EventBus 开源库学习(一)

一、概念

EventBus是一款在 Android 开发中使用的发布-订阅事件总线框架,基于观察者模式,将事件的接收者和发送者解耦,简化了组件之间的通信,使用简单、效率高、体积小。

一句话:用于Android组件间通信的。

二、原理

image.png

三、简单使用

  • 在app module的builde.gradle文件中导入依赖库:
implementation 'org.greenrobot:eventbus:3.3.1'
  • 配置混淆
-keepattributes *Annotation*
-keepclassmembers class * {
    @org.greenrobot.eventbus.Subscribe ;
}
-keep enum org.greenrobot.eventbus.ThreadMode { *; }
# Only required if you use AsyncExecutor
-keepclassmembers class * extends org.greenrobot.eventbus.util.ThrowableFailureEvent {
    (java.lang.Throwable);
}

1、订阅者EventBusService后台注册,前台EventBusActivity 发送的数据。注册以后一定要记得解注册,否则会内存泄漏。onMsgEventReceived是接收消息的方法,该方法定义需要注意:

  • 该方法有且仅有一个参数;
  • 必须用public修饰,不能使用static或者abstract
  • 需要添加@Subscribe()注解;
public class EventBusService extends Service {
    private static final String TAG = "Test_EventBusService";

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
        //注册数据监听
        EventBus.getDefault().register(this);
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }

    @Subscribe
    public void onMsgEventReceived(String msg) {
        Log.i(TAG, "String msg: " + msg);
    }

    @Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.MAIN, sticky = true, priority = 1)
    public void onMsgEventReceived(MsgEvent event) {
        Log.i(TAG, "MsgEvent msg: " + event.getMsg());
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        //解注册数据监听
        EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this);
    }
}

2、前台Activity在按钮点击的时候发送信息到后台Service。

public class EventBusActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private static final String TAG = "Test_EventBusActivity";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_event_bus);

        Button msg1Btn = findViewById(R.id.btn1);
        Button msg2Btn = findViewById(R.id.btn2);

        msg1Btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                //发送数据给监听者
                EventBus.getDefault().post("msg1 - coming!!!");
            }
        });

        msg2Btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                //发送数据给监听者
                MsgEvent event = new MsgEvent("msg2 - coming!!!");
                EventBus.getDefault().post(event);
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
    }
}

3、MsgEvent数据类型。

public class MsgEvent {
    private String msg;

    public MsgEvent(String msg) {
        this.msg = msg;
    }

    public String getMsg() {
        return msg;
    }

    public void setMsg(String msg) {
        this.msg = msg;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "MsgEvent{" +
                "msg='" + msg + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

4、运行结果


运行结果.png

四、Subscribe注解

Subscribe是EventBus自定义的注解,共有三个参数(可选):ThreadModeboolean stickyint priority

    @Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.MAIN, sticky = true, priority = 1)
    public void onMsgEventReceived(MsgEvent event) {
        Toast.makeText(this, event.getMsg(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
    }

1、ThreadMode取值:

  • ThreadMode.POSTING:默认的线程模式,在哪个线程发送事件就在对应线程处理事件。避免了线程切换,效率高。

代码测试:

#EventBusActivity 
msg1Btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                //发送数据给监听者
                new Thread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        Log.i(TAG, "post thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
                        EventBus.getDefault().post("msg1 - coming!!!");
                    }
                }).start();

            }
        });

#EventBusService
@Subscribe
public void onMsgEventReceived(String msg) {
    Log.i(TAG, "onMsgEventReceived thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
    Log.i(TAG, "String msg: " + msg);
}

post的动作放到子线程中,结果如下,在哪个线程发送,就会在哪个线程执行:

Thread.POSTING.png

  • ThreadMode.MAIN:如在主线程(UI线程)发送事件,则直接在主线程处理事件;如果在子线程发送事件,则先将事件入队列,然后通过Handler切换到主线程,依次处理事件。

该模式下,在主线程(UI线程)发送事件,则直接在主线程处理事件,如果处理方法中有耗时操作就会堵塞进程。

代码测试1:

#EventBusActivity 
msg1Btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                //发送数据给监听者
                new Thread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        Log.i(TAG, "post thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
                        EventBus.getDefault().post("msg1 - coming!!!");
                    }
                }).start();

            }
        });

#EventBusService
@Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.MAIN)
public void onMsgEventReceived(String msg) {
    Log.i(TAG, "onMsgEventReceived thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
    Log.i(TAG, "String msg: " + msg);
}

发送post代码放到子线程中,处理事件代码加上ThreadMode.MAIN注解参数,结果如下,可以用在子线程处理耗时操作,然后返回值需要切回到主线程刷新UI的场景:

Thread.MAIN.png

代码测试2:

#EventBusActivity 
msg1Btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                //发送数据给监听者
                Log.i(TAG, "post thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
                EventBus.getDefault().post("msg1 - coming!!!");
                Log.i(TAG, "post thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
                EventBus.getDefault().post("msg1-1 - coming!!!");
            }
        });

#EventBusService
@Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.MAIN)
public void onMsgEventReceived(String msg) {
    Log.i(TAG, "onMsgEventReceived thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
    Log.i(TAG, "String msg: " + msg);
    try {
        Thread.sleep(2 * 1000);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

发送post放在主线程并连续发送两次,接收事件的函数加上耗时操作,运行结果如下,两次post打印就相隔2s,第二次post需要等第一次事件接收处理完以后才能发出,所以主线程会阻塞:

Thread.MAIN_阻塞.png

同样修改下发出post的代码放到子线程后没有这个问题,结果如下:

Thread.MAIN_子线程非阻塞.png

  • ThreadMode.MAIN_ORDERED:无论在那个线程发送事件,都先将事件入队列,然后通过 Handler 切换到主线程,依次处理事件。
    代码测试:
#EventBusActivity 
msg1Btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                //发送数据给监听者
                Log.i(TAG, "post thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
                EventBus.getDefault().post("msg1 - coming!!!");
                Log.i(TAG, "post thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
                EventBus.getDefault().post("msg1-1 - coming!!!");
            }
        });

#EventBusService
@Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.MAIN_ORDERED)
public void onMsgEventReceived(String msg) {
    Log.i(TAG, "onMsgEventReceived thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
    Log.i(TAG, "String msg: " + msg);
    try {
        Thread.sleep(2 * 1000);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

代码和ThreadMode.MAIN测试2一样,只是将threadMode改为了MAIN_ORDERED,运行结果如下,两次post可以连续发出:

MAIN_ORDERED.png

  • ThreadMode.BACKGROUND:如果在主线程发送事件,则先将事件入队列,然后通过线程池依次处理事件;如果在子线程发送事件,则直接在发送事件的子线程处理事件。
    代码测试1:
msg1Btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                //发送数据给监听者
                Log.i(TAG, "post thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
                EventBus.getDefault().post("msg1 - coming!!!");
            }
        });

#EventBusService
@Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.BACKGROUND)
public void onMsgEventReceived(String msg) {
    Log.i(TAG, "onMsgEventReceived thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
    Log.i(TAG, "String msg: " + msg);
}

运行结果如下,主线程发送事件,线程池依次处理事件:


ThreadMode.BACKGROUND.png

代码测试2:

msg1Btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                //发送数据给监听者
                new Thread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        Log.i(TAG, "post thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
                        EventBus.getDefault().post("msg1 - coming!!!");
                    }
                }).start();
            }
        });

#EventBusService
@Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.BACKGROUND)
public void onMsgEventReceived(String msg) {
    Log.i(TAG, "onMsgEventReceived thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
    Log.i(TAG, "String msg: " + msg);
}

运行结果,子线程发送事件,则直接在发送事件的子线程处理事件:


ThreadMode.BACKGROUND_子线程.png
  • ThreadMode.ASYNC:无论在那个线程发送事件,都将事件入队列,然后通过线程池处理。
    代码测试1:
msg1Btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                //发送数据给监听者
                Log.i(TAG, "post thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
                EventBus.getDefault().post("msg1 - coming!!!");
            }
        });

#EventBusService
@Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.ASYNC)
public void onMsgEventReceived(String msg) {
    Log.i(TAG, "onMsgEventReceived thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
    Log.i(TAG, "String msg: " + msg);
}

运行结果,主线程发送,线程池处理:


ThreadMode.ASYNC_主线程.png

代码测试2:

msg1Btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                //发送数据给监听者
                new Thread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        Log.i(TAG, "post thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
                        EventBus.getDefault().post("msg1 - coming!!!");
                    }
                }).start();
            }
        });

#EventBusService
@Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.ASYNC)
public void onMsgEventReceived(String msg) {
    Log.i(TAG, "onMsgEventReceived thread: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
    Log.i(TAG, "String msg: " + msg);
}

运行结果,子线程发送,线程池处理:


ThreadMode.ASYNC_子线程.png

2、sticky:

sticky是否为粘性监听,boolean类型,默认值为false。正常我们都是先订阅,才能接收到发出的事件,sticky的作用就是订阅者可以先不进行注册,事件先发出,再注册订阅者,同样可以接收到事件,并进行处理。

3、priority:

priority是优先级,int类型,默认值为0。值越大,优先级越高,越优先接收到事件。值得注意的是,只有在post事件和事件接收处理,处于同一个线程环境的时候,才有意义。

参考文章
EventBus详解 (详解 + 原理)

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