一 . 数据库迁移
flask_script Manager 扩展包 通过命令行的方式导入参数
python manager.py runserver -host ip地址
flask_script配合迁移数据库命令使用 flask_migrate
pip install -i flask-migrate 使用国内镜像
操作数据库的指令
python manager.py runserver
创建扩展命令
app.add_command('db',MigradeCommand)
python manager.py db init 初始化数据库
python manager.py db migrate 生成迁移文件
python manager.py db upgrade 进行迁移数据库
修改表之后
python manager.py migrate
python manager.py upgrade
#直接降级到某个版本
python manager.py downgrade
二 *** 没有迁移命令 只是邮件创建数据库命令
from flaskimport Flask
from flask_sqlalchemyimport SQLAlchemy
app=Flask(__name__)
class Config(object):
DEBUG=True
SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI='mysql://root:root@localhost:3306/flask01'
SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS=True
SQLALCHEMY_COMMIT_ON_TEAR=True
SQLALCHEMY_ECHO=True
app.config.from_object(Config)
db=SQLAlchemy(app)
class Roles(db.Model):
__tablename__='roles'
id=db.Column(db.Integer,autoincrement=True,primary_key=True)
name=db.Column(db.String(20),nullable=False)
def __init__(self,name):
self.name=name
def __str__(self):
return "roles***name %s" %self.name
@app.route('/')
def index():
return '
使用manager扩展命令来迁移数据库
'if __name__ =='__main__':
db.create_all()
app.run()
控制台显示创建数据库
D:\python\first_flask\Scripts\python.exe D:/Flask项目设计/review_first/apps.py
2020-09-06 22:36:25,018 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'sql_mode'
2020-09-06 22:36:25,018 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:36:25,021 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'lower_case_table_names'
2020-09-06 22:36:25,021 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:36:25,025 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT DATABASE()
2020-09-06 22:36:25,025 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:36:25,026 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine show collation where `Charset` = 'utf8mb4' and `Collation` = 'utf8mb4_bin'
2020-09-06 22:36:25,026 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:36:25,028 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT CAST('test plain returns' AS CHAR(60)) AS anon_1
2020-09-06 22:36:25,028 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:36:25,029 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT CAST('test unicode returns' AS CHAR(60)) AS anon_1
2020-09-06 22:36:25,029 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:36:25,030 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT CAST('test collated returns' AS CHAR CHARACTER SET utf8mb4) COLLATE utf8mb4_bin AS anon_1
2020-09-06 22:36:25,030 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:36:25,032 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine DESCRIBE `roles`
2020-09-06 22:36:25,032 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
* Serving Flask app "apps" (lazy loading)
* Environment: production
WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment.
Use a production WSGI server instead.
* Debug mode: on
* Restarting with stat
2020-09-06 22:36:27,347 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'sql_mode'
2020-09-06 22:36:27,347 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:36:27,350 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'lower_case_table_names'
2020-09-06 22:36:27,351 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:36:27,354 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT DATABASE()
2020-09-06 22:36:27,354 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:36:27,355 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine show collation where `Charset` = 'utf8mb4' and `Collation` = 'utf8mb4_bin'
2020-09-06 22:36:27,355 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:36:27,357 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT CAST('test plain returns' AS CHAR(60)) AS anon_1
2020-09-06 22:36:27,357 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:36:27,358 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT CAST('test unicode returns' AS CHAR(60)) AS anon_1
2020-09-06 22:36:27,358 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:36:27,358 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT CAST('test collated returns' AS CHAR CHARACTER SET utf8mb4) COLLATE utf8mb4_bin AS anon_1
2020-09-06 22:36:27,358 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:36:27,359 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine DESCRIBE `roles`
2020-09-06 22:36:27,360 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
* Debugger is active!
* Debugger PIN: 446-138-267
* Running on http://127.0.0.1:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
127.0.0.1 - - [06/Sep/2020 22:36:34] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
* Detected change in 'D:\\Flask项目设计\\review_first\\apps.py', reloading
* Restarting with stat
2020-09-06 22:37:32,357 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'sql_mode'
2020-09-06 22:37:32,357 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:37:32,361 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'lower_case_table_names'
2020-09-06 22:37:32,361 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:37:32,364 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT DATABASE()
2020-09-06 22:37:32,364 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:37:32,365 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine show collation where `Charset` = 'utf8mb4' and `Collation` = 'utf8mb4_bin'
2020-09-06 22:37:32,365 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:37:32,366 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT CAST('test plain returns' AS CHAR(60)) AS anon_1
2020-09-06 22:37:32,367 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:37:32,367 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT CAST('test unicode returns' AS CHAR(60)) AS anon_1
2020-09-06 22:37:32,367 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:37:32,368 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT CAST('test collated returns' AS CHAR CHARACTER SET utf8mb4) COLLATE utf8mb4_bin AS anon_1
2020-09-06 22:37:32,368 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:37:32,369 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine DESCRIBE `roles`
2020-09-06 22:37:32,369 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
数据库创建之后
显示数据库内容和结构
三 **** 使用迁移命令来迁移数据库
from flaskimport Flask
from flask_scriptimport Manager
from flask_sqlalchemyimport SQLAlchemy
from flask_migrateimport Migrate,MigrateCommand
app=Flask(__name__)
manager=Manager(app)
db=SQLAlchemy()
migrate=Migrate(app,db)
manager.add_command('db',MigrateCommand)
class Config(object):
DEBUG=True
SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI='mysql://root:root@localhost:3306/flask01'
SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS=True
SQLALCHEMY_COMMIT_ON_TEAR=True
SQLALCHEMY_ECHO=True
app.config.from_object(Config)
db=SQLAlchemy(app)
class Roles(db.Model):
__tablename__='roles'
id=db.Column(db.Integer,autoincrement=True,primary_key=True)
name=db.Column(db.String(20),nullable=False)
def __init__(self,name):
self.name=name
def __str__(self):
return "roles***name %s" %self.name
@app.route('/')
def index():
return '
使用manager扩展命令来迁移数据库
'if __name__ =='__main__':
db.create_all()
manager.run()
控制台显示
(first_flask) D:\Flask项目设计\review_first>python apps.py db init
2020-09-06 22:45:40,081 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'sql_mode'
2020-09-06 22:45:40,082 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:45:40,085 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'lower_case_table_
names'
2020-09-06 22:45:40,085 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:45:40,089 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT DATABASE()
2020-09-06 22:45:40,089 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:45:40,092 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine show collation where `Charset` = 'utf8
mb4' and `Collation` = 'utf8mb4_bin'
2020-09-06 22:45:40,092 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:45:40,096 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT CAST('test plain returns' AS CH
AR(60)) AS anon_1
2020-09-06 22:45:40,097 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:45:40,100 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT CAST('test unicode returns' AS
CHAR(60)) AS anon_1
2020-09-06 22:45:40,101 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:45:40,104 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT CAST('test collated returns' AS
CHAR CHARACTER SET utf8mb4) COLLATE utf8mb4_bin AS anon_1
2020-09-06 22:45:40,104 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:45:40,107 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine DESCRIBE `roles`
2020-09-06 22:45:40,107 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
Creating directory D:\Flask项目设计\review_first\migrations ... done
Creating directory D:\Flask项目设计\review_first\migrations\versions ... done
Generating D:\Flask项目设计\review_first\migrations\alembic.ini ... done
Generating D:\Flask项目设计\review_first\migrations\env.py ... done
Generating D:\Flask项目设计\review_first\migrations\README ... done
Generating D:\Flask项目设计\review_first\migrations\script.py.mako ... done
Please edit configuration/connection/logging settings in 'D:\\Flask项目设计\\review_first\\migrat
ions\\alembic.ini' before proceeding.
(first_flask) D:\Flask项目设计\review_first>python apps.py db migrate
2020-09-06 22:46:30,307 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'sql_mode'
2020-09-06 22:46:30,307 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:46:30,311 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'lower_case_table_
names'
2020-09-06 22:46:30,312 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:46:30,315 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT DATABASE()
2020-09-06 22:46:30,316 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:46:30,318 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine show collation where `Charset` = 'utf8
mb4' and `Collation` = 'utf8mb4_bin'
2020-09-06 22:46:30,319 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:46:30,321 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT CAST('test plain returns' AS CH
AR(60)) AS anon_1
2020-09-06 22:46:30,322 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:46:30,323 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT CAST('test unicode returns' AS
CHAR(60)) AS anon_1
2020-09-06 22:46:30,323 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:46:30,325 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT CAST('test collated returns' AS
CHAR CHARACTER SET utf8mb4) COLLATE utf8mb4_bin AS anon_1
2020-09-06 22:46:30,325 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:46:30,327 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine DESCRIBE `roles`
2020-09-06 22:46:30,327 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Context impl MySQLImpl.
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Will assume non-transactional DDL.
INFO [alembic.autogenerate.compare] Detected removed table 'roles'
Generating D:\Flask项目设计\review_first\migrations\versions\4499effb3483_.py ... done
(first_flask) D:\Flask项目设计\review_first>python apps.py upgrade
2020-09-06 22:47:16,973 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'sql_mode'
2020-09-06 22:47:16,974 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:47:16,977 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'lower_case_table_
names'
2020-09-06 22:47:16,978 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:47:16,982 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT DATABASE()
2020-09-06 22:47:16,983 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:47:16,984 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine show collation where `Charset` = 'utf8
mb4' and `Collation` = 'utf8mb4_bin'
2020-09-06 22:47:16,985 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:47:16,987 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT CAST('test plain returns' AS CH
AR(60)) AS anon_1
2020-09-06 22:47:16,988 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:47:16,990 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT CAST('test unicode returns' AS
CHAR(60)) AS anon_1
2020-09-06 22:47:16,990 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:47:16,993 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT CAST('test collated returns' AS
CHAR CHARACTER SET utf8mb4) COLLATE utf8mb4_bin AS anon_1
2020-09-06 22:47:16,993 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:47:16,995 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine DESCRIBE `roles`
2020-09-06 22:47:16,995 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
usage: apps.py [-?] {db,shell,runserver} ...
apps.py: error: invalid choice: 'upgrade' (choose from 'db', 'shell', 'runserver')
(first_flask) D:\Flask项目设计\review_first>python apps.py db upgrade
2020-09-06 22:47:25,474 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'sql_mode'
2020-09-06 22:47:25,474 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:47:25,479 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'lower_case_table_
names'
2020-09-06 22:47:25,479 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:47:25,483 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT DATABASE()
2020-09-06 22:47:25,484 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:47:25,485 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine show collation where `Charset` = 'utf8
mb4' and `Collation` = 'utf8mb4_bin'
2020-09-06 22:47:25,485 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:47:25,487 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT CAST('test plain returns' AS CH
AR(60)) AS anon_1
2020-09-06 22:47:25,488 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:47:25,489 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT CAST('test unicode returns' AS
CHAR(60)) AS anon_1
2020-09-06 22:47:25,490 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:47:25,492 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT CAST('test collated returns' AS
CHAR CHARACTER SET utf8mb4) COLLATE utf8mb4_bin AS anon_1
2020-09-06 22:47:25,493 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:47:25,496 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine DESCRIBE `roles`
2020-09-06 22:47:25,496 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Context impl MySQLImpl.
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Will assume non-transactional DDL.
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade -> 4499effb3483, empty message
(first_flask) D:\Flask项目设计\review_first>python apps.py db upgrade
2020-09-06 22:47:25,474 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'sql_mode'
2020-09-06 22:47:25,474 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:47:25,479 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'lower_case_table_
names'
2020-09-06 22:47:25,479 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:47:25,483 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT DATABASE()
2020-09-06 22:47:25,484 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:47:25,485 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine show collation where `Charset` = 'utf8
mb4' and `Collation` = 'utf8mb4_bin'
2020-09-06 22:47:25,485 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:47:25,487 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT CAST('test plain returns' AS CH
AR(60)) AS anon_1
2020-09-06 22:47:25,488 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:47:25,489 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT CAST('test unicode returns' AS
CHAR(60)) AS anon_1
2020-09-06 22:47:25,490 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:47:25,492 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine SELECT CAST('test collated returns' AS
CHAR CHARACTER SET utf8mb4) COLLATE utf8mb4_bin AS anon_1
2020-09-06 22:47:25,493 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
2020-09-06 22:47:25,496 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine DESCRIBE `roles`
2020-09-06 22:47:25,496 INFO sqlalchemy.engine.base.Engine ()
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Context impl MySQLImpl.
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Will assume non-transactional DDL.
INFO [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade -> 4499effb3483, empty message