RestTemplate使用

一、RestTemplate使用:

1、基本使用:

1.1、引用依赖


   org.springframework
   spring-web
   ${spring.version}


   org.springframework
   spring-webmvc
   ${spring.version}

1.2、定义基本RestTemplate


或者

@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory) {
        return new RestTemplate(factory);
    }
    @Bean
    public ClientHttpRequestFactory simpleClientHttpRequestFactory() {
        SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
        factory.setReadTimeout(1500000);
        factory.setConnectTimeout(50000);
        return factory;
    }
}

1.3、通过RestTemplate 执行http调用:

image.png

方法说明:

第一种和第二种的首个参数都是用String表示一个URI。但它们的最后一个参数分别是Object[]和Map

第三种的首个参数使用java.net.URI表示一个URI。且只有两个参数

这是因为,String类型的URI支持占位符。比如:

restTemplate.getForObject("http://example.com/hotels/{hotel}/bookings/{booking}",String.class,"42", "21");

那么最终访问的URI为:http://example.com/hotels/42/bookings/21

但是String有一个小缺陷:String形式的URI会被URL编码两次(URL encode请自行百度),这就要求服务器在获取URI中的参数时主动进行一次解码,但如果服务的提供者不这么做呢?

这时就需要使用不会使用任何编码的java.net.URI

常用的就是POST 和 GET:

public  T getForObject(String url, Class responseType, Object... uriVariables) throws RestClientException 
public  ResponseEntity getForEntity(String url, Class responseType, Object... uriVariables)
public  T postForObject(String url, @Nullable Object request, Class responseType,
      Object... uriVariables) throws RestClientException
      
public  ResponseEntity postForEntity(String url, @Nullable Object request,
            Class responseType, Object... uriVariables) throws RestClientException

ForObject 和 ForEntity 有什么区别?

ForEntity 对应响应 ResponseEntity 封装了响应状态信息、响应头信息以及响应体,getForObject直接返回响应体。

常见使用场景:

1、请求带header:

POST:

@Override
public  ResponseEntity postForEntity(String url, @Nullable Object request,
        Class responseType, Object... uriVariables) throws RestClientException {

    RequestCallback requestCallback = httpEntityCallback(request, responseType);
    ResponseExtractor> responseExtractor = responseEntityExtractor(responseType);
    return nonNull(execute(url, HttpMethod.POST, requestCallback, responseExtractor, uriVariables));
}

请求参数封装header 信息
Object request : 

 HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
 this.getConfigs.getRsaHeader().forEach((k, v) -> {
    headers.add(k, v);
 });
 headers.add("apigwkey", *****);
 httpEntity = new HttpEntity(GsonUtil.toJsonString(rq), headers);

或者通过exchange:

HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.add("token", "123");
ResponseEntity response = restTemplate.exchange(
    "http://127.0.0.1:8280/user/{id}",
    HttpMethod.GET,
    new HttpEntity(headers),
    UserBean.class,
    userId);

2.扩展RestTemplate

RestTemplate发送http 功能包调整:

自定义http 实现

RestTemplate支持自定义http client 实现:

通过ClientHttpRequestFactory 产生http 请求:

image-20210303164914569.png

默认:采用jdk 的httpurlconnnect

private ClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();

SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory(封装URLConnection) //默认
HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory(封装HttpClient)
OkHttp3ClientHttpRequestFactory(封装OKHttp)

如何扩展:

比如说我用apache 的httpclient来实现:

1、引入依赖

 
      org.apache.httpcomponents
      httpclient
      4.5.7
  

2、定义ClientHttpRequestFactory


         
          



       

    



        
        
        



        
     

自定义响应解析

请求如何序列化以及响应如何反序列化

static {
        ClassLoader classLoader = RestTemplate.class.getClassLoader();
        romePresent = ClassUtils.isPresent("com.rometools.rome.feed.WireFeed", classLoader);
        jaxb2Present = ClassUtils.isPresent("javax.xml.bind.Binder", classLoader);
        jackson2Present =
                ClassUtils.isPresent("com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper", classLoader) &&
                        ClassUtils.isPresent("com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator", classLoader);
        jackson2XmlPresent = ClassUtils.isPresent("com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.xml.XmlMapper", classLoader);
        jackson2SmilePresent = ClassUtils.isPresent("com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.smile.SmileFactory", classLoader);
        jackson2CborPresent = ClassUtils.isPresent("com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.cbor.CBORFactory", classLoader);
        gsonPresent = ClassUtils.isPresent("com.google.gson.Gson", classLoader);
        jsonbPresent = ClassUtils.isPresent("javax.json.bind.Jsonb", classLoader);
}
    
通过类加载器判断有没有对应的jar

public RestTemplate() {
   this.messageConverters.add(new ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter());
   this.messageConverters.add(new StringHttpMessageConverter());
   this.messageConverters.add(new ResourceHttpMessageConverter(false));
   try {
      this.messageConverters.add(new SourceHttpMessageConverter<>());
   }
   catch (Error err) {
      // Ignore when no TransformerFactory implementation is available
   }
   this.messageConverters.add(new AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter());

   if (romePresent) {
      this.messageConverters.add(new AtomFeedHttpMessageConverter());
      this.messageConverters.add(new RssChannelHttpMessageConverter());
   }

   if (jackson2XmlPresent) {
      this.messageConverters.add(new MappingJackson2XmlHttpMessageConverter());
   }
   else if (jaxb2Present) {
      this.messageConverters.add(new Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter());
   }

   if (jackson2Present) {
      this.messageConverters.add(new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter());
   }
   else if (gsonPresent) {
      this.messageConverters.add(new GsonHttpMessageConverter());
   }
   else if (jsonbPresent) {
      this.messageConverters.add(new JsonbHttpMessageConverter());
   }

   if (jackson2SmilePresent) {
      this.messageConverters.add(new MappingJackson2SmileHttpMessageConverter());
   }
   if (jackson2CborPresent) {
      this.messageConverters.add(new MappingJackson2CborHttpMessageConverter());
   }

   this.uriTemplateHandler = initUriTemplateHandler();
}


默认会添加很多消息转换器,用户序列化和反序列化

ResponseExtractor:

该接口有三个实现类:

HeadersExtractor 用于提取请求头。
HttpMessageConverterExtractor 用于提取响应body。
ResponseEntityResponseExtractor 使用HttpMessageConverterExtractor提取body(委托模式),然后将body和响应头、状态封装成ResponseEntity对象。

提取器HttpMessageConverterExtractor寻找可用的转化器

在默认的RestTemplate的构造函数中初始化了转化器集合,包括:

转化器 可转化的类型
ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter byte[]
StringHttpMessageConverter String
ResourceHttpMessageConverter Resource
SourceHttpMessageConverter javax.xml.transform.*
AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter MultiValueMap
Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter XmlRootElement,XmlType(注解)
...
MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter Json

通常使用时会采用常用的Jsong 工具包:

比如说GSON 、Jackson 等等

if (jackson2Present) {
   this.messageConverters.add(new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter());
}
else if (gsonPresent) {
   this.messageConverters.add(new GsonHttpMessageConverter());
}
else if (jsonbPresent) {
   this.messageConverters.add(new JsonbHttpMessageConverter());
}

如果添加了Jackson 依赖 ,那么jackson2Present 会为true,添加了GSON ,gsonPresent 会为true

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