1.首先介绍一下waitress与nginx是啥,
Waitress:
Nginx:
简而言之,Waitress 是一个专注于运行 Python Web 应用程序的服务器,而 Nginx 是一个通用的高性能 Web 服务器,适用于托管各种类型的 Web 内容和服务。在一些场景中,你可能会将 Waitress 与 Nginx 结合使用,其中 Nginx 充当反向代理服务器,而 Waitress 处理 Python Web 应用程序的请求。这样的组合可以充分利用 Nginx 的高性能和 Waitress 的专业性。
2.为什么使用Waitress而不是其他的服务器,例如uWSGI,gunicorn
这与我的开发环境与生产环境有关,我使用的环境皆是windows,而当我试图在windows上安装uWSGI,gunicorn时出现了错误,修改到最后还是放弃了这个方案
uWSGI的错误出现在安装它的时候
C:\Users\Administrator>pip install uwsgi -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/si
mple
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
Collecting uwsgi
Using cached https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/79/73/b5def500729e134d
1cb8dfc334e27fa2e9cfd4e639c1f60c6532d40edaed/uwsgi-2.0.23.tar.gz (810 kB)
Installing build dependencies ... done
Getting requirements to build wheel ... error
error: subprocess-exited-with-error
× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> [19 lines of output]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\
site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 353,
in
main()
File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\
site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 335,
in main
json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\
site-packages\pip\_vendor\pyproject_hooks\_in_process\_in_process.py", line 118,
in get_requires_for_build_wheel
return hook(config_settings)
File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\2\pip-build-env-m26e9hf4
\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 325, in get_requires_
for_build_wheel
return self._get_build_requires(config_settings, requirements=['wheel'
])
File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\2\pip-build-env-m26e9hf4
\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 295, in _get_build_re
quires
self.run_setup()
File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\2\pip-build-env-m26e9hf4
\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 480, in run_setup
super(_BuildMetaLegacyBackend, self).run_setup(setup_script=setup_scri
pt)
File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\2\pip-build-env-m26e9hf4
\overlay\Lib\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 311, in run_setup
exec(code, locals())
File "", line 3, in
File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Temp\2\pip-install-pg6_kfal\u
wsgi_05f18753100a4e25a475b36504fbabe5\uwsgiconfig.py", line 8, in
uwsgi_os = os.uname()[0]
AttributeError: module 'os' has no attribute 'uname'
[end of output]
note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem wit
h pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error
× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.
note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with
pip.
gunicorn的错误出现在我试图使用它运行flask项目的时候
User
C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\******>gunicorn -w 4 -t 30 -b 0.0.0.0
:5000 app:index
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\runpy.
py", line 197, in _run_module_as_main
return _run_code(code, main_globals, None,
File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\runpy.
py", line 87, in _run_code
exec(code, run_globals)
File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\Scripts\gu
nicorn.exe\__main__.py", line 4, in
File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-p
ackages\gunicorn\app\wsgiapp.py", line 9, in
from gunicorn.app.base import Application
File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-p
ackages\gunicorn\app\base.py", line 11, in
from gunicorn import util
File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-p
ackages\gunicorn\util.py", line 8, in
import fcntl
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'fcntl'
它们的运行或安装无一例外都是需要UNIX/Linux,都是默认在 UNIX/Linux 上运行,因此选择 Waitress作为windows上的服务器是最好的选择
3.nginx命令
先来了解一点nginx命令方便下面操作
nginx.exe 启动nginx
nginx.exe -t 检查conf配置有没有问题
nginx.exe -s stop 停止nginx
nginx.exe -s reload 更新nginx
4. Waitress命令
waitress-serve --host=0.0.0.0 --port=5000 myapp:application
修改成与flask项目配置有关的端口号与地址
如果您的 Flask 应用程序在名为 的文件中定义myapp.py
,并且 WSGI 应用程序对象名为application
5.开始!
1.准备好你的flask项目
2.启动它
3.使用 Waitress与它绑定并监视来自nginx的请求
waitress-serve --host=0.0.0.0 --port=5000 myapp:application
4.修改nginx配置文件,使其适用于你的项目
server {
listen 8080; # 修改为您的所需端口
server_name localhost;
location / {
# 允许所有请求方法,包括 POST
allow all;
proxy_pass ****; # 更改为您的Flask应用程序的主机和端口
}
location /static/ {
root ******;
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
}
5.启动nginx
nginx.exe 启动nginx
nginx.exe -t 检查conf配置有没有问题
nginx.exe -s reload 更新nginx
nginx.exe -s stop 停止nginx
nginx.exe 启动nginx
6.通过域名访问,大工告成!