【三维几何学习】自制简单的网格可视化软件 — Mesh Visualization

引言

使用PyQt自制简单的网格可视化软件 - 视频展示

本是为了方便输入模型分析、网格分割结果可视化，使用PyQt做的一款小软件，后续通过增删变成了Mesh Visualization，主要针对三角形网格。主要功能包括：读取网格(目前仅支持.obj)，关于网格顶点、边、面的一些可视化小操作(是否显示、更改颜色等)、比较简单的灯光以及背景设置、一些基本功能(模型列表、操作日志等)。

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一、整体框架

• MainWindow：主窗体。包含缩小、放大、关闭、菜单栏等
• Mesh：三角网格，包含网格的读取、保存、网格的一些基本属性
• Resource：资源文件夹。包含界面样式和图片
• Widget_Mesh_Manager：界面管理，内含多个子控件。包含模型列表、网格信息显示界面、日志界面
• Widget_Vtk：模型渲染界面，就是VTK渲染窗口。包含VTK显示代码actor、mapper、light等
  

关于界面 统一采用一个界面三个文件：

1. xxx.ui (可编辑的界面，pyqt插件可打开)
2. ui_xxx.py (ui界面转的py界面文件) 参数设置 $FileName$ -o ui_$FileNameWithoutExtension$.py -x
3. xxx.py (主要在这里写代码)

1.1 三角形网格

三角形网格Mesh文件夹中含有两个文件：

• load_and_save.py 读取保存三角形网格，目前只支持obj文件，可用现有的库代替 /todo
• TriMesh.py 三角形网格类，保存三角形网格的文件名、格式、顶点、面片等信息，每个网格都有一个独立vtk actor，方便操作以及显示

1.2 界面管理

• 模型列表：显示打开的每一个模型，可以进行模型间的切换显示
• 模型信息：包括顶点和面片数量，可修改点、边、面以及灯光颜色
• 日志显示：记录每一步操作，但目前只显示部分操作 /todo
  

1.3 VTK可视化界面

主要用于模型渲染显示 (self.vtk_widget = QVTKRenderWindowInteractor(self))：

• mapper 映射器，将数据转为图形数据
• renderer 渲染器，将三维图形转为二维图片
• light 灯光，只设置了一个灯光 /todo
• 交互方式 vtk.vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera()

其中actor每个三角形网格一个，方便单独操作

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二、核心源码

2.1 三角形网格：TriMesh类

import ntpath
import numpy as np
from scipy.sparse import csr_matrix
from Mesh.load_and_save import load_obj, load_obj_with_edges
import vtkmodules.all as vtk


class TriMesh:
    # 0.文件
    filename = None  # 文件名
    path = None  # 路径
    file = None  # 完整路径
    format = None  # 格式

    # 1.基本属性
    vs = None     # 顶点
    faces = None  # 面片
    name = None   # 自定义名称
    actor = None  # 保存可视化的数据

    # 2.进阶属性
    point_adjacency_matrix = None  # 点的邻接矩阵
    edges = None
    edge_labels = None
    edge_actor = None

    def __init__(self, file=None, mode=None):
        # 赋值
        self.path = ntpath.split(file)[0]
        self.filename = ntpath.split(file)[1]
        self.file = file
        self.format = self.filename.split('.')[-1]
        self.actor = vtk.vtkActor()
        self.edge_actor = vtk.vtkActor()

        # 读取
        if self.format == 'obj':
            if mode == 1:
                self.vs, self.faces, self.edges, self.edge_labels = load_obj_with_edges(file)
            else:
                self.vs, self.faces = load_obj(file)
        else:
            print('Unsupported format')
            return

        # 计算点邻接矩阵
        self.point_adjacency_matrix = self.computer_point_adjacency_matrix()

    def computer_point_adjacency_matrix(self):
        num = len(self.vs)
        row = np.hstack([self.faces[:, 0], self.faces[:, 1], self.faces[:, 2]])
        col = np.hstack([self.faces[:, 1], self.faces[:, 2], self.faces[:, 0]])
        value = 0 * row + 1
        point_adjacency_matrix = csr_matrix((value, (row, col)), shape=(num, num)).toarray()
        return point_adjacency_matrix

    def boundary_edge(self):
        edge_cnt = self.point_adjacency_matrix + self.point_adjacency_matrix.T
        two_point = np.where(edge_cnt == 1)
        return two_point

    def creat_edges(self):
        edge2key = dict()
        edges = []
        for face_id, face in enumerate(self.faces):
            faces_edges = []
            for i in range(3):
                cur_edge = (face[i], face[(i + 1) % 3])
                faces_edges.append(cur_edge)
            for idx, edge in enumerate(faces_edges):
                edge = tuple(sorted(list(edge)))
                faces_edges[idx] = edge
                if edge not in edge2key:
                    edge2key[edge] = 1
                    edges.append(list(edge))
        self.edges = np.array(edges, dtype=np.int32)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    cs = TriMesh('../00ceshi/1.obj')
    # print(cs.point_adjacency_matrix)
    point = cs.boundary_edge()
    print(1)

2.2 界面Widget_Mesh_Manager

from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from Widget_Mesh_Manager.ui_Widget_Mesh_Manager import Ui_Widget_Mesh_Manager
import datetime
from Mesh.TriMesh import TriMesh
import numpy as np


class Widget_Mesh_Manager(QWidget, Ui_Widget_Mesh_Manager):
    TriMesh_list = []
    mesh_show = pyqtSignal(int)

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(Widget_Mesh_Manager, self).__init__(parent)
        self.setupUi(self)
        # 滚动条设置
        self.hSlider_pointSize.setMinimum(1)       # 点
        self.hSlider_pointSize.setMaximum(9)
        self.hSlider_pointSize.setSingleStep(1)
        # self.hSlider_pointSize.setTickInterval(2)     # 带有样式 不显示刻度
        # self.hSlider_pointSize.setTickPosition(QSlider.TicksBelow)
        self.hSlider_edgeSize.setMinimum(1)        # 边
        self.hSlider_edgeSize.setMaximum(9)
        self.hSlider_edgeSize.setSingleStep(1)
        self.hSlider_lightIntensity.setMinimum(0)  # 灯光
        self.hSlider_lightIntensity.setMaximum(10)
        self.hSlider_lightIntensity.setSingleStep(1)

        # 按钮点击函数
        self.initBtn()

        # UI布局
        self.initUI()

    def initBtn(self):
        pass

    def initUI(self):
        # tableWidget
        self.tableWidget.setColumnCount(1)  # 列数
        self.tableWidget.horizontalHeader().setSectionResizeMode(QHeaderView.Stretch)  # 所有列自动拉伸，充满界面
        self.tableWidget.setSelectionMode(QAbstractItemView.SingleSelection)           # 设置只能选中一行
        self.tableWidget.setEditTriggers(QTableView.NoEditTriggers)                    # 不可编辑
        self.tableWidget.setSelectionBehavior(QAbstractItemView.SelectRows)            # 设置只有行选中
        self.tableWidget.verticalHeader().setVisible(False)         # 隐藏列表头
        self.tableWidget.horizontalHeader().setVisible(False)       # 隐藏行

    def addMesh(self, mesh: TriMesh):
        # 添加到list
        self.TriMesh_list.append(mesh)
        # 添加到ui
        row = self.tableWidget.rowCount()
        self.tableWidget.insertRow(row)
        item = QTableWidgetItem(mesh.filename)
        self.tableWidget.setItem(row, 0, item)
        self.tableWidget.clearFocus()
        self.tableWidget.selectRow(row)     # 新加入的行被选中
        # item.setSelected(True)
        # 刷新Info
        self.showMesh_Info(row)

    def addLog(self, info):
        time = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S: ")
        self.textEdit.append(time + info)

    def showMesh_Info(self, mesh_id):
        mesh = self.TriMesh_list[mesh_id]
        self.groupBox.setTitle(mesh.filename)
        self.label_vs_num.setText('顶点个数：' + str(len(mesh.vs)))
        self.label_face_num.setText('面片个数：' + str(len(mesh.faces)))
        self.mesh_show.emit(mesh_id)

    # 重写tableWidget的点击事件
    def on_tableWidget_cellClicked(self, row, col):
        self.showMesh_Info(row)
        pass

2.3 VTK可视化

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from Widget_Vtk.ui_Widget_Vtk import Ui_Widget_Vtk
from Mesh.TriMesh import TriMesh
import numpy as np
from vtkmodules.qt.QVTKRenderWindowInteractor import QVTKRenderWindowInteractor
import vtkmodules.all as vtk


class Widget_Vtk(QWidget, Ui_Widget_Vtk):
    mapper = None    # 映射器 数据
    actor = None     # 演员 get mapper
    renderer = None  # 渲染
    light = None     # 灯光 只有一个

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(Widget_Vtk, self).__init__(parent)
        self.setupUi(self)
        #
        self.vtk_widget = QVTKRenderWindowInteractor(self)
        self.colors = np.array([[0, 0, 255], [0, 255, 255], [255, 0, 255], [0, 255, 0],
                                [255, 255, 0], [255, 0, 0], [100, 180, 51], [255, 150, 51]])
        self.colors = np.array([[80, 136, 240], [0, 255, 255], [255, 0, 255], [0, 255, 0],
                                [255, 255, 0], [255, 0, 0], [70, 70, 220], [255, 150, 51], [0,0,0]])
        self.colors1 = np.array([[180, 90, 90], [121, 185, 128], [90, 90, 180], [180, 180, 0],
                                [255, 255, 0], [255, 0, 0], [100, 255, 51], [255, 150, 51]])

        # 初始化render
        self.renderer = vtk.vtkRenderer()
        self.renderer.SetBackground(1, 1, 1)
        self.vtk_widget.GetRenderWindow().AddRenderer(self.renderer)
        self.interactor = self.vtk_widget.GetRenderWindow().GetInteractor()
        interactor_style = vtk.vtkInteractorStyleTrackballCamera()
        self.interactor.SetInteractorStyle(interactor_style)
        self.interactor.Initialize()

        # 初始化light
        self.light = vtk.vtkLight()
        self.light.SwitchOff()      # 默认关闭
        self.renderer.AddLight(self.light)
        self.vtk_widget.Render()
        self.vtk_widget.Start()
        self.renderer.ResetCamera()
        self.vtk_widget.update()

    def resizeEvent(self, e):
        """
            重写窗口移动事件
        """
        self.vtk_widget.resize(self.size())

    def removeAllActors(self):
        al = self.renderer.GetActors()
        n = al.GetNumberOfItems()
        al.InitTraversal()
        for i in range(n):
            actor = al.GetNextActor()
            self.renderer.RemoveActor(actor)
        self.vtk_widget.update()

    def showTrimesh(self, mesh: TriMesh):
        # 添加点
        points = vtk.vtkPoints()
        for v in mesh.vs:
            points.InsertNextPoint(v)

        # 添加面片
        polys = vtk.vtkCellArray()
        for f in mesh.faces:
            polys.InsertNextCell(len(f), f)

        # 创建PolyData
        cube = vtk.vtkPolyData()
        cube.SetPoints(points)
        cube.SetPolys(polys)

        # 创建 mapper 和 actor
        mapper = vtk.vtkPolyDataMapper()
        mapper.ScalarVisibilityOff()
        mapper.SetInputData(cube)

        mesh.actor.SetMapper(mapper)
        mesh.actor.GetProperty().SetColor([0.5, 0.5, 0.5])

        self.renderer.AddActor(mesh.actor)
        self.renderer.ResetCamera()
        self.vtk_widget.update()

    def show_boundary_edge(self, mesh: TriMesh):
        # 添加点
        points = vtk.vtkPoints()
        for v in mesh.vs:
            points.InsertNextPoint(v)

        pa, pb = mesh.boundary_edge()
        # 添加边
        edges = vtk.vtkCellArray()
        for i in range(len(pa)):
            edges.InsertNextCell(2, np.array([pa[i], pb[i]]))

        # 添加边界
        mapper2 = vtk.vtkPolyDataMapper()
        cube1 = vtk.vtkPolyData()
        cube1.SetPoints(points)
        cube1.SetLines(edges)

        mapper2.SetInputData(cube1)

        mesh.edge_actor.SetMapper(mapper2)
        # mesh.edge_actor.GetProperty().SetEdgeColor(0, 0, 1)
        # mesh.edge_actor.GetProperty().SetEdgeVisibility(1)
        mesh.edge_actor.GetProperty().SetLineWidth(2)
        self.renderer.AddActor(mesh.edge_actor)
        self.vtk_widget.update()

    def show_mesh_color(self, mesh: TriMesh):
        # 添加点
        points = vtk.vtkPoints()
        for v in mesh.vs:
            points.InsertNextPoint(v)

        # 添加面片
        polys = vtk.vtkCellArray()
        cellColor = vtk.vtkFloatArray()
        for f in mesh.faces:
            polys.InsertNextCell(len(f), f)
            cellColor.InsertNextValue(mesh.vs[f[0]][0])

        # 创建PolyData
        cube = vtk.vtkPolyData()
        cube.SetPoints(points)
        cube.SetPolys(polys)
        cube.GetCellData().SetScalars(cellColor)

        # 创建 mapper 和 actor
        self.mapper = vtk.vtkPolyDataMapper()
        self.mapper.SetScalarRange(min(mesh.vs[:, 0]), max(mesh.vs[:, 0]))
        self.mapper.SetInputData(cube)
        mesh.actor.SetMapper(self.mapper)
        mesh.actor.GetProperty().SetEdgeVisibility(1)

        self.vtk_widget.update()

    def show_point_color(self, mesh: TriMesh, seg=[]):
        # 添加点
        points = vtk.vtkPoints()
        pColor = vtk.vtkFloatArray()

        for v in mesh.vs:
            points.InsertNextPoint(v)
            # id = np.random.randint(0, 2)
            pColor.InsertNextValue(v[0])
        if len(seg) > 0:
            pColor = vtk.vtkFloatArray()
            for s in seg:
                pColor.InsertNextValue(s)

        # 添加面片
        polys = vtk.vtkCellArray()
        for f in mesh.faces:
            polys.InsertNextCell(len(f), f)

        # 创建PolyData
        cube = vtk.vtkPolyData()
        cube.SetPoints(points)
        cube.SetPolys(polys)
        cube.GetPointData().SetScalars(pColor)

        mapper = vtk.vtkPolyDataMapper()
        mapper.SetScalarRange(min(mesh.vs[:, 2]), max(mesh.vs[:, 2]))
        mapper.SetInputData(cube)

        mesh.actor.SetMapper(mapper)
        mesh.actor.GetProperty().SetColor([0.5, 0.5, 0.5])

        self.vtk_widget.update()

    def show_mesh_seg(self, mesh: TriMesh, seg):
        # 添加点
        points = vtk.vtkPoints()
        for v in mesh.vs:
            points.InsertNextPoint(v)

        # 添加面片
        polys = vtk.vtkCellArray()
        cellColor = vtk.vtkUnsignedCharArray()
        cellColor.SetNumberOfComponents(3)
        for f in mesh.faces:
            polys.InsertNextCell(len(f), f)
        for s in seg:
            c = self.colors[s]
            cellColor.InsertNextTuple(c)


        # 创建PolyData
        cube = vtk.vtkPolyData()
        cube.SetPoints(points)
        cube.SetPolys(polys)
        cube.GetCellData().SetScalars(cellColor)

        # 创建 mapper
        mapper = vtk.vtkPolyDataMapper()
        mapper.SetColorModeToDefault()  # 需要设置为默认颜色Mode
        mapper.SetInputData(cube)
        mesh.actor.SetMapper(mapper)

        self.vtk_widget.update()

    def show_points(self, mesh: TriMesh):
        # 添加点
        points = vtk.vtkPoints()
        for v in mesh.vs:
            points.InsertNextPoint(v)

        vs = vtk.vtkPolyData()
        vs.SetPoints(points)

        # 生成顶点
        vertex = vtk.vtkVertexGlyphFilter()
        vertex.SetInputData(vs)

        # 创建 mapper 和 actor
        mapper = vtk.vtkPolyDataMapper()
        mapper.SetInputConnection(vertex.GetOutputPort())

        mesh.actor.SetMapper(mapper)
        mesh.actor.GetProperty().SetColor([0, 0, 0])
        mesh.actor.GetProperty().SetPointSize(5)
        self.vtk_widget.update()

    def saveToimage(self):
        from vtkmodules.vtkRenderingCore import vtkWindowToImageFilter
        from vtkmodules.vtkIOImage import (
            vtkBMPWriter,
            vtkJPEGWriter,
            vtkPNGWriter,
            vtkPNMWriter,
            vtkPostScriptWriter,
            vtkTIFFWriter
        )

        im_filter = vtkWindowToImageFilter()                   #
        im_filter.SetInput(self.vtk_widget.GetRenderWindow())  # QVTKRenderWindowInteractor
        im_filter.SetScale(3)                                  #
        im_filter.SetInputBufferTypeToRGBA()

        writer = vtkBMPWriter()
        #writer = vtkPostScriptWriter()
        writer.SetFileName('cs.bmp')
        #writer.SetFileName('cs.ps')
        writer.SetInputConnection(im_filter.GetOutputPort())
        writer.Write()

    def showTrimesh_with_edge(self, mesh: TriMesh):
        # 添加点
        points = vtk.vtkPoints()
        for v in mesh.vs:
            points.InsertNextPoint(v)

        # 添加面片
        c = 255
        face_color = [c, c, c]
        polys = vtk.vtkCellArray()
        cellColor = vtk.vtkUnsignedCharArray()
        cellColor.SetNumberOfComponents(3)
        for f in mesh.faces:
            polys.InsertNextCell(len(f), f)
            cellColor.InsertNextTuple(face_color)

        # 添加边 和 边的颜色
        edges = vtk.vtkCellArray()
        edge_colors = vtk.vtkUnsignedCharArray()
        edge_colors.SetNumberOfComponents(3)
        for e in mesh.edges:
            edges.InsertNextCell(2, e)
        for edge_labels in mesh.edge_labels:
            # edge_colors.InsertNextTuple(self.colors[edge_labels])  # colors1
            edge_colors.InsertNextTuple(self.colors[edge_labels])

        # 创建PolyData
        cube = vtk.vtkPolyData()
        cube.SetPoints(points)
        cube.SetPolys(polys)
        # cube.SetLines(edges)
        cube.GetCellData().SetScalars(cellColor)

        # 细分
        loop = vtk.vtkLoopSubdivisionFilter()
        # loop = vtk.vtkButterflySubdivisionFilter()
        # loop = vtk.vtkLinearSubdivisionFilter()
        loop.SetInputData(cube)
        loop.SetNumberOfSubdivisions(0)
        loop.Update()
        print(loop.GetOutput().GetNumberOfPolys())

        # 平滑
        smoothFilter = vtk.vtkSmoothPolyDataFilter()
        # smoothFilter = vtk.vtkWindowedSincPolyDataFilter()
        smoothFilter.SetInputConnection(loop.GetOutputPort())
        # smoothFilter.SetInputData(cube)
        smoothFilter.SetNumberOfIterations(1)  # 控制平滑次数，次数越大平滑越厉害
        smoothFilter.Update()


        # 创建 mapper 和 actor
        self.mapper = vtk.vtkPolyDataMapper()
        self.mapper.SetColorModeToDefault()     # 需要设置为默认颜色Mode
        # self.mapper.SetInputData(cube)
        # self.mapper.SetInputConnection(loop.GetOutputPort())
        self.mapper.SetInputConnection(smoothFilter.GetOutputPort())
        print(smoothFilter.GetOutput().GetNumberOfPolys())
        self.actor = vtk.vtkActor()
        self.actor.SetMapper(self.mapper)

        # 添加边
        self.mapper2 = vtk.vtkPolyDataMapper()
        cube1 = vtk.vtkPolyData()
        cube1.SetPoints(points)
        # cube1.SetPolys(edges)
        cube1.SetLines(edges)
        cube1.GetCellData().SetScalars(edge_colors)
        self.mapper2.SetInputData(cube1)
        self.actor2 = vtk.vtkActor()
        self.actor2.SetMapper(self.mapper2)
        # self.actor2.GetProperty().SetEdgeColor(0, 0, 1)
        self.actor2.GetProperty().SetEdgeVisibility(1)
        self.actor2.GetProperty().SetLineWidth(4)

        # 显示
        self.vtk_widget.Render()
        self.vtk_widget.Start()



        # self.renderer.
        self.renderer = vtk.vtkRenderer()
        self.renderer.SetBackground(0.7, 0.7, 0.7)
        self.renderer.SetBackground2(1, 1, 1)
        self.renderer.SetGradientBackground(1)
        # 灯光
        myLight = vtk.vtkLight()
        # myLight.SetColor(1, 1, 1)  # 设置灯光的颜色，以RGB的形式指定颜色
        # myLight.SetPosition(100, 100, 100)  # 设灯光照位置
        myLight.SetLightType(vtk.VTK_LIGHT_TYPE_HEADLIGHT)
        #vtk.VTK_LIGHT_TYPE_SCENE_LIGHT
        #vtk.VTK_LIGHT_TYPE_CAMERA_LIGHT
        # myLight.SetFocalPoint(self.renderer.GetActiveCamera().GetFocalPoint())  # 设置灯光焦点
        myLight.SetIntensity(1)      # 可视化边的时候设置为0.9
        # myLight.SwitchOff()
        self.renderer.AddLight(myLight)  # 因为renderer里可以有多个灯光，所以是AddLight() 而不是 SetLight()
        # self.renderer.Set
        self.vtk_widget.GetRenderWindow().AddRenderer(self.renderer)
        self.renderer.AddActor(self.actor)
        self.renderer.AddActor(self.actor2)

        self.renderer.ResetCamera()
        self.vtk_widget.update()

    def cs(self):
        # 三角网格
        vs = np.array([[-1, 1, -0.5],
                       [-1, 0, 0],
                       [-1, -1, -0.5],
                       [0, 0.3, 0],
                       [0, -0.3, 0],
                       [0.5, 0, 0.5]], dtype=np.float32)  # 0.5 -0.5
        faces = np.array([[4, 1, 3], [4, 1, 2], [0, 3, 1], [3, 5, 4]], dtype=np.int16)
        # 颜色
        c = np.array([[0, 1, 1], [0.5, 1, 0.5], [0.5, 1, 0.5], [1, 1, 0.5]]) * 255

        # 添加点
        points = vtk.vtkPoints()
        for v in vs:
            points.InsertNextPoint(v)

        # 添加面片
        polys = vtk.vtkCellArray()
        for f in faces:
            polys.InsertNextCell(3, f)

        cellColor = vtk.vtkUnsignedCharArray()
        cellColor.SetNumberOfComponents(3)
        for tmp in c:
            cellColor.InsertNextTuple(tmp)

        # 创建PolyData
        cube = vtk.vtkPolyData()
        cube.SetPoints(points)
        cube.SetPolys(polys)
        cube.GetCellData().SetScalars(cellColor)

        # 细分
        l = vtk.vtkLinearSubdivisionFilter()
        l.SetInputData(cube)
        l.SetNumberOfSubdivisions(1)
        l.Update()


        loop = vtk.vtkLoopSubdivisionFilter()
        #loop.SetInputData(l.GetOutputPort())
        loop.SetInputConnection(l.GetOutputPort())
        loop.SetNumberOfSubdivisions(5)
        loop.Update()

        # 创建Mapper
        mapper = vtk.vtkPolyDataMapper()
        mapper.SetColorModeToDefault()
        mapper.SetInputData(cube)
        mapper.SetInputConnection(loop.GetOutputPort())

        # 创建actor
        actor = vtk.vtkActor()
        actor.SetMapper(mapper)
        # actor.GetProperty().SetColor([1, 1, 1])
        # actor.GetProperty().SetEdgeColor(0, 0, 0)
        actor.GetProperty().SetEdgeVisibility(0)

        # 灯光
        myLight = vtk.vtkLight()
        myLight.SetColor(1, 1, 1)  # 设置灯光的颜色，以RGB的形式指定颜色
        myLight.SetPosition(0, 0, 1)
        myLight.SetLightType(vtk.VTK_LIGHT_TYPE_SCENE_LIGHT)
        # vtk.VTK_LIGHT_TYPE_SCENE_LIGHT
        # vtk.VTK_LIGHT_TYPE_CAMERA_LIGHT
        myLight.SetFocalPoint(self.renderer.GetActiveCamera().GetFocalPoint())  # 设置灯光焦点
        myLight.SetIntensity(0.5)  # 可视化边的时候设置为0.9
        # myLight.SwitchOff()
        self.renderer.AddLight(myLight)  # 因为renderer里可以有多个灯光，所以是AddLight() 而不是 SetLight()

        self.renderer.AddActor(actor)
        self.renderer.ResetCamera()
        self.vtk_widget.update()

2.4 main

from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from MainWindow.MainWindow import MainWindow
import sys

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    # 加载图标
    app.setWindowIcon(QIcon('./Resource/rabbit.ico'))
    # 加载样式
    s = './Resource/blue.css'
    with open(s, "r") as f:
        app.setPalette(QPalette(QColor('#EAF7FF')))
        app.setStyleSheet(f.read())
    # 显示
    mainWindow = MainWindow()
    mainWindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())