SpringCloud:Feign实现微服务之间相互请求

上篇文章说了通过RestTemplate实现微服务之间访问:https://blog.csdn.net/Ber_Bai/article/details/125460941,这篇文章将通过Feign实现微服务之间访问。
代码基于RestTemplate实现微服务之间访问基础上进行修改。

Feign简介

Github:https://github.com/OpenFeign/feign

Feign是Netflix开发的声明式、模板化的HTTP客户端, Feign可以帮助我们更快捷、优雅地实现微服务之间的调用。
1.Feign可帮助我们更加便捷,优雅的调用HTTP API。
2.在SpringCloud中,使用Feign非常简单——创建一个接口,并在接口上添加一些注解,代码就完成了。
3.Feign支持多种注解,例如Feign自带的注解或者JAX-RS注解等。
4.SpringCloud对Feign进行了增强,使Feign支持了SpringMVC注解,并整合了Ribbon和Eureka,从而让Feign的使用更加方便。

Spring Cloud 组件依赖版本

官网文档:https://github.com/alibaba/spring-cloud-alibaba/wiki/%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E

SpringCloud:Feign实现微服务之间相互请求_第1张图片
本文参考使用组件依赖如下
在这里插入图片描述

Feign实现服务之间访问

创建微服务项目,结构如下图所示
SpringCloud:Feign实现微服务之间相互请求_第2张图片

root pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.ber</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringCloud-Feign</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.12.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-boot.version>2.3.12.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.2.8.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR12</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bootstrap</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <modules>
        <!-- 注册中心 -->
        <module>ber-nacos</module>
    </modules>

</project>

ber-nacos pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>SpringCloud-Feign</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.ber</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>ber-nacos</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <modules>
        <module>nacos-consumer</module>
        <module>nacos-provider</module>
        <module>nacos-consumer-feign</module>
    </modules>
</project>

☘创建nacos-consumer-feign微服务

nacos-consumer-feign pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>ber-nacos</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.ber</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>nacos-consumer-feign</artifactId>


    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 负载均衡 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-loadbalancer</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- feign -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

application.properties

spring.application.name=nacos-consumer-feign

spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr=127.0.0.1:8848

server.port=8895

feign.hystrix.enabled=true

启动类,注意添加注解@EnableFeignClients、@EnableDiscoveryClient

package com.ber.nacos.feign;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

/**
 * @author: ber
 * @date: 2022/6/25 0025 22:43
 * -------------------------------
 * Github:https://github.com/berbai
 * Blog:https://blog.csdn.net/Ber_Bai
 */
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class FeignApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(FeignApplication.class, args);
    }
}

controller接口,通过/queryMsg/{msgStr}访问provider微服务接口

package com.ber.nacos.feign.controller;

import com.ber.nacos.feign.service.MsgService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @author: ber
 * @date: 2022/6/25 0025 22:46
 * -------------------------------
 * Github:https://github.com/berbai
 * Blog:https://blog.csdn.net/Ber_Bai
 */
@RestController
public class MsgController {

    @Autowired
    MsgService msgService;

    /**
     * 获取消息
     *
     * @param msgStr 消息
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping("/queryMsg/{msgStr}")
    public String getMsg(@PathVariable(value = "msgStr") String msgStr) {
        return msgService.getMsg(msgStr);
    }
}

创建feign client
FeignClient 默认集成了 Ribbon,使用@FeignClient注解将MsgService 接口作为 FeignClient ,其属性名称与服务名称nacos-provider对应

package com.ber.nacos.feign.service;

import com.ber.nacos.feign.service.fallback.MsgServiceFallback;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;

/**
 * @author: ber
 * @date: 2022/6/25 0025 22:54
 * -------------------------------
 * Github:https://github.com/berbai
 * Blog:https://blog.csdn.net/Ber_Bai
 */
@Component
@FeignClient(name = "nacos-provider", fallback = MsgServiceFallback.class)
public interface MsgService {

    @GetMapping("/getMsg/{msgStr}")
    String getMsg(@PathVariable("msgStr") String msgStr);
}

Feign的Fallback机制,在网络请求时,可能会出现异常请求,如果还想再异常情况下使系统可用,那么就需要容错处理,执行设置的容错业务代码。
当接口请求不成功时,就会调用MsgServiceFallback类这里的实现

package com.ber.nacos.feign.service.fallback;

import com.ber.nacos.feign.service.MsgService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @author: ber
 * @date: 2022/6/25 0025 22:58
 * -------------------------------
 * Github:https://github.com/berbai
 * Blog:https://blog.csdn.net/Ber_Bai
 */
@Component
public class MsgServiceFallback implements MsgService {
    @Override
    public String getMsg(String msgStr) {
        return "请求失败";
    }
}

☘nacos-provider微服务

代码参考上篇文章《RestTemplate实现微服务之间访问》

SpringCloud:Feign实现微服务之间相互请求_第3张图片

Feign微服务之间访问测试

启动nacos-consumer-feignnacos-provider,访问http://localhost:8848/nacos,使用 nacos/nacos 登陆后,可以发现服务列表中,两个微服务已经注册,如下图所示。
SpringCloud:Feign实现微服务之间相互请求_第4张图片
访问http://localhost:8895/queryMsg/hello,即consumer-feign的接口,可以得到如下图所示的界面
SpringCloud:Feign实现微服务之间相互请求_第5张图片

☘Feign容错机制

修改feign client代码如下所示
改为@GetMapping("/getMsg-error/{msgStr}"),即原本的queryMsg会被请求到getMsg-error,而provider并没有提供getMsg-error,此时feign会进入容错机制。

package com.ber.nacos.feign.service;

import com.ber.nacos.feign.service.fallback.MsgServiceFallback;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;

/**
 * @author: ber
 * @date: 2022/6/25 0025 22:54
 * -------------------------------
 * Github:https://github.com/berbai
 * Blog:https://blog.csdn.net/Ber_Bai
 */
@Component
@FeignClient(name = "nacos-provider", fallback = MsgServiceFallback.class)
public interface MsgService {

    @GetMapping("/getMsg-error/{msgStr}")
    String getMsg(@PathVariable("msgStr") String msgStr);
}

再次访问http://localhost:8895/queryMsg/hello,即consumer-feign的接口,可以得到如下图所示的界面
SpringCloud:Feign实现微服务之间相互请求_第6张图片  
源码已上传github

本文介绍到此,博客仅记录博主学习过程,如存在错误之处,请指教。

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