【项目实践01】【请求的路由转发】

文章目录

  • 前言
  • 项目背景
  • 实现方案
    • 具体实现
    • 功能演示
  • 思路延伸
    • 1. spring cloud gateway
    • 2. 研究路由原理
      • 2.1 寻找合适的 Handler
      • 2.2 执行 Handler
      • 2.3 处理调用结果
  • 参考内容


前言

本系列用来记录一些在实际项目中的小东西,并记录在过程中想到一些小东西,因为是随笔记录,所以内容不会过于详细。

项目背景

需要做一个数据监控中心来监控其他业务系统的数据,如请求次数,三方接口调用次数以及失败次数等。数据来源于各个业务系统,并且数据不落在监控系统内部,而是由各个业务系统提供接口,前端访问 monitor 系统,由 monitor 系统调用其他业务系统的数据接口返回数据。

话不多说 包括各个业务系统的数据统计功能从开始到发布只有三天时间

所以说白了, 这里所谓的数据监控中心就是一个请求转发的应用。

实现方案

具体实现

路由服务的核心实现如下,业务有所简化,比如去除了用户信息验证登功能,注释比较清楚,这里不再赘述。

/**
 * @Author : kingfish
 * @Email : [email protected]
 * @Date : 2023/11/4 10:45
 * @Desc : 常量
 */
public interface CommonContants {
    /**
     * 路由关键字
     */
    String ROUTER = "router";
}

/**
 * @Author : kingfish
 * @Email : [email protected]
 * @Date : 2023/11/4 16:53
 * @Desc : 持有各个业务项目的信息,如有需要也可以定制各个业务系统的特殊逻辑
 */
@Data
public class SystemHolder {

    /**
     * 系统域名
     */
    private String domain;


    public SystemHolder() {
    }

    public SystemHolder(String domain) {
        this.domain = domain;
    }
}

/**
 * @Author : kingfish
 * @Email : [email protected]
 * @Date : 2023/11/4 10:40
 * @Desc : 路由调用工具类
 */
@Slf4j
@Component
public class InvokeRouterUtil {
    /**
     * 路由的系统参数是否保留
     */
    private static final String RESERVED_PREFIX = "reservedPrefix";

    /**
     * 系统域名映射 key :系统唯一标识, value 系统
     */
    private Map<String, SystemHolder> systemMap = Maps.newHashMap();

    @Value("${server.servlet.context-path}")
    private String contextPath;


    @PostConstruct
    public void init() {
        systemMap.put("aaa", new SystemHolder("http://localhost:6666"));
        systemMap.put("bbb", new SystemHolder("http://localhost:9999"));
    }


    /**
     * 路由调用
     *
     * @param system
     * @param request
     * @param response
     */
    @SneakyThrows
    public void invoke(String system,
                       HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        final HttpMethod httpMethod = HttpMethod.resolve(request.getMethod());
        final URI realUrl = resolveRealUrl(system, request);
        if (httpMethod == null || realUrl == null) {
            throw CommonBizException.logException("当前请求不合法, 无法转发");
        }
        log.info("[路由转发][originalUrl = {}, realUrl = {}]", request.getRequestURI(), realUrl);
        ClientHttpRequest delegateRequest =
                new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory().
                        createRequest(realUrl, httpMethod);
        resolveRequestHeader(request, delegateRequest);
        resolveRequestBody(request, delegateRequest);

        try (ClientHttpResponse clientHttpResponse = delegateRequest.execute();
             ServletOutputStream responseOutputStream = response.getOutputStream()) {
            response.setStatus(clientHttpResponse.getStatusCode().value());
            clientHttpResponse.getHeaders().forEach((key, values) -> {
                // 处理响应头重复情况,在请求返回时该响应头会出现重复,postman 调用成功,但是实际前端调用会出错
                if (!"Transfer-Encoding".equalsIgnoreCase(key)) {
                    values.forEach(value -> response.setHeader(key, value));
                }
            });
            IoUtil.copy(clientHttpResponse.getBody(), responseOutputStream);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 解析请求体
     *
     * @param request
     * @param delegateRequest
     * @throws IOException
     */
    private void resolveRequestBody(HttpServletRequest request, ClientHttpRequest delegateRequest) throws IOException {
        StreamUtils.copy(request.getInputStream(), delegateRequest.getBody());
    }

    /**
     * 解析请求头
     *
     * @param request
     * @param delegateRequest
     * @return
     */
    private void resolveRequestHeader(HttpServletRequest request, ClientHttpRequest delegateRequest) {
        Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
        // 设置请求头
        while (headerNames.hasMoreElements()) {
            String headerName = headerNames.nextElement();
            Enumeration<String> v = request.getHeaders(headerName);
            List<String> arr = new ArrayList<>();
            while (v.hasMoreElements()) {
                arr.add(v.nextElement());
            }
            delegateRequest.getHeaders().addAll(headerName, arr);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 解析获取真实请求路径
     *
     * @param system
     * @param request
     * @return
     */
    private URI resolveRealUrl(String system, HttpServletRequest request)
            throws URISyntaxException, UnsupportedEncodingException {
        StringBuilder requestUrl =
                new StringBuilder(StringUtils.substringAfter(request.getRequestURI(),
                        contextPath + CommonContants.ROUTER + "/" + system + "/"));
        SystemHolder systemHolder = systemMap.get(system);
        String domain = systemHolder.getDomain();
        if (StringUtils.isNoneBlank(requestUrl.toString(), domain)) {
            final Enumeration<String> parameterNames = request.getParameterNames();
            StringBuilder uriVariables = new StringBuilder("?");
            while (parameterNames.hasMoreElements()) {
                // 转义部分特殊字符,如果请求参数里带有 +、空格等不转义请求路由过去会出问题
                final String parameterName = URLEncoder.encode(parameterNames.nextElement(), "UTF-8");
                final String parameter = URLEncoder.encode(request.getParameter(parameterName), "UTF-8");
                if (parameterName.equalsIgnoreCase(RESERVED_PREFIX)
                        && Boolean.TRUE.toString().equalsIgnoreCase(parameter)) {
                    requestUrl.insert(0, system + "/");
                    continue;
                }
                uriVariables.append(parameterName).append("=").append(parameter).append("&");

            }
            domain = domain.endsWith("/") ? domain : domain + "/";
            return new URI(domain + requestUrl
                    + (uriVariables.length() == 1 ? "" : uriVariables.substring(0, uriVariables.length() - 1)));
        }
        return null;
    }
}


/**
 * @Author : kingfish
 * @Email : [email protected]
 * @Date : 2023/11/4 18:06
 * @Desc : 路由调用
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping(CommonContants.ROUTER)
public class RemoteRouterController {

    @Autowired
    private InvokeRouterUtil invokeRouterUtil;


    @RequestMapping("/{system}/**")
    public void genericInvoke(@PathVariable("system") String system,
                              HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        invokeRouterUtil.invoke(system, request, response);
    }
}

功能演示

  1. 假设我们已经通过如上代码建立了一个路由服务 ,配置如下:

    server.port=8090
    server.servlet.context-path=/common-demo
    
  2. 假设我们新建了两个服务 aaa (端口号6666) 和 bbb (端口号9999), 都分别暴露如下接口

    @RestController
    @RequestMapping("test")
    public class TestController {
    
        @Value("${server.servlet.context-path}")
        private String contextPath;
    
    
        @RequestMapping("demo")
        public String demo(String msg) {
            return contextPath + " 收到消息 :" + msg;
        }
    }
    

    针对上面两个服务暴露的接口请求路径应该如下:

    http://localhost:6666/aaa/test/demo?msg=123
    http://localhost:9999/bbb/test/demo?msg=123
    
  3. 如果通过路由服务请求,请求地址应为:

    http://localhost:8090/common-demo/router/aaa/test/demo?msg=123&reservedPrefix=true
    http://localhost:8090/common-demo/router/bbb/test/demo?msg=123&reservedPrefix=true
    

    解释下请求路径中的各个参数的意义:

    1. http://localhost:8090/common-demo : 是 路由服务的请求上下文
    2. router :标注这个请求需要路由转发
    3. aaa、bbb : 服务标识,标识转发到哪个服务。
    4. test/demo?msg=123 : 正常请求路径以及参数
    5. reservedPrefix :转发请求时是否需要携带前缀,即服务标识,默认为false
      - 如果为true,则转发后的请求为 {{服务域名}}/{{服务标识}}/{{正常请求路径}},以上面为例转发后的请求路径即为:
      java http://localhost:6666/aaa/test/demo?msg=123 http://localhost:9999/aaa/test/demo?msg=123
      - 如果为fasle ,则转发后的请求为 {{服务域名}}/{{正常请求路径}},以上面为例转发后的请求路径即为
      java http://localhost:6666/test/demo?msg=123 http://localhost:9999/test/demo?msg=123

思路延伸

这个数据监控中心虽然叫做数据监控中心,但是实际实现的作用也就是个请求转发的功能,这里就想到了网关的作用也是请求转发,所以这里顺便学习了下 Spring Cloud Gateway 的实现。由于 spring cloud gateway 之前个人仅停留的了解阶段,所以下面的部分内容有所参考,推荐阅读参考原文。

1. spring cloud gateway

先搭建一个spring cloud gateway 项目,项目本身并没有任何内容,所以这里贴出 pom 和 yml 配置即可


<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId>
        <version>2.7.16version>
        <relativePath/> 
    parent>

    <artifactId>spring-cloud-gatewayartifactId>
    <name>spring-cloud-gatewayname>

    <properties>
        <java.version>8java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>2021.0.6spring-cloud.version>
    properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gatewayartifactId>
            <version>3.1.6version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
                exclusion>
            exclusions>
        dependency>
    dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-pluginartifactId>
            plugin>
        plugins>
    build>

project>
server:
  port: 9091
spring:
  application:
    name: gateway
  cloud:
    gateway:
      enabled: true
      routes:
        - id: demo
          uri: http://localhost:8090/common-demo
          predicates:
            - Path=/router/**
          filters:
            - StripPrefix=1
logging:
  level:
    root: debug
    web: debug
    sql: debug
  1. 新建一个服务 common-demo, 端口 8090,提供路由目的接口,如下:

    @RestController
    @RequestMapping("test")
    public class TestController {
    
        @RequestMapping("demo")
        public String demo(String msg) {
            return "收到消息 :" + msg;
        }
    }
    
  2. 请求如下:
    【项目实践01】【请求的路由转发】_第1张图片

2. 研究路由原理

由于 spring-cloud-starter-gateway 使用的是 Spring Webflux,所以请求的入口是 DispatcherHandler, 基本逻辑与 Spring Web 类似,都是根据请求生成对应的 Handler 并找到对应的 HandlerAdapter 来处理请求结果,不同的是 Webflux 通过IO 多路复用增加了服务的并发访问量。

	// org.springframework.web.reactive.DispatcherHandler#handle
	@Override
	public Mono<Void> handle(ServerWebExchange exchange) {
		if (this.handlerMappings == null) {
			return createNotFoundError();
		}
		if (CorsUtils.isPreFlightRequest(exchange.getRequest())) {
			return handlePreFlight(exchange);
		}
		// 从 handlerMappings 中寻找合适的 handler ,通过 invokeHandler 调用 handler 并通过 handleResult 返回结果.
		return Flux.fromIterable(this.handlerMappings)
				// 1. 寻找合适的 Handler :顺序执行 handlerMappings.getHandler 方法,遇到第一个返回不为空的继续执行
				.concatMap(mapping -> mapping.getHandler(exchange))
				.next()
				// 如果全部为空则切换到NotFounc 逻辑
				.switchIfEmpty(createNotFoundError())
				// 2. 找到合适的 HandlerAdapter 来调用执行 Handler
				.flatMap(handler -> invokeHandler(exchange, handler))
				// 3. 处理 Handler 调用结果
				.flatMap(result -> handleResult(exchange, result));
	}

2.1 寻找合适的 Handler

上面代码中的 handlerMappings 默认有四个实现,如下,默认会按照次顺序寻找能当前请求的 HandlerMapping :

org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.support.RouterFunctionMapping
org.springframework.web.reactive.result.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping
org.springframework.cloud.gateway.handler.RoutePredicateHandlerMapping
org.springframework.web.reactive.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping

对于网关转发的请求,是交由 RoutePredicateHandlerMapping#getHandlerInternal 来处理,而 RoutePredicateHandlerMapping#getHandlerInternal 的逻辑就是根据当前请求路径匹配对应的路由 (Route)并返回。

	@Override
	protected Mono<?> getHandlerInternal(ServerWebExchange exchange) {
		// don't handle requests on management port if set and different than server port
		if (this.managementPortType == DIFFERENT && this.managementPort != null
				&& exchange.getRequest().getLocalAddress() != null
				&& exchange.getRequest().getLocalAddress().getPort() == this.managementPort) {
			return Mono.empty();
		}
		exchange.getAttributes().put(GATEWAY_HANDLER_MAPPER_ATTR, getSimpleName());
		// 根据当前请求寻找匹配路由,返回 webHandler,
		// 这里的 webHandler 是 RoutePredicateHandlerMapping 的全局变量,实现类是 FilteringWebHandler
		return lookupRoute(exchange)
				.flatMap((Function<Route, Mono<?>>) r -> {
					// 移除 GATEWAY_PREDICATE_ROUTE_ATTR 属性
					exchange.getAttributes().remove(GATEWAY_PREDICATE_ROUTE_ATTR);
					if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
						logger.debug("Mapping [" + getExchangeDesc(exchange) + "] to " + r);
					}
					// 添加属性 GATEWAY_ROUTE_ATTR, value 是当前 route
					exchange.getAttributes().put(GATEWAY_ROUTE_ATTR, r);
					return Mono.just(webHandler);
				}).switchIfEmpty(Mono.empty().then(Mono.fromRunnable(() -> {
					exchange.getAttributes().remove(GATEWAY_PREDICATE_ROUTE_ATTR);
					if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
						logger.trace("No RouteDefinition found for [" + getExchangeDesc(exchange) + "]");
					}
				})));
	}


	// 查找当前请求对应的路由 并返回。
	protected Mono<Route> lookupRoute(ServerWebExchange exchange) {
		// 从配置的路由中寻找
		return this.routeLocator.getRoutes()
				// individually filter routes so that filterWhen error delaying is not a
				// problem
				.concatMap(route -> Mono.just(route).filterWhen(r -> {
					// 过滤出满足当前请求的路由,将其id添加到 exchange 属性中,在下面 r.getPredicate().apply(exchange) 中会使用到。
					exchange.getAttributes().put(GATEWAY_PREDICATE_ROUTE_ATTR, r.getId());
					return r.getPredicate().apply(exchange);
				})
						.doOnError(e -> logger.error("Error applying predicate for route: " + route.getId(), e))
						.onErrorResume(e -> Mono.empty()))
				.next()
				// TODO: error handling
				.map(route -> {
					validateRoute(route, exchange);
					return route;
				});
	}

2.2 执行 Handler

	// 调用处理器,逻辑基本和 Spring Web 相同:找到合适的 HandlerAdapter 执行并返回
	private Mono<HandlerResult> invokeHandler(ServerWebExchange exchange, Object handler) {
		if (ObjectUtils.nullSafeEquals(exchange.getResponse().getStatusCode(), HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN)) {
			return Mono.empty();  // CORS rejection
		}
		if (this.handlerAdapters != null) {
			for (HandlerAdapter handlerAdapter : this.handlerAdapters) {
				if (handlerAdapter.supports(handler)) {
					return handlerAdapter.handle(exchange, handler);
				}
			}
		}
		return Mono.error(new IllegalStateException("No HandlerAdapter: " + handler));
	}

这里 HandlerAdapter 默认是下面四个实现类,我们的请求会交由 SimpleHandlerAdapter 来完成。

org.springframework.web.reactive.socket.server.support.WebSocketHandlerAdapter
org.springframework.web.reactive.result.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.support.HandlerFunctionAdapter
org.springframework.web.reactive.result.SimpleHandlerAdapter

SimpleHandlerAdapter 实现如下:SimpleHandlerAdapter 是直接调用 Handler#handle 方法处理的请求

public class SimpleHandlerAdapter implements HandlerAdapter {

	@Override
	public boolean supports(Object handler) {
		return WebHandler.class.isAssignableFrom(handler.getClass());
	}

	@Override
	public Mono<HandlerResult> handle(ServerWebExchange exchange, Object handler) {
		WebHandler webHandler = (WebHandler) handler;
		Mono<Void> mono = webHandler.handle(exchange);
		// 这里当 webHandler.handle(exchange) 执行完毕后,替换一个空的 Mono 返回
		return mono.then(Mono.empty());
	}

}

而这里的 handler 就是 RoutePredicateHandlerMapping#getHandlerInternal 返回的 FilteringWebHandler,所以这里会调用 FilteringWebHandler#handle 方法。

FilteringWebHandler#handle 的方法实现很简单,即根据当前请求对应的路由的过滤器生成过滤器链,并执行。如下:

	@Override
	public Mono<Void> handle(ServerWebExchange exchange) {
		// 获取当前请求匹配的路由,这个属性在 RoutePredicateHandlerMapping#getHandlerInternal 中放入
		Route route = exchange.getRequiredAttribute(GATEWAY_ROUTE_ATTR);
		// 获取当前路由配置的过滤器
		List<GatewayFilter> gatewayFilters = route.getFilters();

		List<GatewayFilter> combined = new ArrayList<>(this.globalFilters);
		combined.addAll(gatewayFilters);
		// TODO: needed or cached?
		// 对过滤器进行排序
		AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(combined);

		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Sorted gatewayFilterFactories: " + combined);
		}
		// 生成过滤器链并执行
		return new DefaultGatewayFilterChain(combined).filter(exchange);
	}

按照 gatewayFilters 排序后的顺序,下面简单看下每个过滤器的作用(关于过滤器的解析并非本文主题,所以参考 Spring Cloud Gateway 源码解析 - 07 - 过滤器解析之 GlobalFilter, 更推荐阅读原文,下面大部分是直接抄的):

  1. RemoveCachedBodyFilter:清理网关请求的上线文参数。需要注意的是 该过滤器虽然排序在最前面,但实际上是在最后执行。

    	@Override
    	public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
    		// 最高的优先级能保证自己最先执行,在内部直接执行其他过滤器,在其他过滤器执行结束后便可以清理资源。
    		return chain.filter(exchange).doFinally(s -> {
    			Object attribute = exchange.getAttributes().remove(CACHED_REQUEST_BODY_ATTR);
    			if (attribute != null && attribute instanceof PooledDataBuffer) {
    				PooledDataBuffer dataBuffer = (PooledDataBuffer) attribute;
    				if (dataBuffer.isAllocated()) {
    					if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
    						log.trace("releasing cached body in exchange attribute");
    					}
    					dataBuffer.release();
    				}
    			}
    		});
    	}
    	// 设置最高的优先级
    	@Override
    	public int getOrder() {
    		return HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE;
    	}
    
  2. AdaptCachedBodyGlobalFilter : 与 RemoveCachedBodyFilter 相反,AdaptCachedBodyGlobalFilter的作用是将请求参数缓存到上下文中。

    public class AdaptCachedBodyGlobalFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered, ApplicationListener<EnableBodyCachingEvent> {
    
    	private ConcurrentMap<String, Boolean> routesToCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
    	
    	// 当配置了重试时, 会通过 RetryGatewayFilterFactory 加载 RetryGatewayFilter过滤器
       // 而在执行重试逻辑时发布 EnableBodyCachingEvent,此处会监听到该事件
    	@Override
    	public void onApplicationEvent(EnableBodyCachingEvent event) {
    		this.routesToCache.putIfAbsent(event.getRouteId(), true);
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
    		// the cached ServerHttpRequest is used when the ServerWebExchange can not be
    		// mutated, for example, during a predicate where the body is read, but still
    		// needs to be cached.
    		// 从上下文获取 CACHED_SERVER_HTTP_REQUEST_DECORATOR_ATTR 缓存 (请求参数的缓存)
    		ServerHttpRequest cachedRequest = exchange.getAttributeOrDefault(CACHED_SERVER_HTTP_REQUEST_DECORATOR_ATTR,
    				null);
    		// 如果 cachedRequest 不为空,则说明已经进行了缓存,则通过缓存的request构建一个上下文请求
    		if (cachedRequest != null) {
    			exchange.getAttributes().remove(CACHED_SERVER_HTTP_REQUEST_DECORATOR_ATTR);
    			return chain.filter(exchange.mutate().request(cachedRequest).build());
    		}
    
    		// 从上下文获取 CACHED_REQUEST_BODY_ATTR 缓存 (请求体的缓存)
    		DataBuffer body = exchange.getAttributeOrDefault(CACHED_REQUEST_BODY_ATTR, null);
    		// 获取当前请求的路由信息
    		Route route = exchange.getAttribute(GATEWAY_ROUTE_ATTR);
    		// 如果满足 if 条件,则说明请求已经被缓存过,
    		if (body != null || !this.routesToCache.containsKey(route.getId())) {
    			return chain.filter(exchange);
    		}
    		// ServerWebExchangeUtils#cacheRequestBody 会调用到 ServerWebExchangeUtils#decorate 方法来进行缓存CACHED_REQUEST_BODY_ATTR
    		return ServerWebExchangeUtils.cacheRequestBody(exchange, (serverHttpRequest) -> {
    			// don't mutate and build if same request object
    			// 如果是同一个请求,则直接执行Filter逻辑
    			if (serverHttpRequest == exchange.getRequest()) {
    				return chain.filter(exchange);
    			}
    			// 否则,通过新的请求构建一个请求上下文
    			return chain.filter(exchange.mutate().request(serverHttpRequest).build());
    		});
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	public int getOrder() {
    		return Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1000;
    	}
    }
    
  3. NettyWriteResponseFilter : 该过滤器和 RemoveCachedBodyFilter 相同,优先加载,最后执行 (在 RemoveCachedBodyFilter 之前执行),其作用是将请求返回的数据写入到 Response 中

    @Override
    public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
    	// NOTICE: nothing in "pre" filter stage as CLIENT_RESPONSE_CONN_ATTR is not added
    	// until the NettyRoutingFilter is run
    	// @formatter:off
    	return chain.filter(exchange)
    			.then(Mono.defer(() -> {
    				// 从上下文中获取CLIENT_RESPONSE_CONN_ATTR,Connection是对NettyChannel的封装
    				//  CLIENT_RESPONSE_CONN_ATTR是在{@link NettyRoutingFilter#filter}中放入的
    				Connection connection = exchange.getAttribute(CLIENT_RESPONSE_CONN_ATTR);
    
    				if (connection == null) {
    					return Mono.empty();
    				}
    				ServerHttpResponse response = exchange.getResponse();
    
    				// TODO: needed?
    				final Flux<DataBuffer> body = connection
    						.inbound()
    						.receive()
    						.retain()
    						.map(byteBuf -> wrap(byteBuf, response));
    
    				MediaType contentType = null;
    				try {
    					contentType = response.getHeaders().getContentType();
    				}
    				catch (Exception e) {
    				}
    				return (isStreamingMediaType(contentType)
    						? response.writeAndFlushWith(body.map(Flux::just))
    						: response.writeWith(body));
    			})).doOnCancel(() -> cleanup(exchange))
    			.doOnError(throwable -> cleanup(exchange));
    	// @formatter:on
    }
    
  4. ForwardPathFilter : 用来处理 Forward URI,对应 ForwardRoutingFilter 来转发请求。

    	@Override
    	public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
    		Route route = exchange.getAttribute(GATEWAY_ROUTE_ATTR);
    		URI routeUri = route.getUri();
    		String scheme = routeUri.getScheme();
    		//如果请求已经被处理过或者uri的scheme不是forward,则不处理
    		//可以通过自定义过滤器来设置GATEWAY_ALREADY_ROUTED_ATTR为true从而使Filter不起作用
    		if (isAlreadyRouted(exchange) || !"forward".equals(scheme)) {
    			return chain.filter(exchange);
    		}
    		//替换请求path重新构建path
    		exchange = exchange.mutate().request(exchange.getRequest().mutate().path(routeUri.getPath()).build()).build();
    		return chain.filter(exchange);
    	}
    
  5. RouteToRequestUrlFilter : 根据 Router 生成真正的请求路径

    	@Override
    	public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
    		Route route = exchange.getAttribute(GATEWAY_ROUTE_ATTR);
    		// route 为空则不执行 (GATEWAY_ROUTE_ATTR 在RoutePredicateHandlerMapping中放入的)
    		if (route == null) {
    			return chain.filter(exchange);
    		}
    		log.trace("RouteToRequestUrlFilter start");
    		URI uri = exchange.getRequest().getURI();
    		boolean encoded = containsEncodedParts(uri);
    		URI routeUri = route.getUri();
    		// 判断是否为其他类型的协议 如:lb,则会将lb去掉
    		if (hasAnotherScheme(routeUri)) {
    			// this is a special url, save scheme to special attribute
    			// replace routeUri with schemeSpecificPart
    			// 将当前请求的schema放入上下文
    			exchange.getAttributes().put(GATEWAY_SCHEME_PREFIX_ATTR, routeUri.getScheme());
    			// 创建新的 routeUri 
    			routeUri = URI.create(routeUri.getSchemeSpecificPart());
    		}
    		// 如果RouteUri以lb开头,必须请求中带有host 
    		if ("lb".equalsIgnoreCase(routeUri.getScheme()) && routeUri.getHost() == null) {
    			// Load balanced URIs should always have a host. If the host is null it is
    			// most
    			// likely because the host name was invalid (for example included an
    			// underscore)
    			throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid host: " + routeUri.toString());
    		}
    		//生成RequestURL,并放入上下文中
    		//此处生成的URL的Path最终会以请求的Path为主,会覆盖真正的RouteUri,
    		// 例如RouteUri为http://localhost:8088/api/hello,请求的URI为http://localhost:8080/api,
    		// 那此处生成的URL为http://localhost:8080/api
    		URI mergedUrl = UriComponentsBuilder.fromUri(uri)
    				// .uri(routeUri)
    				.scheme(routeUri.getScheme()).host(routeUri.getHost()).port(routeUri.getPort()).build(encoded).toUri();
    		exchange.getAttributes().put(GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR, mergedUrl);
    		return chain.filter(exchange);
    	}
    
  6. NoLoadBalancerClientFilter : 当没有配置注册中心时,也就不需要负载均衡,所以加载该过滤器,相应的还存在负载均衡的过滤器 ReactiveLoadBalancerClientFilter

    		@Override
    		@SuppressWarnings("Duplicates")
    		public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
    			URI url = exchange.getAttribute(GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR);
    			String schemePrefix = exchange.getAttribute(GATEWAY_SCHEME_PREFIX_ATTR);
    			// 判断如果请求需要负载均衡的情况下直接抛出 404
    			if (url == null || (!"lb".equals(url.getScheme()) && !"lb".equals(schemePrefix))) {
    				return chain.filter(exchange);
    			}
    
    			throw NotFoundException.create(use404, "Unable to find instance for " + url.getHost());
    		}
    
  7. WebsocketRoutingFilter : 处理 websocket 类型的请求。当请求上下文中的 GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR 的 URL 中的协议 (schema) 为 ws 或者 wss 该 Filter 生效,使用 Spring 的 WebSocket 对请求进行转发。同时可以进行负载均衡,通过在 Route 的 URI 配置前边加上 lb: 生效。

    	@Override
    	public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
    		changeSchemeIfIsWebSocketUpgrade(exchange);
    
    		URI requestUrl = exchange.getRequiredAttribute(GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR);
    		String scheme = requestUrl.getScheme();
    		// 如果是已经路由 || 非 ws、 wss 协议则直接跳过
    		if (isAlreadyRouted(exchange) || (!"ws".equals(scheme) && !"wss".equals(scheme))) {
    			return chain.filter(exchange);
    		}
    		// 设置为已被处理,后边的NettyRoutingFilter或者WebClientHttpRoutingFilter则不会执行
    		setAlreadyRouted(exchange);
    
    		HttpHeaders headers = exchange.getRequest().getHeaders();
    		HttpHeaders filtered = filterRequest(getHeadersFilters(), exchange);
    
    		List<String> protocols = getProtocols(headers);
    		// 通过{@link HandshakeWebSocketService}去转发的请
    		return this.webSocketService.handleRequest(exchange,
    				new ProxyWebSocketHandler(requestUrl, this.webSocketClient, filtered, protocols));
    	}
    
  8. NettyRoutingFilter : 用来处理 http、https 的请求。使用基于 Netty HttpClient 请求后端的服务,上边讲到的 NettyWriteResponseFilter 用来处理 NettyRoutingFilter 请求后端获得的响应,将响应写回给客户端。同时 SCG 还定义了 WebClientHttpRoutingFilter,于 NettyRoutingFilter 类似,区别在于没有使用 Netty 去做请求转发的代理。NettyRoutingFilter 中会将请求的响应放入上下文中,供 NettyWriteResponseFilter 使用。

    	@Override
    	@SuppressWarnings("Duplicates")
    	public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
    		URI requestUrl = exchange.getRequiredAttribute(GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR);
    
    		String scheme = requestUrl.getScheme();
    		// 如果已经处理过 或 非 http、https 请求则跳过
    		if (isAlreadyRouted(exchange) || (!"http".equalsIgnoreCase(scheme) && !"https".equalsIgnoreCase(scheme))) {
    			return chain.filter(exchange);
    		}
    		// 设置已经处理过
    		setAlreadyRouted(exchange);
    		// 获取请求各种属性
    		ServerHttpRequest request = exchange.getRequest();
    		
    		final HttpMethod method = HttpMethod.valueOf(request.getMethodValue());
    		final String url = requestUrl.toASCIIString();
    		// 执行请求头Filter,如ForwardedHeadersFilter、RemoveHopByHopHeadersFilter、XForwardedHeadersFilter
    		HttpHeaders filtered = filterRequest(getHeadersFilters(), exchange);
    		//基于filter过后的请求头创建Http请求头
    		final DefaultHttpHeaders httpHeaders = new DefaultHttpHeaders();
    		filtered.forEach(httpHeaders::set);
    		// 是否在请求头中增加 Host 信息
    		boolean preserveHost = exchange.getAttributeOrDefault(PRESERVE_HOST_HEADER_ATTRIBUTE, false);
    		Route route = exchange.getAttribute(GATEWAY_ROUTE_ATTR);
    		// 构建 HttpCLient
    		Flux<HttpClientResponse> responseFlux = getHttpClient(route, exchange).headers(headers -> {
    			headers.add(httpHeaders);
    			// Will either be set below, or later by Netty
    			// 移除并根据需要决定是否添加新的 HOST
    			headers.remove(HttpHeaders.HOST);
    			if (preserveHost) {
    				String host = request.getHeaders().getFirst(HttpHeaders.HOST);
    				headers.add(HttpHeaders.HOST, host);
    			}
    		}).request(method).uri(url).send((req, nettyOutbound) -> {
    			if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
    				nettyOutbound.withConnection(connection -> log.trace("outbound route: "
    						+ connection.channel().id().asShortText() + ", inbound: " + exchange.getLogPrefix()));
    			}
    			return nettyOutbound.send(request.getBody().map(this::getByteBuf));
    		}).responseConnection((res, connection) -> {
    
    			// Defer committing the response until all route filters have run
    			// Put client response as ServerWebExchange attribute and write
    			// response later NettyWriteResponseFilter
    			// 将调用真实服务返回的Response放入上下文,但NettyWriteResponseFilter中也没有用
    			exchange.getAttributes().put(CLIENT_RESPONSE_ATTR, res);
    			// 将Netty Channle放入上下文供NettyWriteResponseFilter使用
    			exchange.getAttributes().put(CLIENT_RESPONSE_CONN_ATTR, connection);
    
    			ServerHttpResponse response = exchange.getResponse();
    			// put headers and status so filters can modify the response
    			HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
    			// 设置响应头
    			res.responseHeaders().forEach(entry -> headers.add(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
    
    			String contentTypeValue = headers.getFirst(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE);
    			if (StringUtils.hasLength(contentTypeValue)) {
    				exchange.getAttributes().put(ORIGINAL_RESPONSE_CONTENT_TYPE_ATTR, contentTypeValue);
    			}
    			// 设置响应状态
    			setResponseStatus(res, response);
    
    			// make sure headers filters run after setting status so it is
    			// available in response
    			HttpHeaders filteredResponseHeaders = HttpHeadersFilter.filter(getHeadersFilters(), headers, exchange,
    					Type.RESPONSE);
    
    			if (!filteredResponseHeaders.containsKey(HttpHeaders.TRANSFER_ENCODING)
    					&& filteredResponseHeaders.containsKey(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_LENGTH)) {
    				// It is not valid to have both the transfer-encoding header and
    				// the content-length header.
    				// Remove the transfer-encoding header in the response if the
    				// content-length header is present.
    				response.getHeaders().remove(HttpHeaders.TRANSFER_ENCODING);
    			}
    
    			exchange.getAttributes().put(CLIENT_RESPONSE_HEADER_NAMES, filteredResponseHeaders.keySet());
    
    			response.getHeaders().addAll(filteredResponseHeaders);
    
    			return Mono.just(res);
    		});
    		// 设置请求超时时间
    		Duration responseTimeout = getResponseTimeout(route);
    		if (responseTimeout != null) {
    			responseFlux = responseFlux
    					.timeout(responseTimeout,
    							Mono.error(new TimeoutException("Response took longer than timeout: " + responseTimeout)))
    					.onErrorMap(TimeoutException.class,
    							th -> new ResponseStatusException(HttpStatus.GATEWAY_TIMEOUT, th.getMessage(), th));
    		}
    
    		return responseFlux.then(chain.filter(exchange));
    	}
    
  9. ForwardRoutingFilter : 用来处理 forward 协议的请求,将 ForwardPathFilter 构建的新的 Request 发送给 DispatcherHandler 处理。

    	@Override
    	public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
    		URI requestUrl = exchange.getRequiredAttribute(GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR);
    
    		String scheme = requestUrl.getScheme();
    		//判定是否已经处理过或者请求协议为forward,如果不是则忽略
    		if (isAlreadyRouted(exchange) || !"forward".equals(scheme)) {
    			return chain.filter(exchange);
    		}
    		// 交由 DispatcherHandler 来处理
    		return this.getDispatcherHandler().handle(exchange);
    	}
    

其他补充:

  1. 关于 ServerWebExchangeUtils#setAlreadyRouted : 该方法是记录当前请求已经被处理,在NettyRoutingFilter、WebClientHttpRoutingFilter、WebsocketRoutingFilter、JsonToGrpcGatewayFilterFactory 中都有调用,其实可以看出来这四个过滤器处理的是不同协议的请求(WebClientHttpRoutingFilter 和 NettyRoutingFilter 都是处理 Http 和 Https 协议的请求,不同的是 NettyRoutingFilter 处理是通过 Netty 方式发起的请求,而 WebClientHttpRoutingFilter 则是处理普通的请求)
  2. 其他GlobalFilter:因为本篇例子的局限性,还存在一些其他的没有被加载,如 与 NoLoadBalancerClientFilter 对应的 ReactiveLoadBalancerClientFilter ,当需要进行负载均衡的时候加载该 FIlter;GatewayMetricsFilter, 需要添加 spring-boot-starter-actuator 依赖,可通过 spring.cloud.gateway.metrics.enabled=true/false 进行配置,默认为开启状态。可以通过 /actuator/metrics/gateway.requests 来访问查看。

2.3 处理调用结果

需要注意的是,如果是需要 gateway 转发的请求,则并不会执行到这一步,因为在对应协议的处理过程中就将请求的返回值写入 Response 中了。

	// 处理调用结果 : 获取合适的结果处理器,处理并执行
	private Mono<Void> handleResult(ServerWebExchange exchange, HandlerResult result) {
		// 获取结果处理器处理结果
		return getResultHandler(result).handleResult(exchange, result)
				// 设置检查点,如果处理异常会打印
				.checkpoint("Handler " + result.getHandler() + " [DispatcherHandler]")
				.onErrorResume(ex ->
						result.applyExceptionHandler(ex).flatMap(exResult -> {
							String text = "Exception handler " + exResult.getHandler() +
									", error=\"" + ex.getMessage() + "\" [DispatcherHandler]";
							return getResultHandler(exResult).handleResult(exchange, exResult).checkpoint(text);
						}));
	}
	
	// 获取可以处理当前结果的结果处理器
	private HandlerResultHandler getResultHandler(HandlerResult handlerResult) {
		if (this.resultHandlers != null) {
			for (HandlerResultHandler resultHandler : this.resultHandlers) {
				if (resultHandler.supports(handlerResult)) {
					return resultHandler;
				}
			}
		}
		throw new IllegalStateException("No HandlerResultHandler for " + handlerResult.getReturnValue());
	}

默认情况下 this.resultHandlers 会加载下面四个处理器。

org.springframework.web.reactive.result.method.annotation.ResponseEntityResultHandler :处理HttpEntityResponseEntity返回值。
org.springframework.web.reactive.function.server.support.ServerResponseResultHandler : 处理 ServerResponses 返回值
org.springframework.web.reactive.result.method.annotation.ResponseBodyResultHandler :当它检测到@ResponseBody的存在时,它应该在查找特定返回类型的结果处理程序之后排序。但是请注意,此处理程序可以识别并显式忽略ResponseEntity返回类型。
org.springframework.web.reactive.result.view.ViewResolutionResultHandler : 视图解析器。

参考内容

https://my.oschina.net/u/4970510/blog/5282057
https://blog.csdn.net/yaomingyang/article/details/112686324

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