Golang实践录:sqlite的使用

本文使用 Golang 对 sqlite3 数据库进行操作。

概述

Golang 操作数据库有统一的接口,当然也有xorm这样的库,笔者接触的项目不大,对sql自由组装有要求,同时也会将这些sql用于数据库客户端查询,因此偏向于使用原生的sql。

为方便起见,本文只针对sqlite进行连接、读写、事务的测试。理论上可以扩展到其它数据库的操作。

技术小结

  • 引入的包有"database/sql"_ "github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3"
  • 使用sql.Open打开数据库,对于sqlite3,不存在目标文件时,会自创并使用。
  • 事务相关接口有:开始SQLDB.Begin()、提交tx.Commit()、回滚tx.Rollback()、结束SQLDB.Close()

设计

为让测试代码接近业务逻辑,设计场景如下:

  • 设2个数据表:一为版本号表,一为信息明细表。
  • 版本号更新了(如通过http下载数据,数据中有版本号),才更新明细表。程序通过读取数据库表的版本号进行判断。
  • 允许上述数据表为空或不存在,由于sqlite3是基于文件的,也允许sqlite文件不存在。
  • 同时写上述2个数据表,同时成功了方认为成功,因此使用到事务机制。

源码分析

完整代码见文后,本节按实现功能列出要点。

连接数据库

func CreateSqlite3(dbname string, create bool) (sqldb *sql.DB, err error) {
    if create == false && !IsExist(dbname) {
        return nil, errors.New("open database failed: " + dbname + " not found")
    }
    sqldb, err = sql.Open("sqlite3", dbname)
    if err != nil {
        return nil, errors.New("open database failed: " + err.Error())
    }
    err = sqldb.Ping()
    if err != nil {
        return nil, errors.New("connect database failed: " + err.Error())
    }
    fmt.Println("connect to ", dbname, "ok")

    return
}

读取版本号

读取版本号,如果不存在,则创建对应的表。

func readOrCreateDBTable(sqldb *sql.DB) (version, updateTime string) {
    needCreate := false
    sqlstr := fmt.Sprintf(`select version, updateTime from %v order by version desc limit 1`,
        tableVersion)
    fmt.Printf("run sql: [%v]\n", sqlstr)
    results, err := sqldb.Query(sqlstr)
    if err != nil {
        if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "no such table") {
            needCreate = true
        } else {
            fmt.Println("query error: ", err)
            return
        }
    }

    if !needCreate {
        for results.Next() {
            var item1, item2 sql.NullString
            err := results.Scan(&item1, &item2)
            if err != nil {
                fmt.Println("scan error: ", err)
                break
            }
            if !item1.Valid || !item2.Valid {
                continue
            }
            version = item1.String
            updateTime = item2.String
        }

        defer results.Close()
    } else {
        fmt.Println("not found table, will create it.")
        for _, item := range sqlarr {
            _, err := sqldb.Exec(item)
            if err != nil {
                fmt.Printf("Exec sql failed: [%v] [%v] \n", err, item)
            }
        }
    }

    return
}

以事务方式入库

// 入库2个表,以事务方式
func insertDBBatch(gxList []InfoList_t, version string) (err error) {
    SQLDB, err := CreateSqlite3(dbServer, false)
    if err != nil {
        // fmt.Println(err.Error())
        return err
    }

    var tx *sql.Tx
    tx, err = SQLDB.Begin()
    if err != nil {
        err = errors.New("begin sql error: " + err.Error())
        return err
    }

    defer func() {
        if err != nil {
            err = errors.New("exec sql failed rollback: " + err.Error())
            tx.Rollback()
        } else {
            err = nil
            tx.Commit()
        }
        // 延时一会,关闭
        Sleep(1000)
        SQLDB.Close()
    }()

    err = insertDBVersion(tx, version)
    if err != nil {
        return
    }

    err = insertDBDetail(tx, gxList, version)
    if err != nil {
        return
    }

    return
}

函数开始时,先调用SQLDB.Begin()开始事务,分别调用insertDBVersioninsertDBDetail入库,只有2者同时成功,才调用tx.Commit()提交事务,否则调用tx.Rollback()回滚。提交事务或回滚,通过Golang的defer机制实现,逻辑较清晰。

测试

测试日志如下:

go test -v -run TestSqlite

没有数据库文件
test of sqlte3...
connect to  foobar.db3 ok
run sql:
select version, updateTime from myVersion order by version desc limit 1
not found table, will create it.
got db version [] update time []
connect to  foobar.db3 ok
insert db version [] at: [2023-12-02 10:42:18]
insert result:  
--- PASS: TestSqlite (1.04s)
PASS

已有数据但版本较新
test of sqlte3...
connect to  foobar.db3 ok
run sql: [select version, updateTime from myVersion order by version desc limit 1]
got db version [20231202] update time [2023-12-02T10:48:20Z]
connect to  foobar.db3 ok
insert db version [20231203] at: [2023-12-02 10:48:47]
insert result:  
--- PASS: TestSqlite (1.03s)
PASS

完整代码

package test

import (
    "database/sql"
    "errors"
    "fmt"
    "os"
    "strings"
    "testing"
    "time"
    "webdemo/pkg/com"

    _ "github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3"
)

var (
    // 数据库文件名及表名
    dbServer     string = "foobar.db3"
    tableVersion string = "myVersion"
    tableList    string = "myList"
)

// 信息表 结构体可对于json风格数据传输解析
type InfoList_t struct {
    Id         int    `json:"-"`
    Version    string `json:"-"`
    Name       string `json:"-"`
    City       string `json:"-"`
    UpdateTime string `json:"-"`
}

var sqlarr []string = []string{
    // 版本号
    `CREATE TABLE "myVersion" (
        "version" VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
        "updateTime" datetime DEFAULT "",
        PRIMARY KEY ("version")
    );`,

    // 信息表
    `CREATE TABLE "myList" (
        "id" int NOT NULL,
        "version" VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
        "name" VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
        "city" VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
        "updateTime" datetime DEFAULT "",
        PRIMARY KEY ("id")
    );`,
}

func IsExist(path string) bool {
    _, err := os.Stat(path)
    return err == nil || os.IsExist(err)
}

func Sleep(ms int) {
    time.Sleep(time.Duration(ms) * time.Millisecond)
}

func CreateSqlite3(dbname string, create bool) (sqldb *sql.DB, err error) {
    if create == false && !IsExist(dbname) {
        return nil, errors.New("open database failed: " + dbname + " not found")
    }
    sqldb, err = sql.Open("sqlite3", dbname)
    if err != nil {
        return nil, errors.New("open database failed: " + err.Error())
    }
    err = sqldb.Ping()
    if err != nil {
        return nil, errors.New("connect database failed: " + err.Error())
    }
    fmt.Println("connect to ", dbname, "ok")

    return
}

func readOrCreateDBTable(sqldb *sql.DB) (version, updateTime string) {
    needCreate := false
    sqlstr := fmt.Sprintf(`select version, updateTime from %v order by version desc limit 1`,
        tableVersion)
    fmt.Printf("run sql: [%v]\n", sqlstr)
    results, err := sqldb.Query(sqlstr)
    if err != nil {
        if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "no such table") {
            needCreate = true
        } else {
            fmt.Println("query error: ", err)
            return
        }
    }

    if !needCreate {
        for results.Next() {
            var item1, item2 sql.NullString
            err := results.Scan(&item1, &item2)
            if err != nil {
                fmt.Println("scan error: ", err)
                break
            }
            if !item1.Valid || !item2.Valid {
                continue
            }
            version = item1.String
            updateTime = item2.String
        }

        defer results.Close()
    } else {
        fmt.Println("not found table, will create it.")
        for _, item := range sqlarr {
            _, err := sqldb.Exec(item)
            if err != nil {
                fmt.Printf("Exec sql failed: [%v] [%v] \n", err, item)
            }
        }
    }

    return
}

func insertDBDetail(tx *sql.Tx, gxList []InfoList_t, version string) (err error) {
    tablename := tableList
    sqlstr := fmt.Sprintf(`DELETE FROM %v`, tablename)
    stmt, err := tx.Prepare(sqlstr)
    if err != nil {
        err = errors.New("prepare for [" + sqlstr + "] failed: " + err.Error())
        return
    }
    _, err = stmt.Exec()
    if err != nil {
        err = errors.New("delete " + tablename + "failed: " + err.Error())
        return
    }

    sqlstr = fmt.Sprintf(`INSERT OR REPLACE INTO %v 
(id, version, name, city, updateTime) 
VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)`,
        tablename)
    stmt, _ = tx.Prepare(sqlstr)
    for _, item := range gxList {
        // item.Id = idx
        item.Version = version
        item.UpdateTime = com.GetNowDateTime("YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss")
        _, err = stmt.Exec(item.Id, item.Version, item.Name, item.City, item.UpdateTime)
        if err != nil {
            err = errors.New("insert " + tablename + "failed: " + err.Error())
            return
        }
    }

    return
    // debug 制作bug
    // TODO 制作锁住,制作语法错误
    err = errors.New("database is locked")

    return
}

func insertDBVersion(tx *sql.Tx, version string) (err error) {
    tablename := tableVersion
    sqlstr := fmt.Sprintf(`DELETE FROM %v`, tablename)
    stmt, err := tx.Prepare(sqlstr)
    if err != nil {
        err = errors.New("prepare for [" + sqlstr + "] failed: " + err.Error())
        return
    }
    _, err = stmt.Exec()
    if err != nil {
        err = errors.New("delete " + tablename + " failed: " + err.Error())
        return
    }

    sqlstr = fmt.Sprintf(`INSERT OR REPLACE INTO %v (version, updateTime) VALUES (?, ?)`, tablename)
    stmt, err = tx.Prepare(sqlstr)
    if err != nil {
        err = errors.New("prepare for [" + sqlstr + "] failed: " + err.Error())
        return
    }
    updateTime := com.GetNowDateTime("YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss")
    fmt.Printf("insert db version [%v] at: [%v]\n", version, updateTime)
    _, err = stmt.Exec(version, updateTime)
    if err != nil {
        err = errors.New("insert " + tablename + "failed: " + err.Error())
        return
    }

    return
}

// 入库2个表,以事务方式
func insertDBBatch(gxList []InfoList_t, version string) (err error) {
    SQLDB, err := CreateSqlite3(dbServer, false)
    if err != nil {
        // fmt.Println(err.Error())
        return err
    }

    var tx *sql.Tx
    tx, err = SQLDB.Begin()
    if err != nil {
        err = errors.New("begin sql error: " + err.Error())
        return err
    }

    defer func() {
        if err != nil {
            err = errors.New("exec sql failed rollback: " + err.Error())
            tx.Rollback()
        } else {
            err = nil
            tx.Commit()
        }
        // 延时一会,关闭
        Sleep(1000)
        SQLDB.Close()
    }()

    err = insertDBVersion(tx, version)
    if err != nil {
        return
    }

    err = insertDBDetail(tx, gxList, version)
    if err != nil {
        return
    }

    return
}

//
func makeData() (gxList []InfoList_t) {
    var tmp InfoList_t
    tmp.Id = 100
    tmp.Version = "100"
    tmp.Name = "latelee"
    tmp.City = "梧州"
    gxList = append(gxList, tmp)

    tmp = InfoList_t{}
    tmp.Id = 250
    tmp.Version = "250"
    tmp.Name = "latelee"
    tmp.City = "岑溪"
    gxList = append(gxList, tmp)

    return
}

// 读取基础信息,尝试创建表
func readDBVersion() (version, datetime string) {
    SQLDB, err := CreateSqlite3(dbServer, true)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println(err.Error())
        return
    }
    version, datetime = readOrCreateDBTable(SQLDB)
    SQLDB.Close()

    return
}
func TestSqlite(t *testing.T) {
    fmt.Println("test of sqlte3...")

    // 1 尝试获取数据表的版本号(可能为空)
    version, datetime := readDBVersion()
    fmt.Printf("got db version [%v] update time [%v]\n", version, datetime)

    // 2 模拟业务:自定义版本号,较新时,才入库
    myVer := "20231202"
    if myVer > version {
        data := makeData()
        err := insertDBBatch(data, myVer)
        fmt.Println("insert result: ", err)
    } else {
        fmt.Println("db is newest, do nothing")
    }

}

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