如何有效的拓展主体段？

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摘要：同学们在雅思大作文中，经常会一段内容，写两句基本就写不下去了。其中的原因是没有注重拓展。下面论述雅思写作拓展常用五大方法。

1 举 例 说 明

举例子是列举有代表性的、恰当的事例来说明事物特征的说明方法。通过举例子，可以把前一句的内容进行拓展说明。

例句：On the other hand, young people may overlook hands-on experience if recruiters pay more attention to academic qualifications. They may not be able to cope with practical problems.For example, these new recruits do not understand how to apply theories into practice and how to work in teams to perform tasks.

点评：前一句说到年轻人不能处理好实际问题。那么下一句，用一个例子说把这个观点立起来。因为新来的成员不明白如何把理论运用到实践中和如何在团队中完成任务。

2 名 词 解 释

前一句如果涉及到了一些比较专业的名词，比如高新科技（state-of-the-art technologies），比如环境方面的好处（environmental benefits）

例句：On the other hand, if car users are required to bear the cost of building or improving roads, this policy can have environmental benefits. Driving will increase the cost of living, which encourages motorists to cut down on private car use and choose less polluting means of transport, such as public transport.

点评：在第一句中说到了如果人们必须承担道路的费用，那么会产生environmental benefits，紧接着的第二句就解释了原因。正因为这个政策，驾驶的费用上升了，人们会选择少用私家车和较少污染的出行方式，比如公共交通，比如骑行。因此，就把人们承担道路费用和交通对环境造成较少污染联系在一起。

3 特 定 化

特定情况下，这个观点会成立或者特别奏效，从而论证了这个观点。

例句：Driving will increase the cost of living, which encourages motorists to cut down on private car use and choose less polluting means of transport, such as public transport. This policy is particularly effective for the working class, who live on a tight budget.

点评：这个政策对那些资金紧张的上班族来说，会非常奏效。用特定化来论证自己的观点成立。

4 对 比 论 证

正所谓，没有对比，就没有伤害。在雅思写作里，把反方观点击败，就是立起正方观点。

例句：Traditional games can compare favourably with modern games in terms of children's physical development. A majority of traditional games involve outdoor activities and can provide children with more opportunities to interact with natural elements. Their physical activity will increase, so their motor skills can be improved. In contrast, modern games are normally web-based and this is why young players spend hours in front of the screen, instead of maintaining physical activity.

点评：该段是支持传统游戏的。但是到了第四句，通过对比现代游戏给儿童带来的坏处，从而达到牢固正方观点——traditional games are beneficial to children’s physical development.

5  分 类 论 证

论证过程中，可能会涉及到要用两个分观点来论证一个论点。我们可以采用分类的方法。

例句：On the other hand, it is necessary for authorities to launch public campaigns to raise people's awareness of healthy lifestyle. The government can provide more fitness equipment for people, which allows them to do physical exercise regularly. In addition, a healthy diet should also be encouraged. These healthy habits can reduce the risk of ill-health, making people live with a satisfied mind.

点评：看“launch public campaigns to raise people's awareness of healthy lifestyle”，用推广运动的形式，来增高人们的健康生活方式的意识，那么有哪些方面呢？文中提及到了，provide more fitness equipment 和a healthy diet 两个层面。

注意：其他的moreover, what’s more建议不要用。moreover是在一件事没有说完,用于更进一步说明这事。而不是另外一个方面。在雅思写作里，用对词比用得天花乱坠容易拿高分。