这就是为什么极限滑雪者将学习如何识别不稳定的滑雪条件，同时还要接受雪崩训练。
This is why extreme skiers will learn how to identify unstable skiing conditions, but also undergo avalanche training.
长距离游泳运动员将在冷水中训练，以调节身体长期暴露在寒冷的温度下，同时还将学习如何监测和治疗体温过低的症状。
Long distance swimmers will train in cold water to condition their bodies for prolonged exposure to cold temperatures, but also learn how to monitor for and treat symptoms of hypothermia.
你也许不能把领导项目等同于极限运动，但也有相似之处。
You may not equate leading projects to an extreme sport, but there are parallels.
所有项目都有风险。
All projects have risk.
项目领导者经常参与到项目中来，以帮助降低风险并如期完成项目。
Project leaders are often brought onto a project to help reduce the risk and to meet an important deadline.
因此，了解如何最好地管理风险对该角色的成功至关重要。
Therefore, understanding how to best manage risk is important to the success of that role.
项目领导者们以一定的勇气和信心对项目挑战发起进攻，他们能够承受出现的任何风险，就像我准备跳下飞机一样。
Project leaders attack projects with a certain amount of bravery and the confidence that they can withstand any risk that presents itself, just as I prepared to jump out of that plane.
他们预测风险，为风险让团队做好准备，但同时也具备适应最坏情况的技能。
They anticipate risk, prepare their teams for it, but then also have the know-how to adapt in a worst-case scenario.
虽然本书的其他章节旨在为你提供当事情进展不顺利时的适应技能，但本章致力于在风险发生之前抢占先机。
While other chapters in this book are aimed at giving you the skills to adapt when things don’t go smoothly, this chapter is devoted to preempting risk before it occurs.
每个项目都是独特的，但您通常可以在早期阶段提前处理常见风险。
Every project is unique, but you can usually preempt common risks in the early phases.
第一个常见风险是范围蔓延，我将在第11章中详细讨论。
The first common risk is scope creep, which I will address in detail in chapter 11.
在接下来的几节中，我将讨论我所看到的四个额外的常见风险，并就如何处理这些风险提供一些建议。
In the coming sections, I’ll address four additional common risks I’ve seen and provide some recommendations on how to handle each of them.
保留英雄主义至必要之时，防止过劳
Prevent burnout by saving heroism for when it counts
在每一个富于攻击性的项目中，你都会冒着让团队筋疲力尽的风险。
On every aggressive project, you will risk burning out your team.
根据梅奥诊所工作人员的文章“工作倦怠：如何发现并采取行动”，“工作倦意是一种特殊类型的与工作相关点压力——一种身体或情感疲惫的状态，也包括成就感降低和个人身份丧失。”
According to the article “Job Burnout: How to Spot It and Take Action” by the Mayo Clinic staff, “Job burnout is a special type of work-related stress—a state of physical or emotional exhaustion that also involves a sense of reduced accomplishment and loss of personal identity.”
如果你迫使你的团队长时间在高压力水平下工作，就会发生过度疲劳、职业倦怠。
Burnout will happen if you push your team to work at elevated stress levels for long periods of time.
工作倦怠会导致你的项目失败，因为人们要么要求离开你的项目，要么他们的工作效率会降低，使你错过你的那些截止日期。
Burnout will cause your projects to fail because people will either ask to leave your project, or their productivity will be decreased and you will miss your dates.
未完待续