16.使用NoSQL 技术
Spring Data提供了其他项目,可帮助您访问各种NoSQL技术,包括: MongoDB, Neo4J, Elasticsearch, Solr, Redis, Gemfire, Cassandra, Couchbase和LDAP。
16.1 Redis
Redis是一个缓存,消息代理和功能丰富的键值存储。Spring Boot为Lettuce和 Jedis客户端库提供了基本的自动配置, 并为Spring Data Redis提供了它们之外的抽象。
有一个spring-boot-starter-data-redis“Starter”用于以方便的方式收集依赖项。默认情况下,它使用 Lettuce。该启动器处理传统和反应应用程序。
在pom.xml中增加依赖包:
16.1.1安装Redis
Window版下载地址:https://github.com/MSOpenTech/redis/releases
16.1.2安装Redis客户端
下载地址:https://github.com/caoxinyu/RedisClient
16.1.3连接到Redis
你可以注入自动配置的RedisConnectionFactory。默认情况下,实例尝试连接到Redis服务器localhost:6379。以下清单显示了这样一个bean的示例:
@Componentpublic class MyBean {
private StringRedisTemplate template;
@Autowired
public MyBean(StringRedisTemplate template) {
this.template = template;
}
// ...
}
或者使用配置文件形式:
# Redis服务器主机
spring.redis.host=localhost
# Redis服务器的登录密码
spring.redis.password=
# Redis服务器端口
spring.redis.port=6379
# 连接超时时间
spring.redis.timeout=3000
# 允许缓存空值
spring.cache.redis.cache-null-values=true
# 键前缀
spring.cache.redis.key-prefix=#
# 条目过期时间。默认情况下,条目永不过期。
spring.cache.redis.time-to-live=10000
# 写入Redis时是否使用密钥前缀
spring.cache.redis.use-key-prefix=true
# 缓存类型。默认情况下,根据环境自动检测。
spring.cache.type=redis
16.1.4 Redis缓存
增加服务类,代码如下所示:
package com.example.demo.city;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.example.demo.DemoApplication;
@Service
public class CityService {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DemoApplication.class);
@Autowired // 这意味着要得到一个名为Cityrepository的存储库
private CityRepository cityRepository;
/**
* 根据主键查询单个城市
*
* @param id
* @return
*/
@Cacheable(value = "city")
public City findById(Long id) {
LOGGER.debug("从数据库根据主键查询单个城市...");
return cityRepository.findById(id).orElse(new City());
}
/**
* 查询所有城市列表
*
* @return
*/
@Cacheable(value = "cities")
public Iterable
LOGGER.debug("从数据库查询所有城市列表...");
return cityRepository.findAll();
}
}
修改控制器类,代码如下所示:
package com.example.demo.city;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.DeleteMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PutMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
/**
* 城市控制器
*
* @author 大强
*
*/
@Controller // 这意味着这个类是一个控制器
@RequestMapping(path = "/city") // 这意味着URL从/city开始(在应用程序路径之后)
public class CityController {
@Autowired // 这意味着要得到一个名为Cityrepository的存储库
private CityRepository cityRepository;
@Autowired
CityService cityService;
/**
* 根据主键查询单个城市
*
* @param id
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public @ResponseBody City getCity(@PathVariable Long id) {
return cityService.findById(id);
}
/**
* 查询所有城市列表
*
* @return
*/
@GetMapping(path = "/all")
public @ResponseBody Iterable
// 这将返回带有citys的JSON或XML
return cityService.findAll();
}
/**
* 新增城市
*
* @param name
* @param state
* @return
*/
@PostMapping(path = "/add") // 仅映射Post请求
public @ResponseBody String addCity(@RequestParam String name, @RequestParam String state) {
// @responseBody表示返回的是response,而不是视图名称
// @requestParam表示它是get或post请求的参数
City city = new City();
city.setName(name);
city.setState(state);
cityRepository.save(city);
return "新增城市成功";
}
/**
* 修改城市
*
* @param city
* @return
*/
@PutMapping(path = "/update") // 仅映射Put请求
public @ResponseBody String updateCity(@RequestBody City city) {
// @responseBody表示返回的是response,而不是视图名称
// @requestParam表示它是get或post请求的参数
cityRepository.save(city);
return "修改城市成功";
}
/**
* 删除城市
*
* @param id
* @return
*/
@DeleteMapping(path = "/{id}") // 仅映射Delete请求
public @ResponseBody String deleteCity(@PathVariable Long id) {
// @responseBody表示返回的是response,而不是视图名称
// @requestParam表示它是get或post请求的参数
City city = new City();
city.setId(id);
cityRepository.delete(city);
return "删除城市成功";
}
}
修改主类,代码如下所示:
package com.example.demo;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import com.example.demo.message.Receiver;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheManager;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheWriter;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.listener.PatternTopic;
import org.springframework.data.redis.listener.RedisMessageListenerContainer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.listener.adapter.MessageListenerAdapter;
/**
* Demo应用
*
* @author 大强
*
*/
@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
@EnableCaching
public class DemoApplication {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DemoApplication.class);
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
}
@Value("${name}")
private String name;
@RequestMapping("/")
String home() {
return "Hello " + name;
}
/**
* 缓存配置
*
* @param connectionFactory
* @return
*/
@Bean
public RedisCacheManager cacheManager(RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
RedisCacheConfiguration defaultCacheConfig = RedisCacheConfiguration.defaultCacheConfig()
.entryTtl(Duration.ofSeconds(30L)).disableCachingNullValues();
RedisCacheManager cacheManager = RedisCacheManager
.builder(RedisCacheWriter.lockingRedisCacheWriter(connectionFactory)).cacheDefaults(defaultCacheConfig)
.transactionAware().build();
return cacheManager;
}
}
常见问题
错误信息:
"status": 500,
"error": "Internal Server Error",
"message": "com.example.demo.city.City cannot be cast to com.example.demo.city.City",
解决办法:
注释掉pom.xml终端以下代码:
16.1.5 Redis消息
增加接收器类,代码如下所示:
package com.example.demo.message;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
/**
* 接收器
*
* @author 大强
*
*/
public class Receiver {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Receiver.class);
private CountDownLatch latch;
@Autowired
public Receiver(CountDownLatch latch) {
this.latch = latch;
}
public void receiveMessage(String message) {
LOGGER.info("收到消息:(" + message + ")");
latch.countDown();
}
}
增加消息控制器类,代码如下所示:
package com.example.demo.message;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
/**
* 消息控制器
*
* @author 大强
*
*/
@Controller
@RequestMapping(path = "/message")
public class MessageController {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MessageController.class);
@Autowired
StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;
@Autowired
CountDownLatch countDownLatch;
/**
* 发送消息
*
* @param message
*/
@RequestMapping(value = "/sending/{message}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public void sending(@PathVariable String message) {
LOGGER.info("发送消息...");
stringRedisTemplate.convertAndSend("chat", message);
try {
countDownLatch.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
// System.exit(0);
}
}
修改主类,代码如下所示:
package com.example.demo;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import com.example.demo.message.Receiver;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheManager;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheWriter;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.listener.PatternTopic;
import org.springframework.data.redis.listener.RedisMessageListenerContainer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.listener.adapter.MessageListenerAdapter;
/**
* Demo应用
*
* @author 大强
*
*/
@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
@EnableCaching
public class DemoApplication {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DemoApplication.class);
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
}
// ...
/**
* 消息配置
*
* @param connectionFactory
* @param listenerAdapter
* @return
*/
@Bean
RedisMessageListenerContainer container(RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory,
MessageListenerAdapter listenerAdapter) {
RedisMessageListenerContainer container = new RedisMessageListenerContainer();
container.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
container.addMessageListener(listenerAdapter, new PatternTopic("chat"));
return container;
}
/**
* 侦听适配器
*
* @param receiver
* @return
*/
@Bean
MessageListenerAdapter listenerAdapter(Receiver receiver) {
return new MessageListenerAdapter(receiver, "receiveMessage");
}
/**
* 接收器
*
* @param latch
* @return
*/
@Bean
Receiver receiver(CountDownLatch latch) {
return new Receiver(latch);
}
@Bean
CountDownLatch latch() {
return new CountDownLatch(1);
}
/**
* String Redis 模板
*
* @param connectionFactory
* @return
*/
@Bean
StringRedisTemplate template(RedisConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
return new StringRedisTemplate(connectionFactory);
}
}
如有疑问,请观看视频:https://ke.qq.com/course/428845