海蒂拉玛，原名Hedwig Eva Naria Kiesler， 1914年出生于奥地利维也纳。她在青年时期就决定辍学去追求演员的名誉。1930年她第一次出现在了一部德国电影中。她的美貌和才华使她又出演了1931年的其他三部电影，但最终使她成名世界的是她出演的一部颇具争议的电影《神魂颠倒》。
Hedy Lamarr was born Hedwig Eva Naria Kiesler in 1914 in Vienna, Austria. By she was a teenager, she had decided to drop out of school and seek fame as an actress. She first appeared in a German film in 1930. She was attractive and talented enough to be in three more films in 1931, but it was her controversial film "Ecstasy" that brought her worldwide fame as an actress.
1937年，她逃离了她的祖国偷偷前往了好莱坞，在那里，她重塑了自己的人生。她将自己的名字改为“海蒂拉玛”，被称为“荧幕上最美丽的女性”。然而，拉玛打破了人们对女主角的刻板印象，她对数学与工程也展现了极大的兴趣。很快她开始了自己的发明。她最早的发明包括一款改良的交通灯和一种可以溶解于水中制成碳酸饮料的药片。
In 1937 she fled from her country and secretly moved to Hollywood, where she reinvented herself. She changed her name to "Hedy Lamarr", with the nickname "The Most Beautiful Women in Films". However, Lamarr defied the leading-lady stereotype by also pursuing an interest in mathematic and engineering. She soon took up inventing. Her earliest inventions included an improved traffic stoplight and a tablet that would dissolve in water to create a carbonated drink.
随着世界大战的爆发，拉玛受到感召为战争效力。她为鱼雷设计了收音制导系统。1940年，她认识了作曲家乔治·安塞尔，在他的帮助下她发现了一种可以分解信号使之能够在不同频率间跳转的方法。利用和自动钢琴相似的原理，他们设计了一种跳频系统，可以连续变化发往鱼雷的无线电。虽然包括尼古拉·特斯拉在内的其他发明家对跳频技术也探索过相似理念，拉玛和安塞尔在1942年以他们的发明获得了一项专利，这一技术后来被称为扩展频谱技术。
WIth the onging Word War, Lamarr was inspired to contribute to the war effort. She designed a radio guidance system for torpedoes. With the help of composer George Anteil, whom she met in 1940, she discovered a to break up siginala and transmit them over diffierent frequencies. Using a method similar to the way player pianos work, they disigned a frequeny-hopping system that would continually change the radio signal sent to a toepedoe. While others, including Nokola Tesla, had explored similar ideas of frequency hoping, Lamarr and Antheil obtained a patent for their invention in 1942 for what would become known as spread-spectrum technology.
guidance system: a device that can change the direction or path of an object 制导系统
尽管美国海军在战争期间没有采用这一技术，但它被应用到了1962年的古巴导弹危机中。几十年来拉玛的技术一直遭受冷遇，但最终它引导了今天扩展频谱通信技术的创造，比如WI-FI网络，移动电话，GPS和蓝牙技术等等。
Although the U.S. Navy did not adopt the technology during the War, it was used during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. For decades Lamarr's technology remained behind the scenes, but ultimately it led to the creation of tody's spread-spectrurm communication techonoly, such as WI-FI networks, mobile phones, GPS and Bluetooth technologies.
WI-FI (Wireless Fidelity) 无线保真
拉玛和安塞尔最终收获了一些奖项，因为他们一生中创造性的成就深深造福了社会。2014年他们入选了国家发明家名人堂，在拉玛2000年去世之后。
Lamarr and Antheil eventually received several awards for their lifetime creative achievements that contributed so much to society. They were included into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2014, after her death in 2000.
重点词扩展
flee-fled 逃离
reinvent
1.VERB 彻底改变;改造
To reinvent something means to change it so that it seems different and new.
They have tried to reinvent their retail stores...
他们一直在尝试改造他们的零售店。
He was determined to reinvent himself as a poet and writer.
他下决心把自己重塑成一个诗人兼作家。
2.PHRASE 重复劳动;白费力
If someone is trying to reinvent the wheel, they are trying to do something that has already been done successfully.
Some of these ideas are worth pursuing, but there is no need to reinvent the wheel.
这些观点中有些值得进一步探究，但是没有必要全盘重来。
defy
1
VERB 违抗;反抗;不服从If you defy someone or something that is trying to make you behave in a particular way, you refuse to obey them and behave in that way.
This was the first (and last) time that I dared todefymy mother...
这是我第一次(也是最后一次)胆敢反抗我的母亲。
Nearly eleven-thousand people have been arrested for defying the ban on street trading.
将近有1.1万人因为违抗禁止在街上摆摊交易的禁令而被捕。
2
VERB 挑战;激;认为…不敢(或无法)（做）If you defy someone to do something, you challenge them to do it when you think that they will be unable to do it or too frightened to do it.
Idefyyou to come up with one major accomplishment of the current Prime Minister...
我敢说你讲不出现任首相的哪怕一项重大成就。
He looked at me as if he was defying me to argue.
他看着我，仿佛在激我与他争论。
3
VERB 无法，难以(描述或理解)If something defies description or understanding, it is so strange, extreme, or surprising that it is almost impossible to understand or explain.
When the flowers open in spring they fill the night air with a fragrance that defies description...
春天鲜花开放时，夜里的空气中会弥漫一种难以名状的香气。
It's a devastating and barbaric act that defies all comprehension.
这种行为野蛮凶残、令人震惊，简直是不可理喻。
4
PHRASE 看上去比实际年轻If you say that someone defies their age, or defies the years, you mean that their appearance or behaviour suggests that they are younger than they really are.
The singer continues todefy her age by wearing the scantiest of outfits.
那名女歌手依旧穿着非常暴露的服装，完全不似她这把岁数。
stereotype
1
N-COUNT 模式化的形象(或特征);固定模式;刻板印象;陈规老套A stereotype is a fixed general image or set of characteristics that a lot of people believe represent a particular type of person or thing.
There's always been astereotypeabout successful businessmen...
人们对于成功商人一直都有一种固定印象。
Many men feel their body shape doesn't live up to thestereotypeof the ideal man.
很多男人都觉得自己的体形不符合人们心目中惯有的理想男性形象。
2
VERB 使模式化;使定型If someone is stereotyped as something, people form a fixed general idea or image of them, so that it is assumed that they will behave in a particular way.
He was stereotyped by some as a rebel...
他被一些人认定为叛逆者。
I get very worked up about the way women are stereotyped in a lot of mainstream films...
我对很多主流电影中千篇一律的女性形象感到非常气愤。
dissolve
1
V-ERG （使）溶解If a substance dissolves in liquid or if you dissolve it, it becomes mixed with the liquid and disappears.
Heat gently until the sugar dissolves...
慢慢加热直到糖溶解为止。
Dissolvethe salt in a little boiled water.
将盐溶解在少许开水中。
2
VERB 解散(团体或机构)When an organization or institution is dissolved, it is officially ended or broken up.
The committee has been dissolved...
委员会已经解散了。
The King agreed todissolvethe present commission.
国王同意解散目前的委员会。
3
VERB 解散(议会)When a parliament is dissolved, it is formally ended, so that elections for a new parliament can be held.
The present assembly will be dissolved on April 30th...
现在的议会将于 4 月 30 日解散。
Kaifu threatened todissolvethe Parliament and call an election.
卡夫威胁要解散议会并举行选举。
4
VERB 解除(婚姻关系）；终止（商业协议)When a marriage or business arrangement is dissolved, it is officially ended.
The marriage was dissolved in 1976.
这段婚姻于1976年结束。
5
V-ERG （使）消失;消除;消散If something such as a problem or feeling dissolves or is dissolved, it becomes weaker and disappears.
His new-found optimism dissolved...
他刚刚萌生的乐观情绪消失了。
Lenny still could notdissolvethe nagging lump of tension in his chest.
莱尼仍不能消除令他不安的紧张感。
obtain
obtain a patent
1
VERB 得到；获得;实现To obtain something means to get it or achieve it.
Evans was trying to obtain a false passport and other documents...
埃文斯正试图取得一本假护照和其他证件。
The perfect body has always been difficult to obtain.
完美的身材总是很难拥有。
2
VERB 存在；流行；通行If a situation obtains, it exists.
The longer this situation obtains, the more extensive the problems become.
这种局面持续的时间越长，问题波及的范围就越广。