语法知识学习要学会分析
Miss Li returned to the class on awheelchair to give us lessons. we were___________(deep) moved,all________(rise) to applaud her.
参考答案deeply , rising (all rising to applaud her此处作独立主格结构)
第一句话Miss Li returned to the class on a wheelchair to give us lessons. 李老师坐轮椅重返课堂为我们上课。第二句话，我们被深深地感动了，所有人都起身为她鼓掌。
第二句话要学会分析，we were deeplymoved, all risingto applaud her.副词deeply是用来修饰过去分词moved， rising容易出错，正常的要加连词，例如：we were deeplymoved,soall(of us ) roseto applaud her.这样的话说明是两个分句，因果关系。后面的rose 是rise的过去式，表示过去的动作。而本题没有连词so，因此不能只填写过去式。(all rising to applaud her此处作独立主格结构)
独立主格结构特点
1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。
3）两部分之间没有连接词连接。独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
It is so wet there that the trees areextremely tall, some ________(measure) over 90 metres.
参考答案measuring
(1).名词/代词+现在分词
Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.
冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
The boy leading the way, we had no troublefinding the strange cave.
由那个男孩带路，我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞。
My health allowing, I will work far intothe night.
我的健康许可的话，我愿工作到深夜。
(2).名词/代词+过去分词
This done, we went home.工作完成后，我们才回家。
Homework finished, the boy went out to
play.作业完成之后，这个男孩出去玩了。
（3）名词/代词+不定式
Here are the first two volumes, the thirdone to come out next month.
这是前两卷，第三卷将于下月问世。
The two boys said goodbye to each other,
one to go home, the other to go to his friend’s. 两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。
(4)名词/代词+形容词
An air accident happened to the lane,
nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。
So many people absent, the meeting had to
be called off. 这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。
(5)名词(代词)+副词
The meeting over, our headmaster soon leftthe meeting room.
散会了，校长很快就离开了会议室。
The lights off, we could not go on with thework.
灯熄了，我们不能继续工作了。
(6)名词/代词+介词短语
The huntsman entered the forest, gun in
hand. 那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。
Mary was sitting near the fire, her back
towards the door.玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。
(7)名词/代词+名词
His first shot failure，he fired
again．
他第一枪没击中，又打了一枪。
Two hundred people died in the accident,many of them children.
两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。
典型例题
（1）Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seatedin it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.
A. its B. whose C. which D. that
【分析】此题很容易误选B，许多同学会认为句中逗号后是一个非限制性的定语从句，whose 在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后的名词 owner。此分析从表面上看，似乎天衣无缝，但实质上是错的，原因是空格后根本不是一个句子，因为没有谓语。若选择B应该为 whose
owner was seated in it选择A
(2) He wrote a lot of novels, many of_________ translated into foreign languages.
A. it B. them C. which D. that
参考答案B
(3) He wrote a lot of novels, many of_________ were translated into foreign languages.
A. it B. them C. which D. that
参考答案C
（4）It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some________(measure) over 90 metres.
参考答案measuring
（独立主格）Wherever you go in America you can find highways, multi-story car
parks, drive-in cinemas and drive-through fast food restaurants, all built to
suit the needs of car owners.