基本思路
- 基本思路就是在pyqt界面直接加载html文件，并与html进行交互；下面是三个例子，会给大家做详细的说明
- 建议使用PyQt5的5.11.0以下的版本，高版本不兼容；
- 此次案例使用的是5.10.1版本
案例一
后端代码：
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication
from PyQt5.QtCore import QObject, pyqtSlot, QUrl
from PyQt5.QtWebChannel import QWebChannel
from PyQt5.QtWebEngineWidgets import QWebEngineView
class Printer(QObject):
@pyqtSlot(str, result=str)
def testTxt(self, content):
print("输出文本:", content)
return content
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
browser = QWebEngineView()
browser.setWindowTitle("QWebChannel交互Demo")
browser.resize(900, 600)
channel = QWebChannel()
printer = Printer()
channel.registerObject("printer", printer)
browser.page().setWebChannel(channel)
url_string = "C:/Users/Acer/Desktop/work_qi_5.10.1/test_ht.html"
browser.load(QUrl(url_string))
browser.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
- pyqtSlot,信号槽；作用为接收网页发起的信号；详情参考网址http://www.cainiaoxueyuan.com/bc/9621.html
- QWebEngineView控件使用load（）函数加载一个Web页面，实际上就是使用HTTP Get方法加载web页面，这个控件可以加载本地的web页面，也可以加载外部的WEb页面，其核心代码如下：
view=QWebEngineView（）
view.load(QUrl('http://www.baidu.com'))
view.show()
- QWebChannel增加一个通信中需要用到的频道
channel = QWebChannel()
printer = Printer()
channel.registerObject("printer", printer)
browser.page().setWebChannel(channel)
前端代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>QWebChannel交互Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<button onclick="sendMes()">发送消息</button>
<p id="mes"></p>
<!--引入qwebchannel.js，才能与QWebEngineView进行交互-->
<script type="text/javascript" src="qwebchannel.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
window.onload = function () {
new QWebChannel(qt.webChannelTransport, function (channel) {
window.printer = channel.objects.printer; //此处channel.objects.printer中的printer就是上文提到的功能类注册的标识名
});
};
function sendMes() {
// 调用python端的功能类的方法执行操作
printer.testTxt("你收到一条网页发送的消息！")
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
- 注意：需要引入qwebchannel.js，才能与QWebEngineView进行交互；qwebchannel.js从网上下载源码。
- 在前端页面创建一个QWebChannel对象，与后端连接；
window.onload = function () {
new QWebChannel(qt.webChannelTransport, function (channel) {
window.printer = channel.objects.printer; //此处channel.objects.printer中的printer就是上文提到的功能类注册的标识名
});
};
function sendMes() {
// 调用python端的功能类的方法执行操作
printer.testTxt("你收到一条网页发送的消息！")
}
案例二
后端代码
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication
from PyQt5.QtCore import QObject, pyqtSlot, QUrl
from PyQt5.QtWebChannel import QWebChannel
from PyQt5.QtWebEngineWidgets import QWebEngineView
class CallHandler(QObject):
@pyqtSlot(result=str)
def myHello(self):
view.page().runJavaScript('uptext("hello, Pythongjhkkkk");')
print('call received')
return 'hello, Python'
@pyqtSlot(str, result=str)
def myTest(self, test):
print('test is',test)
return '返回前端结果'
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
view = QWebEngineView()
channel = QWebChannel()
handler = CallHandler()
channel.registerObject('pyjs', handler)
view.page().setWebChannel(channel)
url_string = "file:///D:/TY_75Stability/mxh_work/pyqt_work/demo15.html"
view.load(QUrl(url_string))
view.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
前端代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<script type="text/javascript" src="qwebchannel.js"></script>
<title>QWebChannel测试</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
window.onload = function () {
new QWebChannel(qt.webChannelTransport, function (channel) {
window.pyjs = channel.objects.pyjs; //把对象赋值到JS中
// pyjs.myHello(alert);
pyjs.myHello(function (res) {
alert(res)
})
});
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="test">
this is test !
</div>
<div onclick="qt5test();">测试</div>
<button class = 'btn'>点击</button>
<script>
function qt5test() {
pyjs.myTest('这是测试传参的',function (res) {
alert('sssss')
alert(res);
});
}
// pyqt返回来的值必须写一个方法接收，如上面方法所示
// js调用Python函数时，传递给python的参数默认为构造函数，如果想传递自定义参数，随便传，只是在参数列表的最后，
// 一定要加上回调函数，自定义参数需要在python函数的形参列表中声明，回调函数则是默认的，不需要声明。
$('.btn').click(function () {
var con =pyjs.myTest('mxh_connncon')
alert(typeof(con),con)
})
function uptext(msg) {
document.getElementById('test').innerHTML=msg;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
案例三
后端主文件
import os
import sys
from PyQt5.QtCore import QUrl, pyqtSlot, QObject, pyqtSignal
from PyQt5.QtWebChannel import QWebChannel
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QApplication
from demo14_1 import Ui_MainWindow
class TInteractObj(QObject):
"""
一个槽函数供js调用(内部最终将js的调用转化为了信号),
一个信号供js绑定,
这个一个交互对象最基本的组成部分.
"""
sig_send_to_js = pyqtSignal(str)
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super().__init__(parent)
self.receive_str_from_js_callback = None
@pyqtSlot(str)
def receive_str_from_js(self, str):
print('接受消息str is ',str)
self.receive_str_from_js_callback(str)
class MainWindow(QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):
def __init__(self, parent=None):
super(MainWindow, self).__init__(parent)
self.setupUi(self)
self.index = (os.path.split(os.path.realpath(__file__))[0]) + "/demo14.html"
self.webview.load(QUrl.fromLocalFile(self.index))
self.init_channel()
def init_channel(self):
"""
为webview绑定交互对象
"""
self.interact_obj = TInteractObj(self)
self.interact_obj.receive_str_from_js_callback = self.receive_data
channel = QWebChannel(self.webview.page())
channel.registerObject("interact_obj", self.interact_obj)
self.webview.page().setWebChannel(channel)
def receive_data(self, data):
self.textBrowser.setText(data)
@pyqtSlot()
def on_pushButton_clicked(self):
if not self.textBrowser.toPlainText():
return
print('pyqt发送消息')
self.interact_obj.sig_send_to_js.emit(self.textBrowser.toPlainText())
self.textBrowser.clear()
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
ui = MainWindow()
ui.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
后端界面文件
from PyQt5.QtWebEngineWidgets import QWebEngineView
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
class Ui_MainWindow(object):
def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
MainWindow.resize(800, 570)
self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
self.gridLayout = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(self.centralwidget)
self.gridLayout.setObjectName("gridLayout")
self.textBrowser = QtWidgets.QTextBrowser(self.centralwidget)
self.textBrowser.setObjectName("textBrowser")
self.textBrowser.setReadOnly(False)
self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.textBrowser, 0, 0, 1, 1)
self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton, 1, 0, 1, 1)
self.webview = QWebEngineView(self.centralwidget)
self.webview.setObjectName("webview")
self.webview.setMinimumWidth(400)
self.gridLayout.addWidget(self.webview, 0, 1, 2, 1)
MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)
def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
_translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "同步到web"))
前端页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<title>QWebChannel测试</title>
<!--引入交互js-->
<script type="text/javascript" src="qwebchannel.js"></script>
<style type="text/css">
html {
height: 100%;
width: 100%;
}
width: 90px;
margin: 0;
}
width: 100%;
height: 500px;
}
</style>
<!--业务js-->
<script type="text/javascript">
window.onload = function () {
new QWebChannel(qt.webChannelTransport, function (channel) {
// 获取qt中绑定的交互对象
window.pyjs = channel.objects.interact_obj
// js 绑定qt中的信号
pyjs.sig_send_to_js.connect(function (str) {
document.getElementById("output").value = str;
});
// 按钮点击事件
document.getElementById("send").onclick = function () {
var text_area = document.getElementById("output");
if (!text_area.value) {
return;
}
// js调用qt中的方法
pyjs.receive_str_from_js(text_area.value)
text_area.value = "";
}
});
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<textarea id="output">web控件内容!</textarea>
<input type="submit" id="send" value="同步到Qt" onclick="javascript:click();"/>
</body>
</html>
中间涉及到qwebchannel.js文件
/****************************************************************************
**
** Copyright (C) 2016 The Qt Company Ltd.
** Contact: http://www.qt.io/licensing/
**
** This file is part of the examples of the Qt Toolkit.
**
** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:BSD$
** You may use this file under the terms of the BSD license as follows:
**
** "Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
** modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
** met:
** * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
** notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
** * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
** notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
** the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
** distribution.
** * Neither the name of The Qt Company Ltd nor the names of its
** contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
** from this software without specific prior written permission.
**
**
** THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
** "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
** LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
** A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
** OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
** SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
** LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
** DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
** THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
** (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
** OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE."
**
** $QT_END_LICENSE$
**
****************************************************************************/
"use strict";
var QWebChannelMessageTypes = {
signal: 1,
propertyUpdate: 2,
init: 3,
idle: 4,
debug: 5,
invokeMethod: 6,
connectToSignal: 7,
disconnectFromSignal: 8,
setProperty: 9,
response: 10,
};
var QWebChannel = function(transport, initCallback)
{
if (typeof transport !== "object" || typeof transport.send !== "function") {
console.error("The QWebChannel expects a transport object with a send function and onmessage callback property." +
" Given is: transport: " + typeof(transport) + ", transport.send: " + typeof(transport.send));
return;
}
var channel = this;
this.transport = transport;
this.send = function(data)
{
if (typeof(data) !== "string") {
data = JSON.stringify(data);
}
channel.transport.send(data);
}
this.transport.onmessage = function(message)
{
var data = message.data;
if (typeof data === "string") {
data = JSON.parse(data);
}
switch (data.type) {
case QWebChannelMessageTypes.signal:
channel.handleSignal(data);
break;
case QWebChannelMessageTypes.response:
channel.handleResponse(data);
break;
case QWebChannelMessageTypes.propertyUpdate:
channel.handlePropertyUpdate(data);
break;
default:
console.error("invalid message received:", message.data);
break;
}
}
this.execCallbacks = {};
this.execId = 0;
this.exec = function(data, callback)
{
if (!callback) {
// if no callback is given, send directly
channel.send(data);
return;
}
if (channel.execId === Number.MAX_VALUE) {
// wrap
channel.execId = Number.MIN_VALUE;
}
if (data.hasOwnProperty("id")) {
console.error("Cannot exec message with property id: " + JSON.stringify(data));
return;
}
data.id = channel.execId++;
channel.execCallbacks[data.id] = callback;
channel.send(data);
};
this.objects = {};
this.handleSignal = function(message)
{
var object = channel.objects[message.object];
if (object) {
object.signalEmitted(message.signal, message.args);
} else {
console.warn("Unhandled signal: " + message.object + "::" + message.signal);
}
}
this.handleResponse = function(message)
{
if (!message.hasOwnProperty("id")) {
console.error("Invalid response message received: ", JSON.stringify(message));
return;
}
channel.execCallbacks[message.id](message.data);
delete channel.execCallbacks[message.id];
}
this.handlePropertyUpdate = function(message)
{
for (var i in message.data) {
var data = message.data[i];
var object = channel.objects[data.object];
if (object) {
object.propertyUpdate(data.signals, data.properties);
} else {
console.warn("Unhandled property update: " + data.object + "::" + data.signal);
}
}
channel.exec({type: QWebChannelMessageTypes.idle});
}
this.debug = function(message)
{
channel.send({type: QWebChannelMessageTypes.debug, data: message});
};
channel.exec({type: QWebChannelMessageTypes.init}, function(data) {
for (var objectName in data) {
var object = new QObject(objectName, data[objectName], channel);
}
// now unwrap properties, which might reference other registered objects
for (var objectName in channel.objects) {
channel.objects[objectName].unwrapProperties();
}
if (initCallback) {
initCallback(channel);
}
channel.exec({type: QWebChannelMessageTypes.idle});
});
};
function QObject(name, data, webChannel)
{
this.__id__ = name;
webChannel.objects[name] = this;
// List of callbacks that get invoked upon signal emission
this.__objectSignals__ = {};
// Cache of all properties, updated when a notify signal is emitted
this.__propertyCache__ = {};
var object = this;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
this.unwrapQObject = function(response)
{
if (response instanceof Array) {
// support list of objects
var ret = new Array(response.length);
for (var i = 0; i < response.length; ++i) {
ret[i] = object.unwrapQObject(response[i]);
}
return ret;
}
if (!response
|| !response["__QObject*__"]
|| response.id === undefined) {
return response;
}
var objectId = response.id;
if (webChannel.objects[objectId])
return webChannel.objects[objectId];
if (!response.data) {
console.error("Cannot unwrap unknown QObject " + objectId + " without data.");
return;
}
var qObject = new QObject( objectId, response.data, webChannel );
qObject.destroyed.connect(function() {
if (webChannel.objects[objectId] === qObject) {
delete webChannel.objects[objectId];
// reset the now deleted QObject to an empty {} object
// just assigning {} though would not have the desired effect, but the
// below also ensures all external references will see the empty map
// NOTE: this detour is necessary to workaround QTBUG-40021
var propertyNames = [];
for (var propertyName in qObject) {
propertyNames.push(propertyName);
}
for (var idx in propertyNames) {
delete qObject[propertyNames[idx]];
}
}
});
// here we are already initialized, and thus must directly unwrap the properties
qObject.unwrapProperties();
return qObject;
}
this.unwrapProperties = function()
{
for (var propertyIdx in object.__propertyCache__) {
object.__propertyCache__[propertyIdx] = object.unwrapQObject(object.__propertyCache__[propertyIdx]);
}
}
function addSignal(signalData, isPropertyNotifySignal)
{
var signalName = signalData[0];
var signalIndex = signalData[1];
object[signalName] = {
connect: function(callback) {
if (typeof(callback) !== "function") {
console.error("Bad callback given to connect to signal " + signalName);
return;
}
object.__objectSignals__[signalIndex] = object.__objectSignals__[signalIndex] || [];
object.__objectSignals__[signalIndex].push(callback);
if (!isPropertyNotifySignal && signalName !== "destroyed") {
// only required for "pure" signals, handled separately for properties in propertyUpdate
// also note that we always get notified about the destroyed signal
webChannel.exec({
type: QWebChannelMessageTypes.connectToSignal,
object: object.__id__,
signal: signalIndex
});
}
},
disconnect: function(callback) {
if (typeof(callback) !== "function") {
console.error("Bad callback given to disconnect from signal " + signalName);
return;
}
object.__objectSignals__[signalIndex] = object.__objectSignals__[signalIndex] || [];
var idx = object.__objectSignals__[signalIndex].indexOf(callback);
if (idx === -1) {
console.error("Cannot find connection of signal " + signalName + " to " + callback.name);
return;
}
object.__objectSignals__[signalIndex].splice(idx, 1);
if (!isPropertyNotifySignal && object.__objectSignals__[signalIndex].length === 0) {
// only required for "pure" signals, handled separately for properties in propertyUpdate
webChannel.exec({
type: QWebChannelMessageTypes.disconnectFromSignal,
object: object.__id__,
signal: signalIndex
});
}
}
};
}
/**
* Invokes all callbacks for the given signalname. Also works for property notify callbacks.
*/
function invokeSignalCallbacks(signalName, signalArgs)
{
var connections = object.__objectSignals__[signalName];
if (connections) {
connections.forEach(function(callback) {
callback.apply(callback, signalArgs);
});
}
}
this.propertyUpdate = function(signals, propertyMap)
{
// update property cache
for (var propertyIndex in propertyMap) {
var propertyValue = propertyMap[propertyIndex];
object.__propertyCache__[propertyIndex] = propertyValue;
}
for (var signalName in signals) {
// Invoke all callbacks, as signalEmitted() does not. This ensures the
// property cache is updated before the callbacks are invoked.
invokeSignalCallbacks(signalName, signals[signalName]);
}
}
this.signalEmitted = function(signalName, signalArgs)
{
invokeSignalCallbacks(signalName, signalArgs);
}
function addMethod(methodData)
{
var methodName = methodData[0];
var methodIdx = methodData[1];
object[methodName] = function() {
var args = [];
var callback;
for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; ++i) {
if (typeof arguments[i] === "function")
callback = arguments[i];
else
args.push(arguments[i]);
}
webChannel.exec({
"type": QWebChannelMessageTypes.invokeMethod,
"object": object.__id__,
"method": methodIdx,
"args": args
}, function(response) {
if (response !== undefined) {
var result = object.unwrapQObject(response);
if (callback) {
(callback)(result);
}
}
});
};
}
function bindGetterSetter(propertyInfo)
{
var propertyIndex = propertyInfo[0];
var propertyName = propertyInfo[1];
var notifySignalData = propertyInfo[2];
// initialize property cache with current value
// NOTE: if this is an object, it is not directly unwrapped as it might
// reference other QObject that we do not know yet
object.__propertyCache__[propertyIndex] = propertyInfo[3];
if (notifySignalData) {
if (notifySignalData[0] === 1) {
// signal name is optimized away, reconstruct the actual name
notifySignalData[0] = propertyName + "Changed";
}
addSignal(notifySignalData, true);
}
Object.defineProperty(object, propertyName, {
configurable: true,
get: function () {
var propertyValue = object.__propertyCache__[propertyIndex];
if (propertyValue === undefined) {
// This shouldn't happen
console.warn("Undefined value in property cache for property \"" + propertyName + "\" in object " + object.__id__);
}
return propertyValue;
},
set: function(value) {
if (value === undefined) {
console.warn("Property setter for " + propertyName + " called with undefined value!");
return;
}
object.__propertyCache__[propertyIndex] = value;
webChannel.exec({
"type": QWebChannelMessageTypes.setProperty,
"object": object.__id__,
"property": propertyIndex,
"value": value
});
}
});
}
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
data.methods.forEach(addMethod);
data.properties.forEach(bindGetterSetter);
data.signals.forEach(function(signal) { addSignal(signal, false); });
for (var name in data.enums) {
object[name] = data.enums[name];
}
}
//required for use with nodejs
if (typeof module === 'object') {
module.exports = {
QWebChannel: QWebChannel
};
}
