springboot 事件发布机制浅析
事件发布机制在Spring Boot框架中扮演着重要的角色,它是实现模块解耦、扩展和定制以及自动化配置的关键机制之一。通过事件发布机制,开发者可以实现高度可扩展和可定制的应用程序,并更好地利用Spring Boot框架的各种特性和功能。文章主要包含两个部分,一个是如何使用springboot的事件发布,另一个就是分析其运行原理。
事件发布机制也是使用了
观察者模式
来实现的,如果你没了解过观察者模式建议先了解一下观察者模式
自定义实现类,实现ApplicationEvent类
public class UserUpdateEvent extends ApplicationEvent {
public UserUpdateEvent(User updateUser) {
super(updateUser);
}
/**
* 获取事件属性
* @return
*/
public User getUser() {
return (User)this.source;
}
}
监听事件、执行处理逻辑
方式1:实现ApplicationListener类,需要自己将listener注册到应用中
public class UserUpdateCacheListener implements ApplicationListener<UserUpdateEvent> {
@Override
public void onApplicationEvent(UserUpdateEvent userUpdateEvent) {
User user = userUpdateEvent.getUser();
System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(user));
System.out.println("获取到最新用户信息 ----更新缓存");
}
}
启动类中注册
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
TypeUtils.compatibleWithJavaBean = true;
SpringApplication app =new SpringApplication(DemoApplication.class);
app.addListeners(new SpringBootEvnetListenner());//加入自定义的监听类
app.addListeners(new UserUpdateCacheListener());//加入自定义的监听类
app.addListeners(new UserUpdateDBListener());//加入自定义的监听类
app.run(args);
}
利用SPI机制注册,在resource下面新建META-INF/spring.factories
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\
com.tfzg.program.core.UserUpdateCacheListener
方式2:直接使用@EventListener标记方法,参数为监听的事件
@Configuration
public class EventListenerConfig {
@EventListener
public void userListener(UserUpdateEvent event){
System.out.println("-------------22----------");
System.out.println(event.getUser().getName());
}
}
@Autowired
ApplicationContext applicationContext;
@RequestMapping("/pushEvent")
public String testPushEvent(){
User user = new User();
applicationContext.publishEvent(new UserUpdateEvent(user));
return "s";
}
主要从两个方面分析springboot的事件发布机制吧,从监听器注册和事件发布执行这两个方向分析springboot事件发布机制原理。
从springboot启动流程,以及bean的生命周期入手,进行分析Listener注册原理
1.1 SpringApplication 构造方法
public SpringApplication(ResourceLoader resourceLoader, Class<?>... primarySources) {
this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
Assert.notNull(primarySources, "PrimarySources must not be null");
this.primarySources = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asList(primarySources));
this.webApplicationType = WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath();
this.bootstrapRegistryInitializers = new ArrayList<>(
getSpringFactoriesInstances(BootstrapRegistryInitializer.class));
setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
//注册Listener的关键入口就在这儿、通过getSpringFactoriesInstances获取到Listener集合,然后set到SpringApplication 的Listeners 属性中
setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstances(ApplicationListener.class));
this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass();
}
private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type, Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args) {
ClassLoader classLoader = getClassLoader();
// Use names and ensure unique to protect against duplicates
Set<String> names = new LinkedHashSet<>(SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader));
List<T> instances = createSpringFactoriesInstances(type, parameterTypes, classLoader, args, names);
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(instances);
return instances;
}
通过上面的setListeners方法和getSpringFactoriesInstances
,可以知道springboot启动的时候,是通过SPI
的机制加载spring.factories
文件中配置ApplicationListener,去读取到Listener的,因此我们也可以在spring.factories 中添加自定义Listener或者在SpringApplication 类初始化后直接调用addListeners方法进行添加。
1.2 processBean
阶段会处理有@EventListener
注解的方法,对方法解析生成一个ApplicationListenerMethodAdapter Listener
private void processBean(final String beanName, final Class<?> targetType) {
if (!this.nonAnnotatedClasses.contains(targetType) &&
AnnotationUtils.isCandidateClass(targetType, EventListener.class) &&
!isSpringContainerClass(targetType)) {
Map<Method, EventListener> annotatedMethods = null;
try {
annotatedMethods = MethodIntrospector.selectMethods(targetType,
(MethodIntrospector.MetadataLookup<EventListener>) method ->
AnnotatedElementUtils.findMergedAnnotation(method, EventListener.class));
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
// An unresolvable type in a method signature, probably from a lazy bean - let's ignore it.
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Could not resolve methods for bean with name '" + beanName + "'", ex);
}
}
if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(annotatedMethods)) {
this.nonAnnotatedClasses.add(targetType);
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("No @EventListener annotations found on bean class: " + targetType.getName());
}
}
else {
// Non-empty set of methods
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = this.applicationContext;
Assert.state(context != null, "No ApplicationContext set");
List<EventListenerFactory> factories = this.eventListenerFactories;
Assert.state(factories != null, "EventListenerFactory List not initialized");
for (Method method : annotatedMethods.keySet()) {
for (EventListenerFactory factory : factories) {
if (factory.supportsMethod(method)) {
Method methodToUse = AopUtils.selectInvocableMethod(method, context.getType(beanName));
// 关键代码,包装成了Listener
ApplicationListener<?> applicationListener =
factory.createApplicationListener(beanName, targetType, methodToUse);
if (applicationListener instanceof ApplicationListenerMethodAdapter) {
((ApplicationListenerMethodAdapter) applicationListener).init(context, this.evaluator);
}
// 将Listener 加入Listener中
context.addApplicationListener(applicationListener);
break;
}
}
}
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug(annotatedMethods.size() + " @EventListener methods processed on bean '" +
beanName + "': " + annotatedMethods);
}
}
}
}
通过applicationContext.publishEvent方法入手,进入关键代码AbstractApplicationEventMulticaster.multicastEvent
public void multicastEvent(final ApplicationEvent event, @Nullable ResolvableType eventType) {
ResolvableType type = (eventType != null ? eventType : resolveDefaultEventType(event));
Executor executor = getTaskExecutor();
//过滤Listener,遍历执行监听器方法
for (ApplicationListener<?> listener : getApplicationListeners(event, type)) {
if (executor != null) {
executor.execute(() -> invokeListener(listener, event));
}
else {
//执行 Listener onApplicationEvent 方法
invokeListener(listener, event);
}
}
}
根据事件类型,将指定Listener从所有Listener中获取出来,然后再遍历过滤出来的Listener,再遍历执行onApplicationEvent方法。
本篇文章主要展示了springboot事件发布机制的使用,以及运行原理的关键代码。
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