MongoDB在不特殊指认的情况下,默认的集合主键是“_id”,类型是ObjectId。ObjectId是一个12字节的BSON类型字符串,包含了UNIX时间戳,机器识别码,进程号,计数值信息。机器码用来防止分布式系统生成id时冲突的问题,保证每台机器生成的识别码不同,进程号保证多线程情况下生成的id不同。
ObjectId在java程序中是对象类型,JavaBean中常这样使用:
@Document(collection = "c_userinfo")
public class UserInfo{
@Id
private ObjectId id;
private String name;
// getter setter略
}
此时,如果直接实体类序列化为json,id将被作为对象处理,前段无法将此对象转为字符串,也无法将此id作为唯一标识调用其他数据。
{
id: {
"time": 1494233455000,
"timestamp": 1494233455,
"date": 1494233455000,
"new": false,
"timeSecond": 1494233455,
"inc": -125534200,
"machine": -1248386109
}
}
故有时需要将ObjectId的序列化做处理,将ObjectId直接序列化为字符串。
以springmvc为例,在接口返回数据前统一处理序列化问题。自定义类实现ResponseBodyAdvice接口,重写beforeBodyWrite方法,自定义序列化方法。
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.serializer.SerializeConfig;
import org.bson.types.ObjectId;
import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpRequest;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ResponseBodyAdvice;
@ControllerAdvice
public class MyResponseBodyAdvice implements ResponseBodyAdvice
然后实现一个ObjectIdJsonSerializer
import com.alibaba.fastjson.serializer.JSONSerializer;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.serializer.ObjectSerializer;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.serializer.SerializeWriter;
import org.bson.types.ObjectId;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
public class ObjectIdJsonSerializer implements ObjectSerializer {
@Override
public void write(JSONSerializer serializer, Object object, Object fieldName, Type fieldType,int features) throws IOException {
SerializeWriter out = serializer.getWriter();
if (object == null) {
serializer.getWriter().writeNull();
return;
}
out.write("\"" + ((ObjectId) object).toString() + "\"");
}
}
这样处理后接口返回的id将变成字符串类型。
{
"id":"5ae078ada0f091000be702b8"
}
同理spring mvc对于Date类型的输出默认为时间戳格式,我们可以自定义输出为格式化字符串,这样可以免去在前端格式化处理。需要在MyResponseBodyAdvice 中注册DateJsonSerializer 。
import com.alibaba.fastjson.serializer.JSONSerializer;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.serializer.ObjectSerializer;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.serializer.SerializeWriter;
import org.bson.types.ObjectId;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.Date;
public class DateJsonSerializer implements ObjectSerializer {
@Override
public void write(JSONSerializer serializer, Object object, Object fieldName, Type fieldType,int features) throws IOException {
SerializeWriter out = serializer.getWriter();
if (object == null) {
serializer.getWriter().writeNull();
return;
}
out.write("\"" + DateUtil.format(((Date)object),"yyyy-MM-dd: HH:mm:ss") + "\"");
}
}