增加PPA源
Ubuntu官方软件仓库的ansible版本是2.0.0.2，而我们要安装2.7版本，通过增加PPA源的方式最简单方便。
PPA是Personal Package Archives首字母简写。翻译为中文意思是：个人软件包文档。
因为某些原因，很多软件包不能进入官方的Ubuntu软件仓库，为了方便Ubuntu用户使用，launchpad.net提供了ppa,允许用户建立自己的软件仓库。PPA也被用来对一些打算进入Ubuntu官方仓库的软件，或者某些软件的新版本进行测试。
Launchpad是Ubuntu母公司canonical有限公司所架设的网站，是一个提供维护、支援或联络Ubuntu开发者的平台。
命令很简单：
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:user/ppa-name
Sudo apt update
Sudo apt upgrade
axing@Bastion_THN:~$ sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ansible/ansible --yes --update
gpg: keyring `/tmp/tmpjcbw7wvc/secring.gpg' created
gpg: keyring `/tmp/tmpjcbw7wvc/pubring.gpg' created
gpg: requesting key 7BB9C367 from hkp server [keyserver.ubuntu.com](http://keyserver.ubuntu.com/)
gpg: /tmp/tmpjcbw7wvc/trustdb.gpg: trustdb created
gpg: key 7BB9C367: public key "Launchpad PPA for Ansible, Inc." imported
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg: imported: 1 (RSA: 1)
OK
axing@Bastion_THN:~$ sudo apt install ansible
axing@Bastion_THN:~$ sudo ansible --version
ansible 2.7.1
config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
configured module search path = [u'/home/axing/.ansible/plugins/modules', u'/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules']
ansible python module location = /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ansible
executable location = /usr/bin/ansible
python version = 2.7.12 (default, Dec 4 2017, 14:50:18) [GCC 5.4.0 20160609]
由于安装的时候生成的ansible目录属于root，直接运行ansible命令会出错，要加sudo
axing@Bastion_LD8:~$ ls -al
...
drwx------ 3 root root 4096 Oct 30 17:34 .ansible
测试ansible基本使用
axing@Bastion_LD8:~$ sudo ansible localhost -m ping
[WARNING]: provided hosts list is empty, only localhost is available. Note
that the implicit localhost does not match 'all'
localhost | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
不同于icmp ping，这里返回的"pong"表示按照默认配置远程SSH，ansible可以登录到远端设备。
创建一个文件夹
axing@Bastion_LD8:~$ sudo ansible localhost -m command -a "mkdir /home/axing/ansible/test"
[WARNING]: provided hosts list is empty, only localhost is available. Note
that the implicit localhost does not match 'all'
[WARNING]: Consider using the file module with state=directory rather than
running mkdir. If you need to use command because file is insufficient you can
add warn=False to this command task or set command_warnings=False in
ansible.cfg to get rid of this message.
localhost | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
“[WARNING]: provided hosts list is empty…” 这句告警是因为没有定义host列表，使用默认 localhost=127.0.0.1，暂时不用管。
第二个WARNING提示你可以用file模块来处理文件夹，还可以在配置文件ansible.cfg里修改set command_warnings=False，取消告警提示。
-a 传递参数细节，可以使用双引号或单引号；
rc=0 表示命令成功执行；
axing@Bastion_LD8:~$ ls ansible/ -ls
total 4
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 31 12:23 test
现在先删除test目录，加上warn=False参数再运行一遍：
axing@Bastion_LD8:~/ansible$ sudo ansible localhost -m command -a "mkdir /home/axing/ansible/test warn=False"
[WARNING]: provided hosts list is empty, only localhost is available. Note
that the implicit localhost does not match 'all'
localhost | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
第二个warning就没有了。
-m command 是默认的，如果不加模块参数，就像这样：
axing@Bastion_LD8:~/ansible$ sudo ansible localhost -a "mkdir /home/axing/ansible/test warn=False"
[WARNING]: provided hosts list is empty, only localhost is available. Note
that the implicit localhost does not match 'all'
localhost | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
axing@Bastion_LD8:~/ansible$ ls -ls
total 4
4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Oct 31 16:03 test
和加-m command是同样的效果。
既然建议使用模块，那么我们使用-m file参数
相关参数可以在ansible官方帮助文档找到：https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/modules/file_module.html#file-module
axing@Bastion_LD8:~/ansible$ sudo ansible localhost -m file -a "path=/home/axing/ansible/test/ state=directory"
[WARNING]: provided hosts list is empty, only localhost is available. Note
that the implicit localhost does not match 'all'
localhost | CHANGED => {
"changed": true,
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0755",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/home/axing/ansible/test/",
"size": 4096,
"state": "directory",
"uid": 0
}
axing@Bastion_LD8:~/ansible$ ls
test
这里对目录操作，所以使用state=directory， 如果建立一个文件，则使用 state=touch参数
axing@Bastion_LD8:~/ansible$ sudo ansible localhost -m file -a "path=/home/axing/ansible/test/01 state=touch"
[WARNING]: provided hosts list is empty, only localhost is available. Note
that the implicit localhost does not match 'all'
localhost | CHANGED => {
"changed": true,
"dest": "/home/axing/ansible/test/01",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 0,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
axing@Bastion_LD8:~/ansible$ ls test -ls
total 0
0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 31 16:22 01
可以看到命令都成功执行了。