上篇文章说了通过RestTemplate实现微服务之间访问:https://blog.csdn.net/Ber_Bai/article/details/125460941,这篇文章将通过Feign实现微服务之间访问。
代码基于RestTemplate实现微服务之间访问基础上进行修改。
Github:https://github.com/OpenFeign/feign
Feign是Netflix开发的声明式、模板化的HTTP客户端, Feign可以帮助我们更快捷、优雅地实现微服务之间的调用。
1.Feign可帮助我们更加便捷,优雅的调用HTTP API。
2.在SpringCloud中,使用Feign非常简单——创建一个接口,并在接口上添加一些注解,代码就完成了。
3.Feign支持多种注解,例如Feign自带的注解或者JAX-RS注解等。
4.SpringCloud对Feign进行了增强,使Feign支持了SpringMVC注解,并整合了Ribbon和Eureka,从而让Feign的使用更加方便。
官网文档:https://github.com/alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba/wiki/%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E
root pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.ber</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringCloud-Feign</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.12.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/>
</parent>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-boot.version>2.3.12.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
<spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.2.8.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR12</spring-cloud.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bootstrap</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<modules>
<!-- 注册中心 -->
<module>ber-nacos</module>
</modules>
</project>
ber-nacos pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>SpringCloud-Feign</artifactId>
<groupId>com.ber</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>ber-nacos</artifactId>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<modules>
<module>nacos-consumer</module>
<module>nacos-provider</module>
<module>nacos-consumer-feign</module>
</modules>
</project>
nacos-consumer-feign pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>ber-nacos</artifactId>
<groupId>com.ber</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>nacos-consumer-feign</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 负载均衡 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-loadbalancer</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- feign -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
application.properties
spring.application.name=nacos-consumer-feign
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848
server.port=8895
feign.hystrix.enabled=true
启动类,注意添加注解@EnableFeignClients、@EnableDiscoveryClient
package com.ber.nacos.feign;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
/**
* @author: ber
* @date: 2022/6/25 0025 22:43
* -------------------------------
* Github:https://github.com/berbai
* Blog:https://blog.csdn.net/Ber_Bai
*/
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class FeignApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(FeignApplication.class, args);
}
}
controller接口,通过/queryMsg/{msgStr}
访问provider微服务接口
package com.ber.nacos.feign.controller;
import com.ber.nacos.feign.service.MsgService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
/**
* @author: ber
* @date: 2022/6/25 0025 22:46
* -------------------------------
* Github:https://github.com/berbai
* Blog:https://blog.csdn.net/Ber_Bai
*/
@RestController
public class MsgController {
@Autowired
MsgService msgService;
/**
* 获取消息
*
* @param msgStr 消息
* @return
*/
@GetMapping("/queryMsg/{msgStr}")
public String getMsg(@PathVariable(value = "msgStr") String msgStr) {
return msgService.getMsg(msgStr);
}
}
创建feign client
FeignClient 默认集成了 Ribbon,使用@FeignClient
注解将MsgService
接口作为 FeignClient ,其属性名称与服务名称nacos-provider
对应
package com.ber.nacos.feign.service;
import com.ber.nacos.feign.service.fallback.MsgServiceFallback;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
/**
* @author: ber
* @date: 2022/6/25 0025 22:54
* -------------------------------
* Github:https://github.com/berbai
* Blog:https://blog.csdn.net/Ber_Bai
*/
@Component
@FeignClient(name = "nacos-provider", fallback = MsgServiceFallback.class)
public interface MsgService {
@GetMapping("/getMsg/{msgStr}")
String getMsg(@PathVariable("msgStr") String msgStr);
}
Feign的Fallback机制,在网络请求时,可能会出现异常请求,如果还想再异常情况下使系统可用,那么就需要容错处理,执行设置的容错业务代码。
当接口请求不成功时,就会调用MsgServiceFallback
类这里的实现
package com.ber.nacos.feign.service.fallback;
import com.ber.nacos.feign.service.MsgService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* @author: ber
* @date: 2022/6/25 0025 22:58
* -------------------------------
* Github:https://github.com/berbai
* Blog:https://blog.csdn.net/Ber_Bai
*/
@Component
public class MsgServiceFallback implements MsgService {
@Override
public String getMsg(String msgStr) {
return "请求失败";
}
}
代码参考上篇文章《RestTemplate实现微服务之间访问》
启动nacos-consumer-feign
和nacos-provider
,访问http://localhost:8848/nacos
,使用 nacos/nacos 登陆后,可以发现服务列表
中,两个微服务已经注册,如下图所示。
访问http://localhost:8895/queryMsg/hello
,即consumer-feign的接口,可以得到如下图所示的界面
修改feign client代码如下所示
改为@GetMapping("/getMsg-error/{msgStr}")
,即原本的queryMsg会被请求到getMsg-error,而provider并没有提供getMsg-error,此时feign会进入容错机制。
package com.ber.nacos.feign.service;
import com.ber.nacos.feign.service.fallback.MsgServiceFallback;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
/**
* @author: ber
* @date: 2022/6/25 0025 22:54
* -------------------------------
* Github:https://github.com/berbai
* Blog:https://blog.csdn.net/Ber_Bai
*/
@Component
@FeignClient(name = "nacos-provider", fallback = MsgServiceFallback.class)
public interface MsgService {
@GetMapping("/getMsg-error/{msgStr}")
String getMsg(@PathVariable("msgStr") String msgStr);
}
再次访问http://localhost:8895/queryMsg/hello
,即consumer-feign的接口,可以得到如下图所示的界面
源码已上传github
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