详解使用ament_cmake构建ROS2功能包

ROS2的构建系统叫做ament_cmake,它是基于CMake改进而来的。接下来将详细介绍一下ament_cmake常用的一些命令:

ament_target_dependencies:添加重要的头文件、库以及相关依赖
ament_export_dependencies:导出依赖给下游的功能包,以至于使用该库时,不必再调用find_package添加这些依赖
ament_export_include_directories:标记该功能包的头文件位置,以便其他功能包要依赖该功能包时能顺利找到对应的头文件
ament_export_libraries:标记该功能包需要导出的库,以便其他的功能包能链接到这些库。
ament_package:每个功能都必须执行一次调用,会为该功能生成一个ament索引,以及cmake相关配置文件,以便其他功能包能够通过find_package找到该功能包。由于ament_package()会从CMakeLists.txt文件中收集大量信息,因此它应该是CMakeLists.txt文件中的最后一个调用。

ROS2功能包
一个功能包的构建信息包含在

CMakeLists.txt:描述了如何构建此功能包
package.xml:包含该功能包的依赖信息,它可以帮助编译工具colcon确定多个功能包编译的顺序
CMakeList.txt
接下来,以nav2中一个比较有代表性的功能包nav2_costmap_2d的CmakeList.txt来进行介绍

指定cmake的最低版本(3.5)和功能包的名字
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
project(nav2_costmap_2d)

查找ament_cmake包
find_package(ament_cmake REQUIRED)

查找构建此功能包所需的依赖-ROS2功能包
find_package(geometry_msgs REQUIRED)
find_package(laser_geometry REQUIRED)
find_package(map_msgs REQUIRED)
find_package(message_filters REQUIRED)
find_package(nav2_common REQUIRED)
find_package(nav2_msgs REQUIRED)
find_package(nav2_util)
find_package(nav2_voxel_grid REQUIRED)
find_package(nav_msgs REQUIRED)
find_package(pluginlib REQUIRED)
find_package(rclcpp REQUIRED)
find_package(rclcpp_lifecycle REQUIRED)
find_package(rmw REQUIRED)
find_package(sensor_msgs REQUIRED)
find_package(std_msgs REQUIRED)
find_package(std_srvs REQUIRED)
find_package(tf2_geometry_msgs REQUIRED)
find_package(tf2 REQUIRED)
find_package(tf2_ros REQUIRED)
find_package(tf2_sensor_msgs REQUIRED)
find_package(visualization_msgs REQUIRED)
find_package(angles REQUIRED)

查找构建此功能包所需的系统依赖-非ROS2功能包
find_package(Eigen3 REQUIRED)
include_directories(
  include
  ${EIGEN3_INCLUDE_DIRS}
)

使用add_library构建库
add_library(nav2_costmap_2d_core SHARED
  src/array_parser.cpp
  src/costmap_2d.cpp
  src/layer.cpp
  src/layered_costmap.cpp
  src/costmap_2d_ros.cpp
  src/costmap_2d_publisher.cpp
  src/costmap_math.cpp
  src/footprint.cpp
  src/costmap_layer.cpp
  src/observation_buffer.cpp
  src/clear_costmap_service.cpp
  src/footprint_collision_checker.cpp
  plugins/costmap_filters/costmap_filter.cpp
)

设置变量dependencies,这里主要添加的是ROS2功能包
set(dependencies
  geometry_msgs
  laser_geometry
  map_msgs
  message_filters
  nav2_msgs
  nav2_util
  nav2_voxel_grid
  nav_msgs
  pluginlib
  rclcpp
  rclcpp_lifecycle
  sensor_msgs
  std_msgs
  std_srvs
  tf2
  tf2_geometry_msgs
  tf2_ros
  tf2_sensor_msgs
  visualization_msgs
  angles
)

通过ament_target_dependencies添加ROS2功能包依赖,它将依赖的库、头文件以及自身依赖添加到目标中
ament_target_dependencies(nav2_costmap_2d_core
  ${dependencies}
)

通过add_executable构建可执行文件,同时也需要使用ament_target_dependencies添加相关依赖
add_executable(nav2_costmap_2d_markers src/costmap_2d_markers.cpp)
target_link_libraries(nav2_costmap_2d_markers
  nav2_costmap_2d_core
)

ament_target_dependencies(nav2_costmap_2d_markers
  ${dependencies}
)

add_executable(nav2_costmap_2d_cloud src/costmap_2d_cloud.cpp)
target_link_libraries(nav2_costmap_2d_cloud
  nav2_costmap_2d_core
)

add_executable(nav2_costmap_2d src/costmap_2d_node.cpp)
ament_target_dependencies(nav2_costmap_2d
  ${dependencies}
)

target_link_libraries(nav2_costmap_2d
  nav2_costmap_2d_core
  layers
  filters
)

安装库
install(TARGETS
  nav2_costmap_2d_core
  layers
  filters
  nav2_costmap_2d_client
  ARCHIVE DESTINATION lib
  LIBRARY DESTINATION lib
  RUNTIME DESTINATION bin
)

安装可执行文件,注意这里的可执行文件路径为: lib/${PROJECT_NAME}而不是bin
install(TARGETS
  nav2_costmap_2d
  nav2_costmap_2d_markers
  nav2_costmap_2d_cloud
  RUNTIME DESTINATION lib/${PROJECT_NAME}
)

导出头文件
install(DIRECTORY include/
  DESTINATION include/
)

导出launch和参数文件
install(
  DIRECTORY launch params
  DESTINATION share/${PROJECT_NAME}
)

通过ament_export_include_directories导出该功能包的头文件,以便其他功能包依赖此功能包时,能够找到对应的头文件
ament_export_include_directories(include)

通过ament_export_libraries导出该功能包构建的库,以便其他功能包能够顺利链接到
ament_export_libraries(layers filters nav2_costmap_2d_core nav2_costmap_2d_client)

通过ament_export_dependencies导出此功能包所有的ROS相关的依赖,依赖其他功能包依赖此功能包时,不必再通过find_package重复添加这些依赖
ament_export_dependencies(${dependencies})

最后调用ament_package
ament_package()

注意ament_package是可以带参数的:

ament_package(CONFIG_EXTRAS cmake/xxxx.cmake)

注意事项
相比ROS1, ROS2没有了devel,只有install
ROS2中没有了CATKIN_DEVEL_PREFIX等变量
CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX指的是xxx/install/${package_name}而不是xxx/install
为了获得xxx/install,可以通过如下方法:

set(INSTALL_DIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX})
string(REPLACE "/${PROJECT_NAME}" "" INSTALL_DIR ${INSTALL_DIR})

补充
如果想在执行source install/setup.bash时,同时添加自己的环境变量,可

在功能包中添加一个env-hooks文件夹,在文件夹中添加一个project_name.sh.in文件
ament_prepend_unique_value UESER_ENV_PATH "$AMENT_CURRENT_PREFIX/XXXX"

在CMakeLists.txt中添加
ament_environment_hooks("${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/env-hooks/${PROJECT_NAME}.sh.in")

package.xml
对于package.xml主要需要添加如下信息:

编译的工具依赖:
ament_cmake

依赖的ROS2功能包
  geometry_msgs
  laser_geometry
  map_msgs
  message_filters
  nav2_msgs
  nav2_util
  nav2_voxel_grid
  nav_msgs
  pluginlib
  rclcpp
  rclcpp_lifecycle
  sensor_msgs
  std_msgs
  std_srvs
  tf2
  tf2_geometry_msgs
  tf2_ros
  tf2_sensor_msgs
  visualization_msgs
  angles

导出依赖:
 
      ament_cmake
 


完整的package.xml




  nav2_costmap_2d
  1.2.0
 
    This package provides an implementation of a 2D costmap that takes in sensor
    data from the world, builds a 2D or 3D occupancy grid of the data (depending
    on whether a voxel based implementation is used), and inflates costs in a
    2D costmap based on the occupancy grid and a user specified inflation radius.
    This package also provides support for map_server based initialization of a
    costmap, rolling window based costmaps, and parameter based subscription to
    and configuration of sensor topics.
 

  Steve Macenski
  BSD-3-Clause
  Apache-2.0

  ament_cmake
  nav2_common

  geometry_msgs
  laser_geometry
  map_msgs
  message_filters
  nav2_msgs
  nav2_util
  nav2_voxel_grid
  nav_msgs
  pluginlib
  rclcpp
  rclcpp_lifecycle
  sensor_msgs
  std_msgs
  std_srvs
  tf2
  tf2_geometry_msgs
  tf2_ros
  tf2_sensor_msgs
  visualization_msgs
  angles

  ament_lint_common
  ament_lint_auto
  nav2_map_server
  ament_cmake_gtest
  launch
  launch_testing
  nav2_lifecycle_manager

 
      ament_cmake
 



注意:如果是自定义的msg或者srv

format的版本需要为3


编译工具依赖ament_cmake和rosidl_default_generators
  ament_cmake
  rosidl_default_generators

另外需要添加
  rosidl_default_runtime
  rosidl_interface_packages

导出
 
    ament_cmake
 

 

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