赖世雄美语从头学初级篇（上）Lesson 023 The Book Is Mine 这本书是我的

I. Reading 阅读

This is my English book. It belongs to me It is mine. That is your English book. it belongs to you, It is yours. Those books aren't ours. They belong to those boys over there. They are theirs. Why do we all have different books? Because we belong to differ ent classes.
这是我的英文书。它属于我。它是我的。那是你的英文书。它属于你。它是你的。那些书不是我们的。它们属于那边那些男孩的。那些书是他们的。我们大家的书为什么不一样?因为我们属于不同的班级。

II. Vocabulary&ldioms 单词短语注解

1.English ['ɪŋɡlɪʃ] n.英文，英语
例: John is Chinese, but he speaks English well.
(约翰是中国人，不过他英文说得很好。

2. belong [bɪ'lɔŋ] vi.属于(与介词to并用)
   belong to··· 属于······
   例: Put that umbrella down. It doesn't belong to you.
   (把那把雨伞放下。它不属于你的。)
3. mine [maɪn] pron.我的
4. yours [jʊrz] pron. 你的，你们的
5. those [ðoz] pron. 那些
6. ours [ɑrz] pron.我们的
7. theirs [ðɛrz] pron.他们/她们/它们的
8. different ['dɪfrənt] a.不同的
   例: I like many different kinds of books.
   (我喜欢很多不同种类的书。)
9. class [klæs] n.班级；课
   例: What time is your history class?
   (你的历史课是在什么时候呢?)

III. Grammar Points 语法重点

本课介绍指示代词及名词性所有格代词的种类及用法。

1. This is my English book.
   (这是我的英文书。)
   That is your English book.
   (那是你的英文书。)
   Those books aren't ours.
   (那些书不是我们的。)
   上列句中的This、That及Those均为指示代词。英语中的指示代词常用的有四个：this[ðɪs] （这个）、that[ðæt] (那个)、these [ðiz] (这些)、those [ðoz] (那些)。请读者注意下列要点：
   a. this及that代替单数名词或不可数名词，these及those则代替复数名词。
   例: This is my bike(单数名词).
   (这是我的自行车。)
   That is your money(不可数名词).
   (那是你的钱。)
   These are your books(复数名词).
   (这些是你的书。)
   Those are his pencils(复数名词).
   (那些是他的铅笔。)
   b. 以上指示代词亦有定冠词的功能，之后可接名词。
   例: This bike belongs to me.
   (这辆自行车属于我的。)
   These girls are cute.
   (这些女孩子很可爱。)
   c. this及these指较近的人或事物；that 及 those则指较远的人或事物。
   例: This book belongs to me, and that book belongs to him.
   (这本书属于我的,那本书则属于他的。)
   I don't like these flowers. I like those
   flowers next to the window.
   (我不喜欢这些花。我喜欢紧靠窗戶的那些花。)
   d. this、that、these、those在文章第一次出现之后，第二次使用时为避免重复，this及that应用it代替，these及those则用they代替。
   例: This is my English book. This belongs to me. ( 劣 )
   → This is my English book. It belongs to me.（佳）
   (这是我的英文书。它属于我的。)
   These books are mine. These don't belong to you. ( 劣 )
   → These books are mine. They don't belong to you. ( 佳 )
   (这些书是我的。它们不属于你的。)
2. It is mine.
   (它是我的。)
   It is yours.
   (它是你的。)
   Those books aren't ours.
   (那些书不是我们的。)
   上列句中的mine、yours及ours均为名词性所有格代词，与我们稍早所介绍的形容词性所有格代词有所不同。兹先列表如下：
   
   Screen Shot 2018-04-25 at 06.03.22.png

注意事项
a. 形容词性所有格代词相当于形容词，之后一定要接名词；而名词性所有格代词则相当于名词，之后不可再接名词。
例: The book is my.( X,my是形容词性所有格代词，之后须接名词)
→This is my book.（O）
(这是我的书。）
The book is mine.（O）
(这本书是我的。)
Our school is big, but their is small. (X，their是形容词性所有格代词，之后须接名词）
→Our school is big, but their school is small.(O,但school一字在句中重复是一缺点)
→Our school is big. But theirs is small.(佳)
(我们的学校很大，但他们的却很小。）
b. his及its可同时作形容词性或名词性所有格代词；her属形容词性所有格代词，hers则属名词性所有格代词。
I don't like her car. I like his. (his为名词性所有格代词，her为形容词性所有格代词)
(我不喜欢她的车。我喜欢他的。)
I like his car. I don't like hers. (his 为形
容词性所有格代词，hers为名词性所有格代词
(我喜欢他的车。我不喜欢她的。)

I have a dog. Its mouth is big, but mine
is bigger than its.(本句中Its是形容词性
所有格代词，its则为名词性所有格代词)
(我有一只狗。它的嘴很大，但我的嘴比它的还大。)
c.勿将it's与its混为一谈。
its(它的)是所有格代词；it's则为it is(它是)
的缩写形。
l have a dog. It's tail is long. ( X )
→ I have a dog. Its tail is long. ( O )
(我有一只狗。它的尾巴是长的。)
I have a dog. Its very strong. ( X )
→I have a dog. It's very strorrg. ( O )
= I have a dog. It is very strong.
(我有一只狗。它很强壮。

3. They belong to those boys over there.
   (它们属于那边那些男孩子的。)
   there(那里)、here(这里)皆为表示场所的副词，使用时，通常置于句尾。
   例: I see a boy there.(我看到那边有个男孩。
   There is a dog here.(这里有只狗。)
   但在口语中，老美常在there及here之前另加一副词over['ovɚ]，强调there或here。故以上两句亦可改为:
   I see a boy over there.
   There is a dog over here.

IV.Substitution 替换

1. This is my English book. It belongs to me.
   That is her pen. It belongs to her.
   These are his pencils. They belong to him.
   (这是我的英文书。它属于我的。)
   (那是她的笔。它属于她的。)
   (这些是他的铅笔。它们属于他的。)
2. Those books aren't ours. They belong to those boys over there.
   These notebooks aren't yours. They belong to those girls over there.
   That ball isn't hers. It belongs to this boy over here.
   (那些不是我们的。它们属于那边那些男孩子的。)
   (这些笔记本不是你们的。它们属于那边那些女孩子的。)
   (那个球不是她的。它属于这边这个男孩子的。)

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