问题陈述:
问题解析:
卡特兰数(Catalan)的应用
基本性质:
f(n) = f(1)f(n-1) + f(2)f(n-2) + ... + f(n-2)f(2) + f(n-1)f(1);
f(n) = C(2n, n) / (n+1) = C(2n-2, n-1) / n;
Cn = (4n-2)/(n+1) Cn-1
代码详解:
I: C++
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <cstdio> 3 #include <memory.h> 4 5 using namespace std; 6 7 #define MAX 101 8 #define BASE 10000 9 10 void multiply(int a[], int len, int b) { 11 for(int i=len-1, carry=0; i>=0; i--) { 12 carry += b * a[i]; 13 a[i] = carry % BASE; 14 carry /= BASE; 15 } 16 } 17 18 void divide(int a[], int len, int b) { 19 for(int i=0, div=0; i<len; i++) { 20 div = div * BASE + a[i]; 21 a[i] = div / b; 22 div %= b; 23 } 24 } 25 26 int main() 27 { 28 int i, j, h[101][MAX]; 29 memset(h[1], 0, MAX*sizeof(int)); 30 for(i=2, h[1][MAX-1]=1; i<=100; i++) { 31 memcpy(h[i], h[i-1], MAX*sizeof(int)); 32 multiply(h[i], MAX, 4*i-2); 33 divide(h[i], MAX, i+1); 34 } 35 36 while(cin >> i && i>=1 && i <= 100) { 37 for(j=0; j<MAX && h[i][j]==0; j++); 38 printf("%d", h[i][j++]); 39 for(; j<MAX; j++) 40 printf("%04d", h[i][j]); 41 cout << endl; 42 } 43 return 0; 44 }
II: Java
1 import java.io.BufferedInputStream; 2 import java.math.BigInteger; 3 import java.util.Scanner; 4 5 public class Main { 6 7 public static void main(String[] args) { 8 Scanner sc = new Scanner(new BufferedInputStream(System.in)); 9 int n; 10 while(sc.hasNext()) { 11 BigInteger catalan = BigInteger.valueOf(1); 12 n = sc.nextInt(); 13 for(int i=1; i<=n; i++) { 14 catalan = catalan.multiply(BigInteger.valueOf(4*i-2)).divide(BigInteger.valueOf(i+1)); 15 } 16 System.out.println(catalan); 17 } 18 sc.close(); 19 } 20 }
参考资料: