACTION_DOWN): 23    // KEYCODE_DPAD_CENTER
    // Allowing start of Intent { cmp=com.tencent.mobileqqi/com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.LoginActivity } in package com.tencent.mobileqqi
    // activityResuming(com.tencent.mobileqqi)
Events injected: 2
:Sending rotation degree=0, persist=false
:Dropped: keys=0 pointers=0 trackballs=0 flips=0 rotations=0
## Network stats: elapsed time=1915ms (0ms mobile, 0ms wifi, 1915ms not connected)
// Monkey finished

• Level2日志信息：

F:\monkey_test>adb shell monkey -p com.tencent.mobileqqi -v -v -v 2
:Monkey: seed=1701146594293 count=2
:AllowPackage: com.tencent.mobileqqi
:IncludeCategory: android.intent.category.LAUNCHER
:IncludeCategory: android.intent.category.MONKEY
// Selecting main activities from category android.intent.category.LAUNCHER
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.contacts.activities.PeopleActivity (from package com.android.contacts)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.dialer.DialtactsActivity (from package com.android.dialer)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.settings.Settings (from package com.android.settings)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.browser.BrowserActivity (from package com.android.browser)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.calendar.AllInOneActivity (from package com.android.calendar)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.deskclock.DeskClock (from package com.android.deskclock)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.email.activity.Welcome (from package com.android.email)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.camera.GalleryPicker (from package com.android.gallery)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.camera.Camera (from package com.android.camera)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.music.MusicBrowserActivity (from package com.android.music)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.messaging.ui.conversationlist.ConversationListActivity (from package com.android.messaging)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.example.android.apis.ApiDemos (from package com.example.android.apis)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.gesture.builder.GestureBuilderActivity (from package com.android.gesture.builder)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.widgetpreview.WidgetPreviewActivity (from package com.android.widgetpreview)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.backuptester.MainActivity (from package com.android.backuptester)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.calculator2.Calculator (from package com.android.calculator2)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.customlocale2.CustomLocaleActivity (from package com.android.customlocale2)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.development.Development (from package com.android.development)
//   - NOT USING main activity android.app.AliasActivity (from package com.android.development_settings)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.providers.downloads.ui.DownloadList (from package com.android.providers.downloads.ui)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.quicksearchbox.SearchActivity (from package com.android.quicksearchbox)
//   + Using main activity com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.SplashActivity (from package com.tencent.mobileqqi)
// Selecting main activities from category android.intent.category.MONKEY
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.launcher3.Launcher (from package com.android.launcher3)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.settings.Settings$RunningServicesActivity (from package com.android.settings)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.settings.Settings$StorageUseActivity (from package com.android.settings)
// Seeded: 1701146594293
// Event percentages:
//   0: 15.0%
//   1: 10.0%
//   2: 2.0%
//   3: 15.0%
//   4: -0.0%
//   5: -0.0%
//   6: 25.0%
//   7: 15.0%
//   8: 2.0%
//   9: 2.0%
//   10: 1.0%
//   11: 13.0%
:Switch: #Intent;action=android.intent.action.MAIN;category=android.intent.category.LAUNCHER;launchFlags=0x10200000;component=com.tencent.mobileqqi/com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.SplashActivity;end
    // Allowing start of Intent { act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] cmp=com.tencent.mobileqqi/com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.SplashActivity } in package com.tencent.mobileqqi
Sleeping for 0 milliseconds
:Sending Trackball (ACTION_MOVE): 0:(0.0,-1.0)
    // Allowing start of Intent { cmp=com.tencent.mobileqqi/com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.LoginActivity } in package com.tencent.mobileqqi
    // activityResuming(com.tencent.mobileqqi)
Events injected: 2
:Sending rotation degree=0, persist=false
:Dropped: keys=0 pointers=0 trackballs=0 flips=0 rotations=0
## Network stats: elapsed time=5630ms (0ms mobile, 0ms wifi, 5630ms not connected)
// Monkey finished

• 启动后的界面显示：
  

4.2.3 保存日志

• 使用重定向的方法可以将日志保存到指定的目录，比如当前目录下：

adb shell monkey -p com.tencent.mobileqqi -v -v -v 2 > ./monkey_qq.log

4.2.4 错误排查

• 关于ANR问题：日志中搜索ANR即可；
• 关于崩溃问题：日志中搜索Exception；
• 正常执行：在monkey执行完后，在日志最后显示执行事件的次数和时间，且以monkey finished结束，表示执行完成；
  

4.3 跳过执行操作

4.3.1 忽略异常崩溃

• 使用--ignore-crashes参数可以忽略异常崩溃，这样monkey会执行完所有事件；

adb shell monkey -p com.tencent.mobileqqi -v > --ignore-crashes 2

4.3.2 忽略超时

• 使用--ignore-timeouts可忽略程序超时，monkey不会因超时而停止运行；

adb shell monkey -p com.tencent.mobileqqi -v > --ignore-timeouts 2

4.3.3 忽略许可错误

• 使用--ignore-security-exceptions可忽略许可错误，如证书、网络许可等；

adb shell monkey -p com.tencent.mobileqqi -v > --ignore-security-exceptions 2

4.4 事件参数

4.4.1 参数说明

• 以-pct开头控制事件百分比的参数，针对不通的测试类型可以调整百分比；
  

• 有关事件参数说明如下（均表示百分比）：

参数	说明
--pct-touch PERCENT	单击事件
--pct-motion PERCENT	直线滑动事件
--pct-trackball PERCENT	曲线滑动事件
--pct-syskeys PERCENT	导航栏（Home、Back等）
--pct-nav PERCENT	导航事件（上下左右）
--pct-majornav PERCENT	导航事件（返回、确认、菜单）
--pct-appswitch PERCENT	Activity的启动比率
--pct-flip PERCENT	模拟器适用的事件
--pct-anyevent PERCENT	不常用事件，比如按键
--pct-pinchzoom PERCENT	多点手势缩放
--pct-permission PERCENT	权限事件

4.4.2 指定事件百分比

• 直接在启动事件上加以上的参数即可；
• 参数后直接加上数值（表示百分数）：

adb shell monkey --pct-motion 40 -p com.tencent.mobileqqi 2

4.5 事件延迟

• 使用--throttle可表示两个事件之间的延迟，单位ms；

adb shell monkey --throttle 1000 -p com.tencent.mobileqqi 2

4.6 指定随机事件种子值

• 使用-s参数表示产生随机事件种子值：

test01: adb shell monkey -p com.tencent.mobileqqi -s 50 2 
test02: adb shell monkey -p com.tencent.mobileqqi -s 50 2 

4.7 终止进程

4.7.1 终止错误进程

• 使用--kill-process-after-error终止执行错误的进程。

4.7.2 监控崩溃事件

• 使用--monitor-native-crashes监控代码的崩溃事件。

4.7.3 停止monkey

• 使用--wait-dbg停止执行中的monkey，直到有调试器相连为止。

5 一个实例

5.1 实例需求

• 启动qq；
• 实现3个事件操作；
• 时间间隔2s；
• 指定2个事件，占比为20%，30%；
• 忽略异常、崩溃、超时；
• 保存日志。

5.2 实例实现

• 参数如下：

adb shell monkey -p com.tencent.mobileqqi --throttle 2000 --pct-touch 20 --pct-motion 30 -v -v -v -s 50 --ignore-crashes --ignore-timeouts --ignore-security-exceptions 3 > ./test.log

:Monkey: seed=50 count=3
:AllowPackage: com.tencent.mobileqqi
:IncludeCategory: android.intent.category.LAUNCHER
:IncludeCategory: android.intent.category.MONKEY
// Selecting main activities from category android.intent.category.LAUNCHER
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.contacts.activities.PeopleActivity (from package com.android.contacts)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.dialer.DialtactsActivity (from package com.android.dialer)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.settings.Settings (from package com.android.settings)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.browser.BrowserActivity (from package com.android.browser)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.calendar.AllInOneActivity (from package com.android.calendar)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.deskclock.DeskClock (from package com.android.deskclock)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.email.activity.Welcome (from package com.android.email)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.camera.GalleryPicker (from package com.android.gallery)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.camera.Camera (from package com.android.camera)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.music.MusicBrowserActivity (from package com.android.music)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.messaging.ui.conversationlist.ConversationListActivity (from package com.android.messaging)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.example.android.apis.ApiDemos (from package com.example.android.apis)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.gesture.builder.GestureBuilderActivity (from package com.android.gesture.builder)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.widgetpreview.WidgetPreviewActivity (from package com.android.widgetpreview)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.backuptester.MainActivity (from package com.android.backuptester)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.calculator2.Calculator (from package com.android.calculator2)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.customlocale2.CustomLocaleActivity (from package com.android.customlocale2)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.development.Development (from package com.android.development)
//   - NOT USING main activity android.app.AliasActivity (from package com.android.development_settings)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.providers.downloads.ui.DownloadList (from package com.android.providers.downloads.ui)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.quicksearchbox.SearchActivity (from package com.android.quicksearchbox)
//   + Using main activity com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.SplashActivity (from package com.tencent.mobileqqi)
// Selecting main activities from category android.intent.category.MONKEY
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.launcher3.Launcher (from package com.android.launcher3)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.settings.Settings$RunningServicesActivity (from package com.android.settings)
//   - NOT USING main activity com.android.settings.Settings$StorageUseActivity (from package com.android.settings)
// Seeded: 50
// Event percentages:
//   0: 20.0%
//   1: 30.0%
//   2: 1.3333334%
//   3: 10.0%
//   4: -0.0%
//   5: -0.0%
//   6: 16.666668%
//   7: 10.0%
//   8: 1.3333334%
//   9: 1.3333334%
//   10: 0.6666667%
//   11: 8.666667%
:Switch: #Intent;action=android.intent.action.MAIN;category=android.intent.category.LAUNCHER;launchFlags=0x10200000;component=com.tencent.mobileqqi/com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.SplashActivity;end
    // Allowing start of Intent { act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] cmp=com.tencent.mobileqqi/com.tencent.mobileqq.activity.SplashActivity } in package com.tencent.mobileqqi
Sleeping for 2000 milliseconds
:Sending Trackball (ACTION_MOVE): 0:(-2.0,-3.0)
:Sending Trackball (ACTION_MOVE): 0:(-4.0,-4.0)
Events injected: 3
:Sending rotation degree=0, persist=false
:Dropped: keys=0 pointers=0 trackballs=0 flips=0 rotations=0
## Network stats: elapsed time=2732ms (0ms mobile, 0ms wifi, 2732ms not connected)
// Monkey finished