监听器用于监听web应用中某些对象的创建、销毁、增加、修改删除等动作的发生,然后做出相应的相应处理,当范围对象的状态发生变化的时候,服务器会自动调用监听器对象中的方法
按监听的对象划分,可以分为
ServletContext对象生命周期监听器与属性操作监听器
HttpSession对象生命周期监听器与属性操作监听器
ServletRequest对象声明周期监听器与属性操作监听器
ServletContextListener接口定义了ServletContext对象生命周期的监听行为
void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce)
ServletContext 对象创建以后,会触发该监听方法,并将ServletContext对象传递到该方法中
void contextDestoryed(ServletContextEvent sce)
ServletContext对象在销毁之前会触发该监听方法,并将ServletContext对象传递到该方法中。
web.xml:
cn.itcast.listener.ServletContextLifecycleListener
实现类:
package cn.itcast.listener;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
/**
* ServletContext对象生命周期监听器
*/
public class ServletContextLifecycleListener implements ServletContextListener {
/*
监听ServletContext 对象创建的监听方法
*/
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
ServletContext sc = sce.getServletContext();
System.out.println(sc);
System.out.println("ServletContext init.........");
}
/*
监听ServletContext 对象销毁的监听方法
*/
@Override
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
ServletContext sc = sce.getServletContext();
System.out.println(sc);
System.out.println("ServletContext destory.........");
}
}
ServletContextAttributeListener接口定义了对于ServletContext对象属性操作的监听行为。
void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae)
向ServletContext对象中添加属性时会触发该监听方法,并将ServletContext对象传递到该方法当中,触发事件的方法servletContext.setAttribute("key","value")。
void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae)
当从ServletContext对象中删除属性时会触发该监听方法,并将ServletContext传递到该方法中。触发事件方法servletContext.removeAttribute("key")
void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae)
当从ServletContext对象中属性的值发生替换时会触发该监听方法,并将ServletContext传递到该方法中。触发事件方法servletContext.setAttribute("key","value")
实例代码:
servlet:
package cn.itcast.listener;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
public class ServletContextAttrServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
servletContext.setAttribute("key","test");
servletContext.setAttribute("key","test2");
servletContext.removeAttribute("key");
}
}
监听:
package cn.itcast.listener;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeListener;
/**
* servletContext 属性操作监听器
*/
public class ServletContextAttrListener implements ServletContextAttributeListener {
@Override
public void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae) {
System.out.println("----------start attributeAdded----------");
System.out.println("Name: "+scae.getName()+" Value:"+scae.getValue());
System.out.println("----------end attributeAdded----------");
}
@Override
public void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae) {
System.out.println("----------start attributeRemoved----------");
System.out.println("Name: "+scae.getName()+" Value:"+scae.getValue());
System.out.println("----------end attributeRemoved----------");
}
@Override
public void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent scae) {
System.out.println("----------start attributeReplaced----------");
System.out.println("Name: "+scae.getName()+" Value:"+scae.getValue());
System.out.println("----------end attributeReplaced----------");
}
}
输出结果:
----------start attributeAdded---------
Name:key Value:test
----------end attributeAdded--------------------start attributeReplaced----------
Name:key Value:test
----------end attributeReplaced--------------------start attributeRemoved----------
Name:key Value:test2
----------end attributeRemoved----------