mysql存储emoji表情报错的处理方法【更改编码为utf8mb4】

mysql存储emoji表情报错的处理方法【更改编码为utf8mb4】

项目需要存储微信用户的昵称,由于部分微信用户昵称带有表情,数据库保存会报错

java.sql.SQLException: Incorrect string value: '\xF0\x9F\x92\x94' for column 'name' at row 1
at com.mysql.jdbc.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:1073)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3593)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.checkErrorPacket(MysqlIO.java:3525)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sendCommand(MysqlIO.java:1986)
at com.mysql.jdbc.MysqlIO.sqlQueryDirect(MysqlIO.java:2140)
at com.mysql.jdbc.ConnectionImpl.execSQL(ConnectionImpl.java:2620)
at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.executeUpdate(StatementImpl.java:1662)
at com.mysql.jdbc.StatementImpl.executeUpdate(StatementImpl.java:1581)

这是由于tf-8编码可能2个字节、3个字节、4个字节的字符,但是MySQL的utf8编码只支持3字节的数据,而移动端的表情数据是4个字节的字符。如果直接往采用utf-8编码的数据库中插入表情数据,Java程序中将报SQL异常:

具体修改如下

可以对4字节的字符进行编码存储,然后取出来的时候,再进行解码。但是这样做会使得任何使用该字符

的地方都要进行编码与解码。

utf8mb4编码是utf8编码的超集,兼容utf8,并且能存储4字节的表情字符。

采用utf8mb4编码的好处是:存储与获取数据的时候,不用再考虑表情字符的编码与解码问题。

更改数据库的编码为utf8mb4:

  1. MySQL的版本

utf8mb4的最低mysql版本支持版本为5.5.3+,若不是,请升级到较新版本。

  1. MySQL驱动(项目中的jar包版本)5.1.34可用,最低不能低于5.1.13
  2. mysql-connector-java-5.1.45.jar
    3

3.修改MySQL配置文件

修改mysql配置文件my.cnf(windows为my.ini)

my.cnf一般在etc/mysql/my.cnf位置。找到后请在以下三部分里添加如下内容:

[client]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysqld]
character-set-client-handshake = FALSE
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
  1. 重启数据库,检查变量
5. `SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name LIKE 'character_set_%' OR Variable_name LIKE 'collation%';`

mysql存储emoji表情报错的处理方法【更改编码为utf8mb4】_第1张图片
collation_connection 、collation_database 、collation_server是什么没关系。

但必须保证
mysql存储emoji表情报错的处理方法【更改编码为utf8mb4】_第2张图片

这几个变量必须是utf8mb4。

5. 数据库连接的配置
数据库连接参数中:
characterEncoding=utf8会被自动识别为utf8mb4,也可以不加这个参数,会自动检测。
而autoReconnect=true是必须加上的。
6. 将数据库和已经建好的表也转换成utf8mb4
更改数据库编码:

ALTER DATABASE `data_name` CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;

更改表编码:

ALTER TABLE TABLE_NAME CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATEutf8mb4_general_ci;

7、在第3步设置character_set_database,character_set_server不成功的可以试下直接在mysql.exe下

set @@character_set_server='utf8mb4';
set @@character_set_database='utf8mb4';
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.
[client]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysqld]
character-set-client-handshake = FALSE
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
# basedir = .....
# datadir = .....
# port = .....
# server_id = .....
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

非常感谢原博主!!

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