简单CASE WHEN函数只能应对一些简单的业务场景,而CASE WHEN条件表达式的写法则更加灵活。
CASE WHEN条件表达式函数:类似JAVA中的IF ELSE语句。
简单CASE WHEN函数:
CASE SCORE WHEN 'A' THEN '优' ELSE '不及格' END
CASE SCORE WHEN 'B' THEN '良' ELSE '不及格' END
CASE SCORE WHEN 'C' THEN '中' ELSE '不及格' END
等同于,使用CASE WHEN条件表达式函数实现:
CASE WHEN SCORE = 'A' THEN '优'
WHEN SCORE = 'B' THEN '良'
WHEN SCORE = 'C' THEN '中' ELSE '不及格' END
THEN后边的值与ELSE后边的值类型应一致,否则会报错。如下:
CASE SCORE WHEN 'A' THEN '优' ELSE 0 END
'优'和0数据类型不一致则报错:
[Err] ORA-00932: 数据类型不一致: 应为 CHAR, 但却获得 NUMBER
简单CASE WHEN函数只能应对一些简单的业务场景,而CASE WHEN条件表达式的写法则更加灵活。
CASE WHEN条件表达式函数:类似JAVA中的IF ELSE语句。
格式:
CASE WHEN condition THEN result
[WHEN...THEN...]
ELSE result
END
condition是一个返回布尔类型的表达式,如果表达式返回true,则整个函数返回相应result的值,如果表达式皆为false,则返回ElSE后result的值,如果省略了ELSE子句,则返回NULL。
下面介绍几种常用场景。
场景1:有分数score,score<60返回不及格,score>=60返回及格,score>=80返回优秀
SELECT
STUDENT_NAME,
(CASE WHEN score < 60 THEN '不及格'
WHEN score >= 60 AND score < 80 THEN '及格'
WHEN score >= 80 THEN '优秀'
ELSE '异常' END) AS REMARK
FROM
TABLE
注意:如果你想判断score是否null的情况,WHEN score = null THEN '缺席考试',这是一种错误的写法,正确的写法应为:
CASE WHEN score IS NULL THEN '缺席考试' ELSE '正常' END
场景2:现老师要统计班中,有多少男同学,多少女同学,并统计男同学中有几人及格,女同学中有几人及格,要求用一个SQL输出结果。
SELECT
SUM (CASE WHEN STU_SEX = 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS MALE_COUNT,
SUM (CASE WHEN STU_SEX = 1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS FEMALE_COUNT,
SUM (CASE WHEN STU_SCORE >= 60 AND STU_SEX = 0 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS MALE_PASS,
SUM (CASE WHEN STU_SCORE >= 60 AND STU_SEX = 1 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS FEMALE_PASS
FROM
THTF_STUDENTS
场景3:经典行转列,并配合聚合函数做统计
现要求统计各个城市,总共使用了多少水耗、电耗、热耗,使用一条SQL语句输出结果
SELECT
E_CODE,
SUM(CASE WHEN E_TYPE = 0 THEN E_VALUE ELSE 0 END) AS WATER_ENERGY,--水耗
SUM(CASE WHEN E_TYPE = 1 THEN E_VALUE ELSE 0 END) AS ELE_ENERGY,--电耗
SUM(CASE WHEN E_TYPE = 2 THEN E_VALUE ELSE 0 END) AS HEAT_ENERGY--热耗
FROM
THTF_ENERGY_TEST
GROUP BY
场景4:CASE WHEN中使用子查询
根据城市用电量多少,计算用电成本。假设电能耗单价分为三档,根据不同的能耗值,使用相应价格计算成本。
当能耗值小于10时,使用P_LEVEL=0时的P_PRICE的值,能耗值大于10小于30使用P_LEVEL=1时的P_PRICE的值...
CASE WHEN energy <= (SELECT P_LIMIT FROM TABLE_PRICE WHERE P_LEVEL = 0) THEN (SELECT P_PRICE FROM TABLE_PRICE WHERE P_LEVEL = 0)
WHEN energy > (SELECT P_LIMIT FROM TABLE_PRICE WHERE P_LEVEL = 0) AND energy <= (SELECT P_LIMIT FROM TABLE_PRICE WHERE P_LEVEL = 1) THEN (SELECT P_PRICE FROM TABLE_PRICE WHERE P_LEVEL = 1)
WHEN energy > (SELECT P_LIMIT FROM TABLE_PRICE WHERE P_LEVEL = 1) AND energy <= (SELECT P_LIMIT FROM TABLE_PRICE WHERE P_LEVEL = 2) THEN (SELECT P_PRICE FROM TABLE_PRICE WHERE P_LEVEL = 2)
场景5:结合max聚合函数