C++问题汇总（自用）
1.vs中const char *”类型的值不能用于初始化“char *”类型的实体错误
解决方法:
项目->属性->C/C++->语言->符合模式，将符合模式由是改为否
原因:
2.关于vscode 多文件编译的问题
2.1.vscode如果想编译这样的结构:
那么他的task.json中编译必须编译涉及到main.cpp 和 .cpp文件就可以
只编译main.cpp 和 .h是不行的, main.cpp 会自动寻找.h文件 所以再加上.cpp就可以了 不用单独引入.h文件(前提系统也能include到, 如果引入不到, 就要 g++编译时候 加上参数 -I)
像这样:g++ main3.cpp -I./enc -lpthread -o main (一个是 大写的i 一个是小写的l)
vscode 报错:
This may occur if the process’s executable was changed after the process wasstarted, such as when installing an update. Try re-launching the application orrestarting the machine.
解决方法:
这个不是由vscode造成的，这个是mingw的gdb本身不支持中文路径名造成的，如果你要用gdb调试的话就不能有中文字符出现在路径名里
文件名不能以中文命名，改成英文就OK了!
我自己的vscode配置:（更新于2022-12-10）
Winodws:
c_cpp_properties.json
//Visual Studio Code 中 C/C++ 扩展使用的配置文件，用于指定 C/C++ 项目的一些配置信息，
//包括编译器路径、标准版本、头文件路径等
{
"configurations": [
{
"name": "zhangdaxian-2022-11-11",
"includePath": [
"${workspaceFolder}/**" //此处会匹配工作文件下的所有文件
//添加"compilerPath"后,系统include路径可不写明
],
"defines": [
"_DEBUG",
"UNICODE",
"_UNICODE",
"_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS"
],
"windowsSdkVersion": "10.0.19041.0",
"cStandard": "c17", //C标准的版本
"cppStandard": "c++17" , //C++标准的版本
"compilerPath": "D:\\mingw64\\bin\\g++.exe" //编译器的路径
}
],
"version": 4
}
//c_cpp_properties.json 主要用来设置包含头文件的路径，设置 C/C++ 支持的版本号等等 https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/cpp/c-cpp-properties-schema-referencesettings.json
{
"C_Cpp.default.intelliSenseMode": "gcc-x64",
"C_Cpp.default.compilerPath": "D:\\mingw64\\bin\\g++.exe",
"C_Cpp.default.cppStandard": "c++17",
"debug.onTaskErrors": "abort",
"files.associations": {
"iostream": "cpp",
"ostream": "cpp",
"numeric": "cpp",
"array": "cpp",
"atomic": "cpp",
"*.tcc": "cpp",
"cctype": "cpp",
"clocale": "cpp",
"cmath": "cpp",
"cstdarg": "cpp",
"cstddef": "cpp",
"cstdint": "cpp",
"cstdio": "cpp",
"cstdlib": "cpp",
"ctime": "cpp",
"cwchar": "cpp",
"cwctype": "cpp",
"deque": "cpp",
"unordered_map": "cpp",
"vector": "cpp",
"exception": "cpp",
"algorithm": "cpp",
"functional": "cpp",
"iterator": "cpp",
"memory": "cpp",
"memory_resource": "cpp",
"optional": "cpp",
"random": "cpp",
"string": "cpp",
"string_view": "cpp",
"system_error": "cpp",
"tuple": "cpp",
"type_traits": "cpp",
"utility": "cpp",
"fstream": "cpp",
"initializer_list": "cpp",
"iosfwd": "cpp",
"istream": "cpp",
"limits": "cpp",
"new": "cpp",
"sstream": "cpp",
"stdexcept": "cpp",
"streambuf": "cpp",
"typeinfo": "cpp",
"chrono": "cpp",
"valarray": "cpp",
"iomanip": "cpp",
"bitset": "cpp",
"cfenv": "cpp",
"charconv": "cpp",
"cinttypes": "cpp",
"codecvt": "cpp",
"complex": "cpp",
"condition_variable": "cpp",
"csetjmp": "cpp",
"csignal": "cpp",
"cstring": "cpp",
"cuchar": "cpp",
"forward_list": "cpp",
"list": "cpp",
"unordered_set": "cpp",
"map": "cpp",
"ratio": "cpp",
"regex": "cpp",
"set": "cpp",
"future": "cpp",
"mutex": "cpp",
"scoped_allocator": "cpp",
"shared_mutex": "cpp",
"thread": "cpp",
"typeindex": "cpp",
"stack": "cpp",
"cassert": "cpp",
"ccomplex": "cpp",
"cerrno": "cpp",
"cfloat": "cpp",
"ciso646": "cpp",
"climits": "cpp",
"cstdalign": "cpp",
"cstdbool": "cpp",
"ctgmath": "cpp",
"filesystem": "cpp",
"ios": "cpp",
"locale": "cpp",
"queue": "cpp",
"*.rh": "cpp"
},
"window.zoomLevel": -1
}task.json 负责编译
{
"version": "2.0.0",
"tasks": [
{
"type": "shell",// 可以为shell或process，前者相当于先打开shell再输入命令，后者是直接运行命令
"label": "g++.exe build active file",// 任务名称，与launch.json的preLaunchTask相对应
"command": "D:\\mingw64\\bin\\g++.exe", // 要使用的编译器
"args": [
"-g",// 生成和调试有关的信息
"-Wall", // 开启额外警告pp
"-std=c++17",
"${fileDirname}\\*.cpp",
//"${fileDirname}\\*.h",
//"${file}", //当前打开正在编辑的文件名，包括绝对路径，文件名，文件后缀名
"-o",
"${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe",
//"-lws2_32",
],
"group": {
"kind": "build",
"isDefault": true// 设为false可做到一个tasks.json配置多个编译指令，需要自己修改本文件
},
"presentation": {
"echo": true, //控制执行的命令是否在终端中回显。默认为true。
"reveal": "always",// 在“终端”中显示编译信息的策略，可以为always，silent，never。具体参见VSC的文档:https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/editor/tasks#vscode
"focus": true, // 设为true后可以使执行task时焦点聚集在终端
"panel": "dedicated",// 不同的文件的编译信息共享一个终端面板
"showReuseMessage": false,
"clear": true //控制在运行此任务之前是否清除终端。默认为false。
},
"problemMatcher": [
"$gcc"
]
}
],
"options": {
"shell": {
"executable": "${env:SystemRoot}\\System32\\cmd.exe",
"args": [
"/c"
]
},
"env": {
"Path": "D:\\mingw64\\bin;${env:Path}"
}
}
}
${workspaceFolder} :表示当前workspace文件夹路径，也即/home/Coding/Test
${workspaceRootFolderName}:表示workspace的文件夹名，也即Test
${file}:文件自身的绝对路径，也即/home/Coding/Test/.vscode/tasks.json
${relativeFile}:文件在workspace中的路径，也即.vscode/tasks.json
${fileBasenameNoExtension}:当前文件的文件名，不带后缀，也即tasks
${fileBasename}:当前文件的文件名，tasks.json
${fileDirname}:文件所在的文件夹路径，也即/home/Coding/Test/.vscode
${fileExtname}:当前文件的后缀，也即.json
${lineNumber}:当前文件光标所在的行号
${env:PATH}:系统中的环境变量
launch.json
{
"version": "0.2.0",
"configurations": [
{
"name": "g++.exe build and debug active file", // 配置名称，将会在启动配置的下拉菜单中显示
"type": "cppdbg", // 配置类型，这里只能为cppdbg
"request": "launch", // 请求配置类型，可以为launch（启动）或attach（附加）
"program": "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe", // 将要进行调试的程序的路径 注意\\还是//就行(windows是\\)
"args": [], // 程序调试时传递给程序的命令行参数，一般设为空即可
"stopAtEntry": false, // 设为true时程序将暂停在程序入口处，一般设置为false
"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}", // 调试程序时的工作目录，一般为${workspaceFolder}即代码所在目录
"environment": [],
"externalConsole": false, // 调试时是否显示控制台窗口，一般设置为true显示控制台
"MIMode": "gdb",
"miDebuggerPath": "D:\\mingw64\\bin\\gdb.exe", // miDebugger的路径，注意这里要与MinGw的路径对应
"setupCommands": [
{
"description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
"text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
"ignoreFailures": true
}
],
"preLaunchTask": "g++.exe build active file", // 调试会话开始前执行的任务，一般为编译程序，c++为g++, c为gcc
"internalConsoleOptions": "neverOpen",
}
]
}linux:
c_cpp_properties.json
//Visual Studio Code 中 C/C++ 扩展使用的配置文件，用于指定 C/C++ 项目的一些配置信息，包括编译器路径、标准版本、头文件路径等
//这是本地的项目 跟编译和运行调试没什么关系
{
"configurations": [
{
"name": "zhangdaxian-2023-12-24",
"includePath": [
"${workspaceFolder}/**" //https://mp.csdn.net/mp_blog/creation/editor/127338387
],
"defines": [],
"compilerPath": "/usr/bin/g++",
"cStandard": "c17",
"cppStandard": "c++17",
"intelliSenseMode": "gcc-x64",
"browse": {
"path": [
"${workspaceFolder}"
],
"limitSymbolsToIncludedHeaders": true,
"databaseFilename": ""
}
}
],
"version": 4
}
//c_cpp_properties.json 主要用来设置包含头文件的路径，设置 C/C++ 支持的版本号等等 https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/cpp/c-cpp-properties-schema-referencelaunch.json
{
// Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
// Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
// For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
"version": "0.2.0",
"configurations": [
{
"name": "g++ - Build and debug active file", // 配置名称，将会在启动配置的下拉菜单中显示
"type": "cppdbg", // 配置类型，这里只能为cppdbg
"request": "launch", // 请求配置类型，可以为launch（启动）或attach（附加）
"program": "${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",// 将要进行调试的程序 注意linux和windows的区别就行
"args": [],// 程序调试时传递给程序的命令行参数，一般设为空即可
"stopAtEntry": true, // 设为true时程序将暂停在程序入口
"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",// 调试程序时的工作目录，一般为${workspaceFolder}即代码所在目录
"environment": [],
"externalConsole": false, // 调试时是否显示控制台窗口，一般设置为true显示控制台
"MIMode": "gdb",
"miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb", // miDebugger的路径
"setupCommands": [
{
"description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
"text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
"ignoreFailures": true
}
],
"preLaunchTask": "C/C++: g++ build active file", // 调试会话开始前执行的任务,一般为 编译程序task.json中的label
}
]
}setting.json
//配置用户首选项和扩展设置的文件
{
"C_Cpp.default.intelliSenseMode": "gcc-x64",
"C_Cpp.default.compilerPath": "/usr/bin/g++",
"C_Cpp.default.cppStandard": "c++17",
"debug.onTaskErrors": "abort",
"files.associations": {
"iostream": "cpp",
"ostream": "cpp",
"numeric": "cpp",
"array": "cpp",
"atomic": "cpp",
"*.tcc": "cpp",
"cctype": "cpp",
"clocale": "cpp",
"cmath": "cpp",
"cstdarg": "cpp",
"cstddef": "cpp",
"cstdint": "cpp",
"cstdio": "cpp",
"cstdlib": "cpp",
"ctime": "cpp",
"cwchar": "cpp",
"cwctype": "cpp",
"deque": "cpp",
"unordered_map": "cpp",
"vector": "cpp",
"exception": "cpp",
"algorithm": "cpp",
"functional": "cpp",
"iterator": "cpp",
"memory": "cpp",
"memory_resource": "cpp",
"optional": "cpp",
"random": "cpp",
"string": "cpp",
"string_view": "cpp",
"system_error": "cpp",
"tuple": "cpp",
"type_traits": "cpp",
"utility": "cpp",
"fstream": "cpp",
"initializer_list": "cpp",
"iosfwd": "cpp",
"istream": "cpp",
"limits": "cpp",
"new": "cpp",
"sstream": "cpp",
"stdexcept": "cpp",
"streambuf": "cpp",
"typeinfo": "cpp",
"chrono": "cpp",
"valarray": "cpp",
"iomanip": "cpp",
"bitset": "cpp",
"cfenv": "cpp",
"charconv": "cpp",
"cinttypes": "cpp",
"codecvt": "cpp",
"complex": "cpp",
"condition_variable": "cpp",
"csetjmp": "cpp",
"csignal": "cpp",
"cstring": "cpp",
"cuchar": "cpp",
"forward_list": "cpp",
"list": "cpp",
"unordered_set": "cpp",
"map": "cpp",
"ratio": "cpp",
"regex": "cpp",
"set": "cpp",
"future": "cpp",
"mutex": "cpp",
"scoped_allocator": "cpp",
"shared_mutex": "cpp",
"thread": "cpp",
"typeindex": "cpp",
"stack": "cpp",
"cassert": "cpp",
"ccomplex": "cpp",
"cerrno": "cpp",
"cfloat": "cpp",
"ciso646": "cpp",
"climits": "cpp",
"cstdalign": "cpp",
"cstdbool": "cpp",
"ctgmath": "cpp",
"filesystem": "cpp",
"ios": "cpp",
"locale": "cpp",
"queue": "cpp",
"*.rh": "cpp"
},
"window.zoomLevel": -1,
"files.exclude": {
"**/.exe": true
}
}
tasks.json
{
"version": "2.0.0",
"tasks": [
{
"type": "shell",// 可以为shell或process，前者相当于先打开shell再输入命令，后者是直接运行命令
"label": "C/C++: g++ build active file",// 任务名称，与launch.json的preLaunchTask相对应
"command": "/usr/bin/g++", //使用的编译器
"args": [
"-g",// 生成和调试有关的信息
"-Wall", // 开启额外警告pp
"-std=c++17",
"${fileDirname}/*.cpp",
//"${fileDirname}\\*.h",
//"${file}", //当前打开正在编辑的文件名，包括绝对路径，文件名，文件后缀名
"-o",
"${fileDirname}/${fileBasenameNoExtension}",
],
"detail": "compiler: /usr/bin/g++",
"group": {
"kind": "build",
"isDefault": true// 设为false可做到一个tasks.json配置多个编译指令，需要自己修改本文件
},
"presentation": {
"echo": true, //控制执行的命令是否在终端中回显。默认为true。
"reveal": "always",// 在“终端”中显示编译信息的策略，可以为always，silent，never。具体参见VSC的文档:https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/editor/tasks#vscode
"focus": true, // 设为true后可以使执行task时焦点聚集在终端
"panel": "dedicated",// 不同的文件的编译信息共享一个终端面板
"showReuseMessage": false,
"clear": true //控制在运行此任务之前是否清除终端。默认为false。
},
"problemMatcher": [
"$gcc"
]
}
],
"options": {
"shell": {
"executable": "/bin/bash", //指定使用 Bash 作为 shell
"args": ["-c"] //使用 -c 参数执行命令
},
"env": {
"PATH": "/usr/bin:${env:PATH}" //将 /usr/bin 添加到系统的 PATH 环境变量中
}
}
}