Spring Boot 接口频繁超时,Alibaba 开源 Arthas 精准定位 BUG 问题

公司有个渠道系统,专门对接三方渠道使用,没有什么业务逻辑,主要是转换报文和参数校验之类的工作,起着一个承上启下的作用。

最近在优化接口的响应时间,优化了代码之后,但是时间还是达不到要求;有一个诡异的100ms左右的耗时问题,在接口中打印了请求处理时间后,和调用方的响应时间还有差了100ms左右。比如程序里记录150ms,但是调用方等待时间却为250ms左右。

下面记录下当时详细的定位&解决流程(其实解决很简单,关键在于怎么定位并找到解决问题的方法)

定位过程

分析代码

渠道系统是一个常见的spring-boot web工程,使用了集成的tomcat。分析了代码之后,发现并没有特殊的地方,没有特殊的过滤器或者拦截器,所以初步排除是业务代码问题

分析调用流程

出现这个问题之后,首先确认了下接口的调用流程。由于是内部测试,所以调用流程较少。

Nginx -反向代理-> 渠道系统

公司是云服务器,网络走的也是云的内网。由于不明确问题的原因,所以用排除法,首先确认服务器网络是否有问题。

先确认发送端到Nginx Host是否有问题:

[jboss@VM_0_139_centos ~]$ ping10.0.0.139

PING10.0.0.139(10.0.0.139)56(84) bytes of data.

64bytes from10.0.0.139: icmp_seq=1ttl=64time=0.029ms

64bytes from10.0.0.139: icmp_seq=2ttl=64time=0.041ms

64bytes from10.0.0.139: icmp_seq=3ttl=64time=0.040ms

64bytes from10.0.0.139: icmp_seq=4ttl=64time=0.040ms

从ping结果上看,发送端到Nginx主机的延迟是无问题的,接下来查看Nginx到渠道系统的网络。

# 由于日志是没问题的,这里直接复制上面日志了

[jboss@VM_0_139_centos ~]$ ping10.0.0.139

PING10.0.0.139(10.0.0.139)56(84) bytes of data.

64bytes from10.0.0.139: icmp_seq=1ttl=64time=0.029ms

64bytes from10.0.0.139: icmp_seq=2ttl=64time=0.041ms

64bytes from10.0.0.139: icmp_seq=3ttl=64time=0.040ms

64bytes from10.0.0.139: icmp_seq=4ttl=64time=0.040ms

从ping结果上看,Nginx到渠道系统服务器网络延迟也是没问题的

既然网络看似没问题,那么可以继续排除法,砍掉Nginx,客户端直接再渠道系统的服务器上,通过回环地址(localhost)直连,避免经过网卡/dns,缩小问题范围看看能否复现(这个应用和地址是我后期模拟的,测试的是一个空接口):

[jboss@VM_10_91_centos tmp]$ curl -w"@curl-time.txt"http://127.0.0.1:7744/send

success

http:200

dns:0.001s

redirect:0.000s

time_connect:0.001s

time_appconnect:0.000s

time_pretransfer:0.001s

time_starttransfer:0.073s

size_download:7bytes

speed_download:95.000B/s

----------

time_total:0.073s 请求总耗时

从curl日志上看,通过回环地址调用一个空接口耗时也有73ms。这就奇怪了,跳过了中间所有调用节点(包括过滤器&拦截器之类),直接请求应用一个空接口,都有73ms的耗时,再请求一次看看:

[jboss@VM_10_91_centos tmp]$ curl -w"@curl-time.txt"http://127.0.0.1:7744/send

success

http:200

dns:0.001s

redirect:0.000s

time_connect:0.001s

time_appconnect:0.000s

time_pretransfer:0.001s

time_starttransfer:0.003s

size_download:7bytes

speed_download:2611.000B/s

----------

time_total:0.003s

更奇怪的是,第二次请求耗时就正常了,变成了3ms。经查阅资料,linux curl是默认开启http keep-alive的。就算不开启keep-alive,每次重新handshake,也不至于需要70ms。

经过不断分析测试发现,连续请求的话时间就会很短,每次请求只需要几毫秒,但是如果隔一段时间再请求,就会花费70ms以上。

从这个现象猜想,可能是某些缓存机制导致的,连续请求因为有缓存,所以速度快,时间长缓存失效后导致时间长。

那么这个问题点到底在哪一层呢?tomcat层还是spring-webmvc呢?

光猜想定位不了问题,还是得实际测试一下,把渠道系统的代码放到本地ide里启动测试能否复现

但是导入本地Ide后,在Ide中启动后并不能复现问题,并没有70+ms的延迟问题。这下头疼了,本地无法复现,不能Debug,由于问题点不在业务代码,也不能通过加日志的方式来Debug

这时候可以祭出神器Arthas了

Arthas分析问题

Arthas 是Alibaba开源的Java诊断工具,深受开发者喜爱。当你遇到以下类似问题而束手无策时,Arthas可以帮助你解决:

这个类从哪个 jar 包加载的?为什么会报各种类相关的 Exception?

我改的代码为什么没有执行到?难道是我没 commit?分支搞错了?

遇到问题无法在线上 debug,难道只能通过加日志再重新发布吗?

线上遇到某个用户的数据处理有问题,但线上同样无法 debug,线下无法重现!

是否有一个全局视角来查看系统的运行状况?

有什么办法可以监控到JVM的实时运行状态?

上面是Arthas的官方简介,这次我只需要用他的一个小功能trace。动态计算方法调用路径和时间,这样我就可以定位时间在哪个地方被消耗了。

trace 方法内部调用路径,并输出方法路径上的每个节点上耗时

trace 命令能主动搜索 class-pattern/method-pattern

对应的方法调用路径,渲染和统计整个调用链路上的所有性能开销和追踪调用链路。

有了神器,那该追踪什么方法呢?由于我对Tomcat源码不是很熟,所以只能从spring mvc下手,先来trace一下spring mvc的入口:

[arthas@24851]$ trace org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet *

Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort.

Affect(class-cnt:1 ,method-cnt:44)costin508ms.

`---ts

=2019-09-1421:07:44;thread_name=http-nio-7744-exec-2;id=11;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedWebappClassLoader@7c136917

`---[2.952142ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:buildLocaleContext()

`---ts=2019-09-1421:07:44;thread_name=http-nio-7744-exec-2;id=11;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedWebappClassLoader@7c136917

`---[18.08903ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:doService()

+---[0.041346ms] org.apache.commons.logging.Log:isDebugEnabled() #889

+---[0.022398ms] org.springframework.web.util.WebUtils:isIncludeRequest() #898

+---[0.014904ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:getWebApplicationContext() #910

+---[1.071879ms] javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest:setAttribute() #910

+---[0.020977ms] javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest:setAttribute() #911

+---[0.017073ms] javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest:setAttribute() #912

+---[0.218277ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:getThemeSource() #913

|   `---[0.137568ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:getThemeSource()

|       `---[min=0.00783ms,max=0.014251ms,total=0.022081ms,count=2] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:getWebApplicationContext() #782

+---[0.019363ms] javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest:setAttribute() #913

+---[0.070694ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.FlashMapManager:retrieveAndUpdate() #916

+---[0.01839ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.FlashMap:() #920

+---[0.016943ms] javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest:setAttribute() #920

+---[0.015268ms] javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest:setAttribute() #921

+---[15.050124ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:doDispatch() #925

|   `---[14.943477ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:doDispatch()

|       +---[0.019135ms] org.springframework.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncUtils:getAsyncManager() #953

|       +---[2.108373ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:checkMultipart() #960

|       |   `---[2.004436ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:checkMultipart()

|       |       `---[1.890845ms] org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartResolver:isMultipart() #1117

|       +---[2.054361ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:getHandler() #964

|       |   `---[1.961963ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:getHandler()

|       |       +---[0.02051ms] java.util.List:iterator() #1183

|       |       +---[min=0.003805ms,max=0.009641ms,total=0.013446ms,count=2] java.util.Iterator:hasNext() #1183

|       |       +---[min=0.003181ms,max=0.009751ms,total=0.012932ms,count=2] java.util.Iterator:next() #1183

|       |       +---[min=0.005841ms,max=0.015308ms,total=0.021149ms,count=2] org.apache.commons.logging.Log:isTraceEnabled() #1184

|       |       `---[min=0.474739ms,max=1.19145ms,total=1.666189ms,count=2] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerMapping:getHandler() #1188

|       +---[0.013071ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExecutionChain:getHandler() #971

|       +---[0.372236ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:getHandlerAdapter() #971

|       |   `---[0.280073ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:getHandlerAdapter()

|       |       +---[0.004804ms] java.util.List:iterator() #1224

|       |       +---[0.003668ms] java.util.Iterator:hasNext() #1224

|       |       +---[0.003038ms] java.util.Iterator:next() #1224

|       |       +---[0.006451ms] org.apache.commons.logging.Log:isTraceEnabled() #1225

|       |       `---[0.012683ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerAdapter:supports() #1228

|       +---[0.012848ms] javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest:getMethod() #974

|       +---[0.013132ms] java.lang.String:equals() #975

|       +---[0.003025ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExecutionChain:getHandler() #977

|       +---[0.008095ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerAdapter:getLastModified() #977

|       +---[0.006596ms] org.apache.commons.logging.Log:isDebugEnabled() #978

|       +---[0.018024ms] org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletWebRequest:() #981

|       +---[0.017869ms] org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletWebRequest:checkNotModified() #981

|       +---[0.038542ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExecutionChain:applyPreHandle() #986

|       +---[0.00431ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExecutionChain:getHandler() #991

|       +---[4.248493ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerAdapter:handle() #991

|       +---[0.014805ms] org.springframework.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncManager:isConcurrentHandlingStarted() #993

|       +---[1.444994ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:applyDefaultViewName() #997

|       |   `---[0.067631ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:applyDefaultViewName()

|       +---[0.012027ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExecutionChain:applyPostHandle() #998

|       +---[0.373997ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:processDispatchResult() #1008

|       |   `---[0.197004ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet:processDispatchResult()

|       |       +---[0.007074ms] org.apache.commons.logging.Log:isDebugEnabled() #1075

|       |       +---[0.005467ms] org.springframework.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncUtils:getAsyncManager() #1081

|       |       +---[0.004054ms] org.springframework.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncManager:isConcurrentHandlingStarted() #1081

|       |       `---[0.011988ms] org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExecutionChain:triggerAfterCompletion() #1087

|       `---[0.004015ms] org.springframework.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncManager:isConcurrentHandlingStarted() #1018

+---[0.005055ms] org.springframework.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncUtils:getAsyncManager() #928

`---[0.003422ms] org.springframework.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncManager:isConcurrentHandlingStarted() #928

~

[jboss@VM_10_91_centos tmp]$ curl -w"@curl-time.txt"http://127.0.0.1:7744/send

success

http:200

dns:0.001s

redirect:0.000s

time_connect:0.001s

time_appconnect:0.000s

time_pretransfer:0.001s

time_starttransfer:0.115s

size_download:7bytes

speed_download:60.000B/s

----------

time_total:0.115s

本次调用,调用端时间花费115ms,但是从arthas trace上看,spring mvc只消耗了18ms,那么剩下的97ms去哪了呢?

本地测试后已经可以排除spring mvc的问题了,最后也是唯一可能出问题的点就是tomcat

可是本人并不熟悉tomcat中的源码,就连请求入口都不清楚,tomcat里需要trace的类都不好找。。。

不过没关系,有神器Arthas,可以通过stack命令来反向查找调用路径,以org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet作为参数:

stack 输出当前方法被调用的调用路径

很多时候我们都知道一个方法被执行,但这个方法被执行的路径非常多,或者你根本就不知道这个方法是从那里被执行了,此时你需要的是 stack 命令。

[arthas@24851]$ stack org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet *

Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort.

Affect(class-cnt:1 ,method-cnt:44)costin495ms.

ts

=2019-09-1421:15:19;thread_name=http-nio-7744-exec-5;id=14;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedWebappClassLoader@7c136917

@org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest()

at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:866)

at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:635)

at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:851)

at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:742)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:231)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)

at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)

at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:99)

at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)

at org.springframework.web.filter.HttpPutFormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(HttpPutFormContentFilter.java:109)

at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)

at org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:81)

at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)

at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:200)

at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)

at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:198)

at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:96)

at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:496)

at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:140)

at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:81)

at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:87)

at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:342)

at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:803)

at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66)

at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:790)

at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1468)

at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)

at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)

at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)

at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)

at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

ts=2019-09-1421:15:19;thread_name=http-nio-7744-exec-5;id=14;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.web.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedWebappClassLoader@7c136917

@org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService()

at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:974)

at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:866)

at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:635)

at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:851)

at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:742)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:231)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)

at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)

at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:99)

at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)

at org.springframework.web.filter.HttpPutFormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(HttpPutFormContentFilter.java:109)

at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)

at org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:81)

at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)

at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:200)

at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:193)

at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:166)

at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:198)

at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:96)

at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:496)

at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:140)

at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:81)

at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:87)

at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:342)

at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:803)

at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66)

at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:790)

at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1468)

at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)

at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)

at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)

at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)

at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

从stack日志上可以很直观的看出DispatchServlet的调用栈,那么这么长的路径,该trace哪个类呢(这里跳过spring mvc中的过滤器的trace过程,实际排查的时候也trace了一遍,但这诡异的时间消耗不是由这里过滤器产生的)?

有一定经验的老司机从名字上大概也能猜出来从哪里下手比较好,那就是org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service,从名字上看,http1.1处理器,这可能是一个比较好的切入点。下面来trace一下:

[arthas@24851]$ trace org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor service

Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort.

Affect(class-cnt:1 ,method-cnt:1)costin269ms.

`---ts

=2019-09-1421:22:51;thread_name=http-nio-7744-exec-8;id=17;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.loader.LaunchedURLClassLoader@20ad9418

`---[131.650285ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:service()

+---[0.036851ms] org.apache.coyote.Request:getRequestProcessor() #667

+---[0.009986ms] org.apache.coyote.RequestInfo:setStage() #668

+---[0.008928ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:setSocketWrapper() #671

+---[0.013236ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11InputBuffer:init() #672

+---[0.00981ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11OutputBuffer:init() #673

+---[min=0.00213ms,max=0.007317ms,total=0.009447ms,count=2] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:getErrorState() #683

+---[min=0.002098ms,max=0.008888ms,total=0.010986ms,count=2] org.apache.coyote.ErrorState:isError() #683

+---[min=0.002448ms,max=0.007149ms,total=0.009597ms,count=2] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:isAsync() #683

+---[min=0.002399ms,max=0.00852ms,total=0.010919ms,count=2] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint:isPaused() #683

+---[min=0.033587ms,max=0.11832ms,total=0.151907ms,count=2] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11InputBuffer:parseRequestLine() #687

+---[0.005384ms] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint:isPaused() #695

+---[0.007924ms] org.apache.coyote.Request:getMimeHeaders() #702

+---[0.006744ms] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint:getMaxHeaderCount() #702

+---[0.012574ms] org.apache.tomcat.util.http.MimeHeaders:setLimit() #702

+---[0.14319ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11InputBuffer:parseHeaders() #703

+---[0.003997ms] org.apache.coyote.Request:getMimeHeaders() #743

+---[0.026561ms] org.apache.tomcat.util.http.MimeHeaders:values() #743

+---[min=0.002869ms,max=0.01203ms,total=0.014899ms,count=2] java.util.Enumeration:hasMoreElements() #745

+---[0.070114ms] java.util.Enumeration:nextElement() #746

+---[0.010921ms] java.lang.String:toLowerCase() #746

+---[0.008453ms] java.lang.String:contains() #746

+---[0.002698ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:getErrorState() #775

+---[0.00307ms] org.apache.coyote.ErrorState:isError() #775

+---[0.002708ms] org.apache.coyote.RequestInfo:setStage() #777

+---[0.171139ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:prepareRequest() #779

+---[0.009349ms] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketWrapperBase:decrementKeepAlive() #794

+---[0.002574ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:getErrorState() #800

+---[0.002696ms] org.apache.coyote.ErrorState:isError() #800

+---[0.002499ms] org.apache.coyote.RequestInfo:setStage() #802

+---[0.005641ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:getAdapter() #803

+---[129.868916ms] org.apache.coyote.Adapter:service() #803

+---[0.003859ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:getErrorState() #809

+---[0.002365ms] org.apache.coyote.ErrorState:isError() #809

+---[0.003844ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:isAsync() #809

+---[0.002382ms] org.apache.coyote.Response:getStatus() #809

+---[0.002476ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:statusDropsConnection() #809

+---[0.002284ms] org.apache.coyote.RequestInfo:setStage() #838

+---[0.00222ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:isAsync() #839

+---[0.037873ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:endRequest() #843

+---[0.002188ms] org.apache.coyote.RequestInfo:setStage() #845

+---[0.002112ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:getErrorState() #849

+---[0.002063ms] org.apache.coyote.ErrorState:isError() #849

+---[0.002504ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:isAsync() #853

+---[0.009808ms] org.apache.coyote.Request:updateCounters() #854

+---[0.002008ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:getErrorState() #855

+---[0.002192ms] org.apache.coyote.ErrorState:isIoAllowed() #855

+---[0.01968ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11InputBuffer:nextRequest() #856

+---[0.010065ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11OutputBuffer:nextRequest() #857

+---[0.002576ms] org.apache.coyote.RequestInfo:setStage() #870

+---[0.016599ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:processSendfile() #872

+---[0.008182ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11InputBuffer:getParsingRequestLinePhase() #688

+---[0.0075ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:handleIncompleteRequestLineRead() #690

+---[0.001979ms] org.apache.coyote.RequestInfo:setStage() #875

+---[0.001981ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:getErrorState() #877

+---[0.001934ms] org.apache.coyote.ErrorState:isError() #877

+---[0.001995ms] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.AbstractEndpoint:isPaused() #877

+---[0.002403ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:isAsync() #879

`---[0.006176ms] org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor:isUpgrade() #881

日志里有一个129ms的耗时点(时间比没开arthas的时候更长是因为arthas本身带来的性能消耗,所以生产环境小心使用),这个就是要找的问题点。

打问题点找到了,那怎么定位是什么导致的问题呢,又如何解决呢?

继续trace吧,细化到具体的代码块或者内容。trace由于性能考虑,不会展示所有的调用路径,如果调用路径过深,只有手动深入trace,原则就是trace耗时长的那个方法:

[arthas@24851]$ trace org.apache.coyote.Adapter service

Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort.

Affect(class-cnt:1 ,method-cnt:1)costin608ms.

`---ts

=2019-09-1421:34:33;thread_name=http-nio-7744-exec-1;id=10;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.loader.LaunchedURLClassLoader@20ad9418

`---[81.70999ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter:service()

+---[0.032546ms] org.apache.coyote.Request:getNote() #302

+---[0.007148ms] org.apache.coyote.Response:getNote() #303

+---[0.007475ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector:getXpoweredBy() #324

+---[0.00447ms] org.apache.coyote.Request:getRequestProcessor() #331

+---[0.007902ms] java.lang.ThreadLocal:get() #331

+---[0.006522ms] org.apache.coyote.RequestInfo:setWorkerThreadName() #331

+---[73.793798ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter:postParseRequest() #336

+---[0.001536ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector:getService() #339

+---[0.004469ms] org.apache.catalina.Service:getContainer() #339

+---[0.007074ms] org.apache.catalina.Engine:getPipeline() #339

+---[0.004334ms] org.apache.catalina.Pipeline:isAsyncSupported() #339

+---[0.002466ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Request:setAsyncSupported() #339

+---[6.01E-4ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector:getService() #342

+---[0.001859ms] org.apache.catalina.Service:getContainer() #342

+---[9.65E-4ms] org.apache.catalina.Engine:getPipeline() #342

+---[0.005231ms] org.apache.catalina.Pipeline:getFirst() #342

+---[7.239154ms] org.apache.catalina.Valve:invoke() #342

+---[0.006904ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Request:isAsync() #345

+---[0.00509ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Request:finishRequest() #372

+---[0.051461ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Response:finishResponse() #373

+---[0.007244ms] java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean:() #379

+---[0.007314ms] org.apache.coyote.Response:action() #380

+---[0.004518ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Request:isAsyncCompleting() #382

+---[0.001072ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Request:getContext() #394

+---[0.007166ms] java.lang.System:currentTimeMillis() #401

+---[0.004367ms] org.apache.coyote.Request:getStartTime() #401

+---[0.011483ms] org.apache.catalina.Context:logAccess() #401

+---[0.0014ms] org.apache.coyote.Request:getRequestProcessor() #406

+---[min=8.0E-4ms,max=9.22E-4ms,total=0.001722ms,count=2] java.lang.Integer:() #406

+---[0.001082ms] java.lang.reflect.Method:invoke() #406

+---[0.001851ms] org.apache.coyote.RequestInfo:setWorkerThreadName() #406

+---[0.035805ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Request:recycle() #410

`---[0.007849ms] org.apache.catalina.connector.Response:recycle() #411

一段无聊的手动深入trace之后………………

[arthas@24851]$ trace org.apache.catalina.webresources.AbstractArchiveResourceSet getArchiveEntries

Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort.

Affect(class-cnt:4 ,method-cnt:2)costin150ms.

`---ts

=2019-09-1421:36:26;thread_name=http-nio-7744-exec-3;id=12;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.loader.LaunchedURLClassLoader@20ad9418

`---[75.743681ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.JarWarResourceSet:getArchiveEntries()

+---[0.025731ms] java.util.HashMap:() #106

+---[0.097729ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.JarWarResourceSet:openJarFile() #109

+---[0.091037ms] java.util.jar.JarFile:getJarEntry() #110

+---[0.096325ms] java.util.jar.JarFile:getInputStream() #111

+---[0.451916ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:() #113

+---[min=0.001175ms,max=0.001176ms,total=0.002351ms,count=2] java.lang.Integer:() #114

+---[0.00104ms] java.lang.reflect.Method:invoke() #114

+---[0.045105ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:getNextJarEntry() #114

+---[min=5.02E-4ms,max=0.008531ms,total=0.028864ms,count=31] java.util.jar.JarEntry:getName() #116

+---[min=5.39E-4ms,max=0.022805ms,total=0.054647ms,count=31] java.util.HashMap:put() #116

+---[min=0.004452ms,max=34.479307ms,total=74.206249ms,count=31] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:getNextJarEntry() #117

+---[0.018358ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:getManifest() #119

+---[0.006429ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.JarWarResourceSet:setManifest() #120

+---[0.010904ms] org.apache.tomcat.util.compat.JreCompat:isJre9Available() #121

+---[0.003307ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:getMetaInfEntry() #133

+---[5.5E-4ms] java.util.jar.JarEntry:getName() #135

+---[6.42E-4ms] java.util.HashMap:put() #135

+---[0.001981ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:getManifestEntry() #137

+---[0.064484ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:close() #141

+---[0.007961ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.JarWarResourceSet:closeJarFile() #151

`---[0.004643ms] java.io.InputStream:close() #155

发现了一个值得暂停思考的点:

+---[min=0.004452ms,max=34.479307ms,total=74.206249ms,count=31] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:getNextJarEntry() #117

这行代码加载了31次,一共耗时74ms;从名字上看,应该是tomcat加载jar包时的耗时,那么是加载了31个jar包的耗时,还是加载了jar包内的某些资源31次耗时呢?

TomcatJarInputStream这个类源码的注释写到:

The purpose ofthissub-classistoobtainreferencestotheJarEntryobjectsforMETA-INF/andMETA-INF/MANIFEST.MFthatareotherwiseswallowedbytheJarInputStreamimplementation.

大概意思也就是,获取jar包内META-INF/,META-INF/MANIFEST的资源,这是一个子类,更多的功能在父类JarInputStream里。

其实看到这里大概也能猜到问题了,tomcat加载jar包内META-INF/,META-INF/MANIFEST的资源导致的耗时,至于为什么连续请求不会耗时,应该是tomcat的缓存机制(下面介绍源码分析)

不着急定位问题,试着通过Arthas最终定位问题细节,继续手动深入trace

[arthas@24851]$ trace org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream *

Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort.

Affect(class-cnt:1 ,method-cnt:4)costin44ms.

`---ts

=2019-09-1421:37:47;thread_name=http-nio-7744-exec-5;id=14;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.loader.LaunchedURLClassLoader@20ad9418

`---[0.234952ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:createZipEntry()

+---[0.039455ms] java.util.jar.JarInputStream:createZipEntry() #43

`---[0.007827ms] java.lang.String:equals() #44

`---ts=2019-09-1421:37:47;thread_name=http-nio-7744-exec-5;id=14;is_daemon=true;priority=5;TCCL=org.springframework.boot.loader.LaunchedURLClassLoader@20ad9418

`---[0.050222ms] org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream:createZipEntry()

+---[0.001889ms] java.util.jar.JarInputStream:createZipEntry() #43

`---[0.001643ms] java.lang.String:equals() #46

#这里一共31个trace日志,删减了剩下的

从方法名上看,还是加载资源之类的意思。都已经到jdk源码了,这时候来看一下TomcatJarInputStream这个类的源码:

/**

* Creates a new JarEntry (ZipEntry) for the

* specified JAR file entry name. The manifest attributes of

* the specified JAR file entry name will be copied to the new

JarEntry.

*

*@paramname the name of the JAR/ZIP file entry

*@returnthe JarEntry object just created

*/

protectedZipEntrycreateZipEntry(String name){

JarEntry e =newJarEntry(name);

if(man !=null) {

e.attr = man.getAttributes(name);

}

returne;

}

这个createZipEntry有个name参数,从注释上看,是jar/zip文件名,如果能得到文件名这种关键信息,就可以直接定位问题了;还是通过Arthas,使用watch命令,动态监测方法调用数据watch方法执行数据观测。

让你能方便的观察到指定方法的调用情况。能观察到的范围为:返回值、抛出异常、入参,通过编写 OGNL 表达式进行对应变量的查看。

watch 该方法的入参

[arthas@24851]$ watch  org.apache.catalina.webresources.TomcatJarInputStream createZipEntry"{params[0]}"

Press Q or Ctrl+C to abort.

Affect(class-cnt:1 ,method-cnt:1)costin27ms.

ts

=2019-09-1421:51:14; [cost=0.14547ms] result=@ArrayList[

@String[META-INF/],

]

ts=2019-09-1421:51:14; [cost=0.048028ms] result=@ArrayList[

@String[META-INF/MANIFEST.MF],

]

ts=2019-09-1421:51:14; [cost=0.046071ms] result=@ArrayList[

@String[META-INF/resources/],

]

ts=2019-09-1421:51:14; [cost=0.033855ms] result=@ArrayList[

@String[META-INF/resources/swagger-ui.html],

]

ts=2019-09-1421:51:14; [cost=0.039138ms] result=@ArrayList[

@String[META-INF/resources/webjars/],

]

ts=2019-09-1421:51:14; [cost=0.033701ms] result=@ArrayList[

@String[META-INF/resources/webjars/springfox-swagger-ui/],

]

ts=2019-09-1421:51:14; [cost=0.033644ms] result=@ArrayList[

@String[META-INF/resources/webjars/springfox-swagger-ui/favicon-16x16.png],

]

ts=2019-09-1421:51:14; [cost=0.033976ms] result=@ArrayList[

@String[META-INF/resources/webjars/springfox-swagger-ui/springfox.css],

]

ts=2019-09-1421:51:14; [cost=0.032818ms] result=@ArrayList[

@String[META-INF/resources/webjars/springfox-swagger-ui/swagger-ui-standalone-preset.js.map],

]

ts=2019-09-1421:51:14; [cost=0.04651ms] result=@ArrayList[

@String[META-INF/resources/webjars/springfox-swagger-ui/swagger-ui.css],

]

ts=2019-09-1421:51:14; [cost=0.034793ms] result=@ArrayList[

@String[META-INF/resources/webjars/springfox-swagger-ui/swagger-ui.js.map],

这下直接看到了具体加载的资源名,这么熟悉的名字:swagger-ui,一个国外的rest接口文档工具,又有国内开发者基于swagger-ui做了一套spring mvc的集成工具,通过注解就可以自动生成swagger-ui需要的接口定义json文件,用起来还比较方便,就是侵入性较强。

删除swagger的jar包后问题,诡异的70+ms就消失了

io.springfox

springfox-swagger2

2.9.2

io.springfox

springfox-swagger-ui

2.9.2

那么为什么swagger会导致请求耗时呢,为什么每次请求偶读会加载swagger内部的静态资源呢?

其实这是tomcat-embed的一个bug吧,下面详细介绍一下该Bug

Tomcat embed Bug分析&解决

源码分析过程实在太漫长,而且也不是本文的重点,所以就不介绍了, 下面直接介绍下分析结果

顺便贴一张tomcat处理请求的核心类图

为什么每次请求会加载Jar包内的静态资源

关键在于org.apache.catalina.mapper.Mapper#internalMapWrapper这个方法,该版本下处理请求的方式有问题,导致每次都校验静态资源。

为什么连续请求不会出现问题

因为Tomcat对于这种静态资源的解析是有缓存的,优先从缓存查找,缓存过期后再重新解析。具体参考org.apache.catalina.webresources.Cache,默认过期时间ttl是5000ms。

为什么本地不会复现

其实确切的说,是通过spring-boot打包插件后不能复现。由于启动方式的不同,tomcat使用了不同的类去处理静态资源,所以没问题

如何解决

升级tomcat-embed版本即可

当前出现Bug的版本为:

spring-boot:2.0.2.RELEASE,内置的tomcat embed版本为8.5.31

升级tomcat embed版本至8.5.40+即可解决此问题,新版本已经修复了

通过替换springboot pom properties方式

如果项目是maven是继承的springboot,即parent配置为springboot的,或者dependencyManagement中import spring boot包的

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-parent

2.0.2.RELEASE

pom中直接覆盖properties即可:

8.5.40

升级spring boot版本

springboot 2.1.0.RELEASE中的tomcat embed版本已经大于8.5.31了,所以直接将springboot升级至该版本及以上版本就可以解决此问题。

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