Palybook组层部分
tasks 任务 | 包含要在目标主机上执行的操作,使用模块定义这些操作,每个任务都是一个模块的调用 |
variables | 变量:存储和传递数据,变量可以自定义,可以在palybook当中定义为全局变量,也可以在外部传参 |
templates | 模版:用于生产配置文件,模版是包含占位符的文件,占位符由ansible在执行时转换为变量值 |
handlers | 处理器:当需要有变更的时候,可以执行触发器 |
roles | 角色:是一种组织和封装palybook的,允许把相关的任务变量,模版和处理器组织成一个可复用的单元 |
- name: first play
#一个name就是一个任务名,名字可以不写,
gather_facts: false
#是否收集目标主机的系统信息,false就是不收集,最好不写。
hosts: 192.168.233.12
#执行的目标主机
remote_user: root
#在目标主机执行的用户
tasks:
- name: ping test
ping:
- name: close selinux
command: '/sbin/setenforce 0'
ignore_errors: True
- name: close firewalld
service: name=firewalld state=stopped
- name: install httpd
yum: name=httpd
- name: start httpd
service: enabled=true name=httpd state=started
- name: editon index.html
shell: echo "this is httpd" > /var/www/html/index.html
notify: restart httpd
handlers:
- name: restart httpd
service: name=httpd state=restarted
[root@docker1 opt]# ansible-playbook test1.yaml --syntax-check
#检查配置文件是否有错误
[root@docker1 opt]# ansible-playbook test1.yaml --list-task
#检查生效的目标主机
[root@docker1 opt]# ansible-playbook test1.yaml
#运行剧本文件
[root@docker1 opt]# ansible-playbook test1.yaml --start-at-task='install httpd'
#指定运行剧本第几行
如需要切换用户在配置文件中写入
remote_user: dn
become: yes
become_ser: root
vim /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
71行取消注释
vim /etc/ansible/hosts
[dbservers]
192.168.233.12 ansible_user=root ansible_password=123
需要声明ip地址与主机名
ansible-playbook test1.yaml -u root -k
#密码需要手动输入
- hosts: 192.168.233.12
remote_user: root
vars:
groupname: guoqi
username: wangdefu
tasks:
- name: create group
group:
name: "{{ groupname }}"
system: yes
gid: 111
- name: create user
user:
name: "{{ username }}"
uid: 1011
group: "{{ groupname }}"
shell: /sbin/nologin
- name: copy file
copy:
content: "{{ hostvars[inventory_hostname]['ansible_default_ipv4']['address']}}"
dest: /opt/ky32.txt
#获取目标主机的ip地址,然后打印出来,这里是否获取主机的信息否被删除掉,如果无法获取主机的信息,就会报错
[root@docker1 opt]# ansible-playbook test2.yaml -e 'username=yst groupname=ymr'
#在外面传参
playbook的条件判断
when是一个比较常见的应用场景,实现满足条件即执行,不满足条件即跳过的任务
when是满足条件即执行,不满足不执行
格式
- hosts: 192.168.233.12
#可以用主机的ip地址,也可以是用组名,也可以用all
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: test when
debug:
msg: '位置判断'
when: ansible_default_ipv4.address == '192.168.233.20'
#when: inventory_hostname !== '192.168.233.20'
#作用相同
#debug=echo msg=输出的内容,用于脚本的调试,在正式脚本中可以去除
练习
条件1 ip=10安装nginx ,条件2 ip=20安装httpd
版本1
- hosts: all
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: nginx
yum: name=nginx
when: ansible_default_ipv4.address == '192.168.233.12'
- name: httpd
yum: name=httpd
when: ansible_default_ipv4.address == '192.168.233.13'
版本2
- hosts: all
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: nginx
yum: name=nginx
- name: nginx ifo
debug:
msg: "安装nginx"
when: ansible_default_ipv4.address == '192.168.233.12'
- name: httpd
yum: name=httpd
- name: httpd info
debug:
msy: "安装httpd"
when: ansible_default_ipv4.address == '192.168.233.13'
ansible有多种循环格式,with_items 循环遍历
- hosts: 192.168.233.12
remote_user: root
gather_facts: false
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "{{ item }}"
with_items: [a,b,c,d]
#声明变量item,playbook的内置变量,with_item,会把item的值,遍历列表当中的a,b,c,d
- hosts: 192.168.233.12
remote_user: root
gather_facts: false
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "{{ item }}"
with_items:
- [a,b,c,d]
- [1,2,3,4]
#这里会被当成一个整体,虽然声明的列表是两个,但是wiith——items还是把两个列表当成整体进行遍历
- hosts: 192.168.233.12
remote_user: root
gather_facts: false
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "{{ item }}"
with_list:
- [a,b,c,d]
- [1,2,3,4]
#这里会被分组打印,一个列表打印一组
- hosts: 192.168.233.12
remote_user: root
gather_facts: false
tasks:
- name: create file
file:
path: "{{ item }}"
state: touch
with_items:
- [/opt/a,/opt/b,/opt/c,/opt/d]
- [/opt/1,/opt/2,/opt/3,/opt/4]
#分组创建文件
- hosts: 192.168.233.12
remote_user: root
gather_facts: false
tasks:
- debug:
msg: "{{ item }}"
with_together:
- [a,b,c,d]
- [1,2,3,4]
#组合输出,一一对应,列表组循环,如果没有组合会输出null
#列表里面的元素定义了循环的次数,第二层列表,相当于内循环
with_items:最常用的
with_list:列别分组循环
with_together:列表对应的列,数据结合的方式循环
with_nested:相当于双层循环,第一层定义了循环的次数,第二层表示第一次的每个元素会循环几次
#基于循环,创建文件,目录,和用户组
- name: play1
hosts: 192.168.233.12
gather_facts: false
tasks:
- name: create group
group:
name: "{{ item }}"
state: present
with_items:
- 'dn1'
- 'dn2'
- name: create user
user:
name: "{{ item.name }}"
state: present
groups: "{{ item.groups }}"
with_items:
- {name: 'test1', groups: 'dn1'}
- {name: 'test2', groups: 'dn2'}
yum 一键安装多个软件 tree sl nginx httpd vsftpd dhcp
- name: play2
hosts: 192.168.233.12
gather_facts: false
tasks:
- name: create tree sl nginx httpd vsftpd dhcp
yum:
name: "{{ item }}"
with_list:
- tree
- sl
- nginx
- httpd
- vsftpd
- dhcp