docker镜像以及容器的常用命令

docker的镜像命令

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前言

学习任何一门技术都是需要不断的去淬炼，才能融会贯通，下面都是为大家列出一些常用的docker镜像命令。也是我在学习docker时反复去用的，希望对需要的小伙伴有帮助

查看本机上的docker的镜像

docker images

[root@yingxiong ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   2 months ago   13.3kB
#解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库
TAG        镜像的标签
IMAGE ID   镜像的ID
CREATE     镜像的创建时间
SIZE       镜像的大小

#docker images的参数用法

docker images -a 

docker images -q

[root@yingxiong ~]# docker images -a
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    d1165f221234   2 months ago   13.3kB
[root@localhost ~]# docker images -q
d1165f221234
#可选项
-a  表示列出所有镜像
-q  表示显示镜像的ID

docker search搜索镜像

docker search mysql

[root@yingxiong ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation鈥  10877     [OK]       
mariadb                           MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou鈥  4103      [OK]       
mysql/mysql-server                Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create鈥  808                  [OK]
percona                           Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati鈥  537       [OK]       

#可选项
--filter=STARS=3000    那么搜索的镜像体积就是3000的

#docker search的参数用法

docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000

[root@yingxiong ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation鈥  10877     [OK]       
mariadb   MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou鈥  4103      [OK]       
#   表示搜索3000以上的

docker pull下载镜像

docker pull mysql

[root@yingxiong ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest          #表示默认下载最新版的mysql
latest: Pulling from library/mysql 
69692152171a: Pull complete        #分层下载，docker images的核心
1651b0be3df3: Pull complete 
951da7386bc8: Pull complete 
0f86c95aa242: Pull complete 
37ba2d8bd4fe: Pull complete 
6d278bb05e94: Pull complete 
497efbd93a3e: Pull complete 
f7fddf10c2c2: Pull complete 
16415d159dfb: Pull complete 
0e530ffc6b73: Pull complete 
b0a4a1a77178: Pull complete 
cd90f92aa9ef: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:d50098d7fcb25b1fcb24e2d3247cae3fc55815d64fec640dc395840f8fa80969
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest    #docker的真实地址

#docker pull指定地址下载

docker pull mysql:5.7

invalid reference format: repository name must be lowercase
[root@yingxiong ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
69692152171a: Already exists 
1651b0be3df3: Already exists 
951da7386bc8: Already exists 
0f86c95aa242: Already exists 
37ba2d8bd4fe: Already exists 
6d278bb05e94: Already exists 
497efbd93a3e: Already exists 
a023ae82eef5: Pull complete 
e76c35f20ee7: Pull complete 
e887524d2ef9: Pull complete 
ccb65627e1c3: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:a682e3c78fc5bd941e9db080b4796c75f69a28a8cad65677c23f7a9f18ba21fa
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

docker rmi -f 删除镜像

docker rmi -f d1165f221234

[root@yingxiong ~]# docker rmi -f  d1165f221234   #后面可以添加多个容器ID
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Untagged: hello-world@sha256:f2266cbfc127c960fd30e76b7c792dc23b588c0db76233517e1891a4e357d519
Deleted: sha256:d1165f2212346b2bab48cb01c1e39ee8ad1be46b87873d9ca7a4e434980a7726
[root@yingxiong ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED      SIZE
mysql        5.7       2c9028880e58   4 days ago   447MB
mysql        latest    c0cdc95609f1   4 days ago   556MB

#docker rmi -f删除全部容器

docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa)

[root@yingxiong ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa)
Untagged: mysql:5.7
Untagged: mysql@sha256:a682e3c78fc5bd941e9db080b4796c75f69a28a8cad65677c23f7a9f18ba21fa
Deleted: sha256:2c9028880e5814e8923c278d7e2059f9066d56608a21cd3f83a01e3337bacd68
Deleted: sha256:c49c5c776f1bc87cdfff451ef39ce16a1ef45829e10203f4d9a153a6889ec15e
Deleted: sha256:8345316eca77700e62470611446529113579712a787d356e5c8656a41c244aee
Deleted: sha256:8ae51b87111404bd3e3bde4115ea2fe3fd2bb2cf67158460423c361a24df156b
Deleted: sha256:9d5afda6f6dcf8dd59aef5c02099f1d3b3b0c9ae4f2bb7a61627613e8cdfe562
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:d50098d7fcb25b1fcb24e2d3247cae3fc55815d64fec640dc395840f8fa80969
Deleted: sha256:c0cdc95609f1fc1daf2c7cae05ebd6adcf7b5c614b4f424949554a24012e3c09
Deleted: sha256:137bebc5ea278e61127e13cc7312fd83874cd19e392ee87252b532f0162fbd56
Deleted: sha256:7ed0de2ad4e43c97f58fa9e81fba73700167ef9f8a9970685059e0109749a56b
Deleted: sha256:9375660fbff871cd29c86b8643be60e376bfc96e99a3d7e8f93d74cd61500705
Deleted: sha256:d8a47065d005ac34d81017677330ce096eb5562eeb971e2db12b0e200fdb1cb6
Deleted: sha256:ca13c8ad9df5d824d5a259a927eaa6c04a60f022bc2abe8fc7866cf4b2b366f4
Deleted: sha256:7af1865d5c19316c3dc0829a2ee2b3a744ae756f7fec9c213d3afc5f1f6ed306
Deleted: sha256:f205c8f3c8aaa6376442b34c0c2062738461d37e0aa16ba021cd7e09c67213c2
Deleted: sha256:d690e8a8242cf13cbe98c5b2faffdd0fc7e6c4c13425b5da31de991aa1f89a76
Deleted: sha256:24efeee958e9f3d859fe15540e9296d5aaa6d3eb3b5f5494a2e8370608a4cfaa
Deleted: sha256:654f2ffede3bb536fd62d04c9c7b7826e890828bec92182634e38684959b2498
Deleted: sha256:de478a06eaa676052e665faa0b07d86a007f4b87cf82eb46a258742dc2d32260
Deleted: sha256:02c055ef67f5904019f43a41ea5f099996d8e7633749b6e606c400526b2c4b33
[root@yingxiong ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE

docker的容器命令

说明

使用容器的前提就是在有了镜像之后，所以会了镜像命令就要会使用容器命令，想不到吧，两者彼此依赖，但是使用命令的格式是差不多的，只要多加练习也是很好掌握的

下载一个centos镜像进行测试学习

docker pull centos

[root@yingxiong ~]# docker pull centos
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/centos
7a0437f04f83: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:5528e8b1b1719d34604c87e11dcd1c0a20bedf46e83b5632cdeac91b8c04efc1
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
docker.io/library/centos:latest

新建一个容器并启动

#参数说明
docker run [可选参数] image
--name="name"    启动容器并且重新命名
-d               以后台的方式运行
-it              使用一个交互的方式运行
-p               指定容器的端口
   -p  ip:主机端口:容器端口
   -p  容器端口:主机端口
   -p  容器端口
-P               随机指定端口

#启动并进入容器

docker run -it centos /bin/bash

[root@yingxiong ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.

#ls 查看命令
[root@e828d60a6e99 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var

#exit 停止后退出容器
[root@e828d60a6e99 /]# exit
exit

#快捷键Ctrl+p+q  不停止后退出容器
[root@e73c05ef5db4 /]# [root@yingxiong ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
e73c05ef5db4   centos    "/bin/bash"   27 seconds ago   Up 27 seconds             elegant_engelbart

docker ps查看运行的容器

docker ps

docker pa -a

docker ps -aq

[root@yingxiong ~]# docker ps   #查看正在运行的容器（这里没有正在运行的）
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@yingxiong ~]# docker ps -a    #查看已经运行过和正在运行的容器（这里是已经运行过但停了的）
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                       PORTS     NAMES
e828d60a6e99   centos         "/bin/bash"   8 minutes ago   Exited (130) 5 minutes ago             sleepy_archimedes
9595dfffd087   d1165f221234   "/hello"      4 days ago      Exited (0) 4 days ago                  festive_proskuriakova
[root@yingxiong ~]# docker ps -aq  #查看运行过的容器的ID
e828d60a6e99
9595dfffd087

docker rm 容器ID 删除容器

docker rm 9595dfffd087

[root@yingxiong ~]# docker rm 9595dfffd087    #不能删除正在运行的镜像，如果要那么必须加上-f
9595dfffd087

#docker rm -f删除全部镜像

docker rm -f $(docker ps -qa)

[root@yingxiong ~]# docker rm -f $(docker ps -qa)
e73c05ef5db4
e828d60a6e99
[root@yingxiong ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

启动和停止容器的操作

docker start 容器ID          #启动一个容器

docker restart 容器ID       #重启容器

docker stop 容器ID           #停止当前运行容器

docker kill 容器ID               #强制干掉当前正在运行的容器

docker start b6f8e461d36

docker stop  b6f8e461d36

[root@yingxiong ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
b6f8e4681d36   centos    "/bin/bash"   26 seconds ago   Exited (0) 17 seconds ago             nifty_swirles
[root@yingxiong ~]# docker start b6f8e4681d36
b6f8e4681d36
[root@yingxiong ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
b6f8e4681d36   centos    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up 7 seconds             nifty_swirles
[root@yingxiong ~]# docker stop b6f8e4681d36
b6f8e4681d36
[root@yingxiong ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
b6f8e4681d36   centos    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Exited (0) 3 seconds ago             nifty_swirles

常用其他的命令

前言

这里呢也是给大家总结一些其它的常用命令，多学一点总是好的。

后台启动命令

#命令docker run -d 镜像名

[root@yingxiong ~]# docker run -d centos
WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
c2615273d0932bc5a2a85b044f829f7358ef2ede3f77be46550a8c9620454eeb
[root@yingxiong ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES

#问题发现centos是停止的

#常见的坑，docker容器使用后台运行就必须要有一个前台进程，不然就会自动停止

查看日志

#docker logs -t -f --tail 镜像ID

查看进程

#docker top 镜像ID

docker top 43e2abb1b613

#这里要先运行容器，然后查看进程

[root@yingxiong ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
43e2abb1b613   centos    "/bin/bash"   2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes             lucid_swanson
[root@yingxiong ~]# docker top 43e2abb1b613
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                14961               14939               0                   08:17               pts/0   

查看镜像的元数据

#docker inspect 镜像ID

[root@yingxiong ~]# docker inspect 43e2abb1b613
[
    {
        "Id": "43e2abb1b613d42c7ed68f246dde95f0886acc46bb193a449f148f77281dfe3b",
        "Created": "2021-05-16T12:17:15.74088968Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 14961,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-05-16T12:17:16.120921247Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        #能看到很多的信息

进入当前正在运行的容器

#docker exec -it 镜像ID

docker exec -it 43e2bb1b613

[root@yingxiong ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
43e2abb1b613   centos    "/bin/bash"   29 minutes ago   Up 29 minutes             lucid_swanson
[root@yingxiong ~]# docker exec -it 43e2abb1b613 /bin//bash
[root@43e2abb1b613 /]# 

#方式二，docker attach 容器ID

docker attach 5506558efb7f

[root@5506558efb7f /]# [root@yingxiong ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
5506558efb7f   centos    "/bin/bash"   18 seconds ago   Up 17 seconds             exciting_germain
[root@yingxiong ~]# docker attach 5506558efb7f
[root@5506558efb7f /]# 

#总结

#docker exec 进入容器并开启一个新的容器，可以操作

#docker attach 进入正在执行的容器，不会启动新的进程

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