Kubernetes(K8s) Ingress介绍-08

Ingress介绍

在前面课程中已经提到，Service对集群之外暴露服务的主要方式有两种：NotePort和LoadBalancer，但是这两种方式，都有一定的缺点：

NodePort方式的缺点是会占用很多集群机器的端口，那么当集群服务变多的时候，这个缺点就愈发明显
LB方式的缺点是每个service需要一个LB，浪费、麻烦，并且需要kubernetes之外设备的支持
基于这种现状，kubernetes提供了Ingress资源对象，Ingress只需要一个NodePort或者一个LB就可以满足暴露多个Service的需求。工作机制大致如下图表示：

实际上，Ingress相当于一个7层的负载均衡器，是kubernetes对反向代理的一个抽象，它的工作原理类似于Nginx，可以理解成在Ingress里建立诸多映射规则，Ingress Controller通过监听这些配置规则并转化成Nginx的反向代理配置 , 然后对外部提供服务。在这里有两个核心概念：

ingress：kubernetes中的一个对象，作用是定义请求如何转发到service的规则
ingress controller：具体实现反向代理及负载均衡的程序，对ingress定义的规则进行解析，根据配置的规则来实现请求转发，实现方式有很多，比如Nginx, Contour, Haproxy等等
Ingress（以Nginx为例）的工作原理如下：

用户编写Ingress规则，说明哪个域名对应kubernetes集群中的哪个Service
Ingress控制器动态感知Ingress服务规则的变化，然后生成一段对应的Nginx反向代理配置
Ingress控制器会将生成的Nginx配置写入到一个运行着的Nginx服务中，并动态更新
到此为止，其实真正在工作的就是一个Nginx了，内部配置了用户定义的请求转发规则

Ingress使用
环境准备 搭建ingress环境

#创建文件夹
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# mkdir ingress-controller
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cd ingress-controller/

#获取ingress-nginx，本次案例使用的是0.30版本
[root@k8s-master01 ingress-controller]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/nginx-0.30.0/deploy/static/mandatory.yaml
[root@k8s-master01 ingress-controller]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/nginx-0.30.0/deploy/static/provider/baremetal/service-nodeport.yaml

#修改mandatory.yaml文件中的仓库
#修改quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller:0.30.0
#为quay-mirror.qiniu.com/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller:0.30.0
#创建ingress-nginx
[root@k8s-master01 ingress-controller]# kubectl apply -f ./

#查看ingress-nginx
[root@k8s-master01 ingress-controller]# kubectl get pod -n ingress-nginx
NAME                                           READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/nginx-ingress-controller-fbf967dd5-4qpbp   1/1     Running   0          12h

#查看service
[root@k8s-master01 ingress-controller]# kubectl get svc -n ingress-nginx
NAME            TYPE       CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE
ingress-nginx   NodePort   10.98.75.163   <none>        80:32240/TCP,443:31335/TCP   11h

准备service和pod
为了后面的实验比较方便，创建如下图所示的模型

创建tomcat-nginx.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
  namespace: dev
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx-pod
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx-pod
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.17.1
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

---

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: tomcat-deployment
  namespace: dev
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: tomcat-pod
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: tomcat-pod
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: tomcat
        image: tomcat:8.5-jre10-slim
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-service
  namespace: dev
spec:
  selector:
    app: nginx-pod
  clusterIP: None
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 80

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: tomcat-service
  namespace: dev
spec:
  selector:
    app: tomcat-pod
  clusterIP: None
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
  - port: 8080
    targetPort: 8080

#创建
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create -f tomcat-nginx.yaml

#查看
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get svc -n dev
NAME             TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
nginx-service    ClusterIP   None         <none>        80/TCP     48s
tomcat-service   ClusterIP   None         <none>        8080/TCP   48s

Http代理
创建ingress-http.yaml

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-http
  namespace: dev
spec:
  rules:
  - host: nginx.itheima.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: nginx-service
          servicePort: 80
  - host: tomcat.itheima.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: tomcat-service
          servicePort: 8080

#创建
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create -f ingress-http.yaml
ingress.extensions/ingress-http created

#查看
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get ing ingress-http -n dev
NAME           HOSTS                                  ADDRESS   PORTS   AGE
ingress-http   nginx.itheima.com,tomcat.itheima.com             80      22s

#查看详情
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl describe ing ingress-http  -n dev
...
Rules:
Host                Path  Backends
----                ----  --------
nginx.itheima.com   / nginx-service:80 (10.244.1.96:80,10.244.1.97:80,10.244.2.112:80)
tomcat.itheima.com  / tomcat-service:8080(10.244.1.94:8080,10.244.1.95:8080,10.244.2.111:8080)
...

#接下来,在本地电脑上配置host文件,解析上面的两个域名到192.168.109.100(master)上
#然后,就可以分别访问tomcat.itheima.com:32240  和  nginx.itheima.com:32240 查看效果了

Https代理
创建证书

#生成证书
openssl req -x509 -sha256 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout tls.key -out tls.crt -subj "/C=CN/ST=BJ/L=BJ/O=nginx/CN=itheima.com"

#创建密钥
kubectl create secret tls tls-secret --key tls.key --cert tls.crt

创建ingress-https.yaml

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-https
  namespace: dev
spec:
  tls:
    - hosts:
      - nginx.itheima.com
      - tomcat.itheima.com
      secretName: tls-secret # 指定秘钥
  rules:
  - host: nginx.itheima.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: nginx-service
          servicePort: 80
  - host: tomcat.itheima.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: tomcat-service
          servicePort: 8080

#创建
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create -f ingress-https.yaml
ingress.extensions/ingress-https created

#查看
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get ing ingress-https -n dev
NAME            HOSTS                                  ADDRESS         PORTS     AGE
ingress-https   nginx.itheima.com,tomcat.itheima.com   10.104.184.38   80, 443   2m42s

#查看详情
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl describe ing ingress-https -n dev
...
TLS:
  tls-secret terminates nginx.itheima.com,tomcat.itheima.com
Rules:
Host              Path Backends
----              ---- --------
nginx.itheima.com  /  nginx-service:80 (10.244.1.97:80,10.244.1.98:80,10.244.2.119:80)
tomcat.itheima.com /  tomcat-service:8080(10.244.1.99:8080,10.244.2.117:8080,10.244.2.120:8080)
...

#下面可以通过浏览器访问https://nginx.itheima.com:31335 和 https://tomcat.itheima.com:31335来查看了