Django创建投票应用
目录
创建应用
创建模型mysite\\polls\\models.py
激活模型mysite\\setting.py
为模型的改变生成迁移文件
应用数据库迁移
创建管理员账号
管理投票应用mysite\\polls\\admin.py
添加视图mysite\\polls\\views.py
添加路径mysite\\polls\\urls.py
创建模版mysite\\polls\\templates\\polls\\index.html
启动开发服务器python manage.py runserver
关于数据库配置，更多内容请看在Django中配置PostgreSQL-CSDN博客
创建应用
python manage.py startapp polls创建模型
mysite\\polls\\models.py
from django.db import models
class Question(models.Model):
question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
pub_date = models.DateTimeField("date published")
class Choice(models.Model):
question = models.ForeignKey(Question, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
choice_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
votes = models.IntegerField(default=0)激活模型
mysite\\setting.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
"polls.apps.PollsConfig",
"django.contrib.admin",
"django.contrib.auth",
"django.contrib.contenttypes",
"django.contrib.sessions",
"django.contrib.messages",
"django.contrib.staticfiles",
]为模型的改变生成迁移文件
python manage.py makemigrations polls
应用数据库迁移
python manage.py migrate
创建管理员账号
python manage.py createsuperuser管理投票应用
mysite\\polls\\admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Question,Choice
# class ChoiceInline(admin.StackedInline):
# model = Choice
# extra = 3
# 通过 TabularInline （替代 StackedInline ） 单行显示关联
class ChoiceInline(admin.TabularInline):
model = Choice
extra = 3
class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
fieldsets = [
(None, {"fields": ["question_text"]}),
("Date information", {"fields": ["pub_date"], "classes": ["collapse"]}),
]
inlines = [ChoiceInline]
admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin)添加视图
mysite\\polls\\views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404,HttpResponseRedirect
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.urls import reverse
from .models import Question,Choice
def index(request):
latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by("-pub_date")[:5]
template = "polls/index.html"
context = {
"latest_question_list": latest_question_list,
}
return render(request,template,context)
def detail(request,question_id):
question = get_object_or_404(Question,pk=question_id)
template = "polls/detail.html"
context = {
"question":question,
}
return render(request,template,context)
def results(request, question_id):
question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
template = "polls/results.html"
context = {
"question": question,
}
return render(request,template,context)
def vote(request, question_id):
question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
try:
selected_choice = question.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST["choice"])
except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):
template = "polls/detail.html"
context = {
"question": question,
"error_message": "You didn't select a choice.",
}
return render(request,template,context)
else:
selected_choice.votes += 1
selected_choice.save()
return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse("polls:results", args=(question.id,)))添加路径
mysite\\polls\\urls.py
from django.urls import path
from . import views
app_name = "polls"
urlpatterns = [
path("", views.index, name="index"),
path("/", views.detail, name="detail"),
path("/results/", views.results, name="results"),
path("/vote/", views.vote, name="vote"),
] mysite\\urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include
urlpatterns = [
path("polls/",include("polls.urls")),
path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
]创建模版
mysite\\polls\\templates\\polls\\index.html
Document
{% if latest_question_list %}
{% for question in latest_question_list %}
- {{ question.question_text }}
{% endfor %}
{% else %}
No polls are available.
{% endif %}
mysite\\polls\\templates\\polls\\detail.html
Document
mysite\\polls\\templates\\polls\\results.html
Document
{{ question.question_text }}
{% for choice in question.choice_set.all %}
- {{ choice.choice_text }} -- {{ choice.votes }} vote{{ choice.votes|pluralize }}
{% endfor %}
Vote again?
启动开发服务器
python manage.py runserver
管理地址
http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/
应用地址
http://127.0.0.1:8000/polls/