库存管理
类型:收货、发货、转储;
预留
特殊库存(如O 供应商委外库存; K 供应商寄售库存)
物料凭证:有价值变化时同时还要产生财务凭证
评估范围:Valuation Area,公司代码/工厂(通常都是工厂级别)
评估类:Valuation Class
价格控制:V、S
收货:
1、P.O.收货
2、生产订单(工单)收货
3、无采购订单/无生产订单收货
4、货物移动收货
收货的几种状态:
1.收货至库存:非限制、质检、冻结
2.收货至消耗(无库存物料):成本中心、项目、其他
3.条件接收:GR冻结
ME2L/M/N查看P.O.历史记录
“Selection Parameters”输入WE101,查看未收完的P.O.(Open goods receipt);
P.O.的收货:MIGO ,A01:Goods Receipt/R01:Purchase Order;MVT:101
(i)Unlimited:打勾表示收货时,数量没有tolerance限制,不论订单订多少量,收货量不受其影响;Tolerance由后台的Purchase Value Key的配置决定;
(ii)Goods Receipt:在一揽子采购(FO)中默认不打勾;
(iii)GR Non-Valuated:打勾表示收货时不做财务凭证,后台物料类型,双击配置是否为数量更新及价值更新,若不做价值更新,此处自动打勾;
(iv)Delivery Completed:当收货完成时会自动打勾;
(v)收货完成后,Item Detail会自动增加P.O. history;
(2)若P.O.启用了Order Confirmation的Inbound Delivery功能,采购订单收货就要参考内向交货单(Inbound Delivery)收货
(3)MIGO中的Stock Type:非限制库存(UU)、质检库存、冻结库存;收货后对应MMBE也不同;
MM01 Purchasing视图,若“Posting to inspectionstock”打勾,决定了ME21N时P.O. Item Detail的Delivery下的Stock Type自动选择“to Quality Inspiration”;
而MIGO自动收入质检状态参考的是P.O.上“Stocky Type”的设置;
若Purchasing视图下未设置质检库存,而在MIGO时手动设为收入质检库存,那么MMBE同样收入质检;
(4)GR Block Stock:103+105
MIGO,区别于101,103先收到Block Stock(与上述stock type中的冻结库存状态不是一个概念);A01 Goods Receipt/R01 Purchase Order/GR Goods receipt:103;
不用填Storage Location,不认为103将物料收到自己的库内;此时ME22N查看Purchase Order History,显示无财务凭证
收货选择A05 Release GR Block/R02 Material Document,自动导入103的收货凭证、105的移动类型(也可以选择A01/R01/105)
(5)计划协议S.A.收货(不能提前收货):A01 Goods Receipt/R01 Purchase Order(输入的是S.A.号)
2.工单收货:
自己做好的成品/半成品进行收货:MIGO,A01 Goods Receipt/R08 Order
3.无采购订单、无生产订单的收货:
初始入库561、无采购订单、无生产订单、副产品入库(比如化学行业副产品531)、免费货物、客户退货等
无采购订单收货至UU库存:A01 Goods Receipt/R10 Other/MVT 501
退货:
1、参考采购订单退货(收货的反向操作,用于入库错误,全部冲销操作:102,104+106分别对应101,103+105);
移动类型+1的反向操作(可能输错等原因需要冲销整笔收货业务)
2、参考收货物料凭证退货(退货操作,A02/R02/Material Document填收货凭证,之前操作101/105对应122的退货方式;103对应124的退货方式);区别于业务上也有退货的概念:收货之中部分或全部物料不合格、过期、破损等原因需要做退货处理;
3、退货采购订单(无法指定当初哪一个收货记录时)
退货时,无从知晓相应的P.O.号,那么在ME21N建一张针对该物料的退货P.O.(打上Return Item标记)
MIGO,A01,填写P.O.号,自动决定出移动类型161
通过装运交货单退货(与SD衔接)
后续交货
对之前Return掉一部分库存的物料,进行后续再入库
MIGO,A06 Subsequent Delivery/R02 Material Document(填之前退货122的物料凭证号)
3、退货采购订单:ME21N,填入退货数量、打上Return Item标记
发货:
MIGO,A07 Goods Issue 发货类型:成本中心、资产类、销售、生产订单、抽样、报废
另外的发货类型根据实际项目过程中各种自定义
201 发货至成本中心:A07 Goods Issue/R10 Other/MVT:201
221:项目的领料消耗(输项目号);
231:销售订单的领料消耗;
241:资产的领用消耗;
261:工单的领用消耗
331从质检库存发料做抽样
333从非限制库存发料做抽样
335从冻结(block)库存发料做抽样
551非限制库存里发料报废
553质检库存里发料报废
555冻结库存里发料报废
预留
预计未来的某个时点对材料进行领用
(1)自动产生,比如工单的预留261
(2)手工产生,比如MB21/22/23/25:预留单的建/改/查/清单
MB21,建预留单
Base Date:基准日期;预留给成本中心:MVT选择201
Requirement Date:预留单的物料需求日期
MIGO,对该预留单发料 A07 Goods Issue/R09 Reservation/填入预留单号/MVT:预留单的MVT,此处发料至成本中心
特殊库存类型
供应商委外和寄售分单独章节
O库存(提供给委外供应商库存)自有库存
K库存(供应商寄售库存)供应商库存
Pipeline 管道 SAP是指水,电, 石油这些物料并不在你的库存中,但是你可以任意时刻使用。
系统提供了一种物料类型为PIPE的物料。
这类物料没有计划,没有库存管理,可以在工单上反冲消耗计算入工单成本,可以使用201 成本中心消耗 261 工单消耗 281 项目消耗
但是实际项目实施中可以通过作为工作中心的成本参数去收集成本
1)维护一个PIPE的采购信息记录
2) 201 P 消耗20PC
3) MRKO结算
还有几种特殊的库存:
客户寄售 W 具体客户寄售流程到SD章节 自有库存
可退回包装 V 自有库存
退回供应商包装 M 供应商库存
SO库存 E库存 和项目WBS库存 Q库存
对于SO库存和WBS库存,可以是non-valuated 或者valuated 如果是valuated, 那么货物移动会立刻反应到财务模块,如果是non valuated,
只会到结算时才会反应到财务。
Appedix--- Movement types
(1) Initial entry of stock balances
post to unrestricted-use stock --------------------------------561
post to quality inspection ------------------------------------563
post to blocked stock -----------------------------------------565
(2) GR without PO
post to unrestricted-use stock --------------------------------501
post to quality inspection ------------------------------------503
post to blocked stock -----------------------------------------505
(3) GR without production order
post to unrestricted-use stock --------------------------------521
post to quality inspection ------------------------------------523
post to blocked stock -----------------------------------------525
(4) GR delivery free of charge --------------------------------511
(5) GR with PO or production order ----------------------------101
(6) GR blocked stock ------------------------------------------103
(7) Release GR blocked stock ----------------------------------105
(8) Return delivery ---------------------(122 for 101; 124 for 103)
(9) Stock-to-stock transfer posting
unrestricted-use stock to quality inspection stock-------------322
quality inspection to unrestricted-use-------------------------321
quality inspection to blocked ---------------------------------350
blocked to quality inspection----------------------------------349
blocked to unrestricted-use------------------------------------343
unrestricted-use to blocked------------------------------------344
(10) Material-to-material tranfer posting----------------------309
(11) Stock transfer between locations in one step procedure
unrestricted stock to unrestricted stock-----------------------311
quality inspection to quality inspection-----------------------323
blocked stock to blocked stock---------------------------------325
(12) Stock transfer between locations in two step procedure
unrestricted stock in issue location to in transfer------------313
in transfer to unrestricted stock in receive location----------315
(13) Stock transfer between plants
one-step procedure---------------------------------------------------301
two-step procedure-------------------------------------------303 and 305
GI reference stock transport order entered in the issue plant--------351
GR reference stock transport order entered in the receive plant------101
(14) GI for sampling
from quality inspection stock----------------------------------331
from unrestricted stock----------------------------------------333
from blocked stock---------------------------------------------335
(15) GI for scrapping
from unrestricted stock----------------------------------------551
from quality inspection stock----------------------------------553
from blocked stock---------------------------------------------555
(16) GI for consumption
for cost center------------------------------------------------201
for project----------------------------------------------------221
for assert-----------------------------------------------------241
(17) GI for order----------------------------------------------261
(18) Subcontracting
transfer posting to stock with subcontractor from unrestricted stock----541
goods receipt for SC order(GR for produced product---101;GI for consumped components--543)
(19) Transfer consignment stock into own stock-----------------411