很高兴,最近项目用到了Asp.Net MVC4 + Entity Framework5,发现mvc4加入了Bundle、Web API等技术,着实让我兴奋,以前是用第三方的,这里主要说说Bundle技术。
很多大网站都没有用Bundle技术造成很多资源浪费与性能的牺牲,别小瞧 用上了你会发现他的好处:
将多个请求捆绑为一个请求,减少服务器请求数
没有使用Bundle技术,debug下看到的是实际的请求数与路径
使用Bundle技术,并且拥有缓存功能
调试设置为Release模式并按F5或修改web.config,就可以看到合并与压缩的效果
压缩javascript,css等资源文件,减小网络带宽,提升性能
后台配置
MVC4在架构上有些变动,简化了原来的Global.asax,增加了一些静态的配置文件在App_Start下面,留意下BundleConfig.cs,顾名思义是Bundle的配置,所有它的配置在这里进行就可以了,当然也可以单独的配置文件。
public class BundleConfig
{
// For more information on Bundling, visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=254725
public static void RegisterBundles(BundleCollection bundles)
{
bundles.Add(new ScriptBundle("~/bundles/jquery").Include(
"~/Scripts/jquery-{version}.js"));
bundles.Add(new ScriptBundle("~/bundles/jqueryui").Include(
"~/Scripts/jquery-ui-{version}.js"));
bundles.Add(new ScriptBundle("~/bundles/jqueryval").Include(
"~/Scripts/jquery.unobtrusive*",
"~/Scripts/jquery.validate*"));
// Use the development version of Modernizr to develop with and learn from. Then, when you're
// ready for production, use the build tool at http://modernizr.com to pick only the tests you need.
bundles.Add(new ScriptBundle("~/bundles/modernizr").Include(
"~/Scripts/modernizr-*"));
bundles.Add(new StyleBundle("~/Content/css").Include("~/Content/site.css"));
bundles.Add(new StyleBundle("~/Content/themes/base/css").Include(
"~/Content/themes/base/jquery.ui.core.css",
"~/Content/themes/base/jquery.ui.resizable.css",
"~/Content/themes/base/jquery.ui.selectable.css",
"~/Content/themes/base/jquery.ui.accordion.css",
"~/Content/themes/base/jquery.ui.autocomplete.css",
"~/Content/themes/base/jquery.ui.button.css",
"~/Content/themes/base/jquery.ui.dialog.css",
"~/Content/themes/base/jquery.ui.slider.css",
"~/Content/themes/base/jquery.ui.tabs.css",
"~/Content/themes/base/jquery.ui.datepicker.css",
"~/Content/themes/base/jquery.ui.progressbar.css",
"~/Content/themes/base/jquery.ui.theme.css"));
}
}
这里大家可以按模块化去配置,我们看到的下面的Url对应的就是上面的bundles.Add(...) 所增加的js、css的virtualPath
需要注意的是不同virtualPath 增加的相同的资源文件,会被重复加载!
前台调用
对于公共的资源文件,通常我们都会放到_Layout.cshtml (webform中的母板页) 文件中
Script文件引用:@Scripts.Render(virtualPath[,virtualPath1][,virtualPath2][,...])
CSS文件引用: @Styles.Render(virtualPath[,virtualPath1][,virtualPath2][,...])
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>@ViewBag.Title - My ASP.NET MVC Application</title>
<link href="~/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
@Styles.Render("~/Content/css")
@Styles.Render("~/Content/themes/base/css")
<link href="/Content/test.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="body">...</div>
@Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jquery")
@Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jqueryui")
@RenderSection("scripts", required: false)
</body>
</html>
正则匹配需要的,过滤不需要的
public static void RegisterBundles(BundleCollection bundles)
{
bundles.IgnoreList.Clear();
bundles.IgnoreList.Ignore("*.debug.js");
bundles.IgnoreList.Ignore("*.min.js");
bundles.IgnoreList.Ignore("*-vsdoc.js");
bundles.IgnoreList.Ignore("*intellisense.js");
bundles.Add(new ScriptBundle("~/bundles/jquery").Include(
"~/Scripts/jquery-{version}.js")); //匹配jquery版本
bundles.Add(new ScriptBundle("~/bundles/jqueryval").Include(
"~/Scripts/jquery.unobtrusive*", //匹配文件名前缀为jquery.unobtrusive
"~/Scripts/jquery.validate*"));
...
}
使用CDN
bundles.UseCdn = true; //使用CDN
string jqueryCdn = "http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.7.1.min.js";
bundles.Add(new ScriptBundle("~/bundles/jquery", jqueryCdn).Include(
"~/Scripts/jquery-{version}.js"));
当cdn服务器挂了或不能访问了,这里就会选择本地的资源文件,debug下mvc 会让我们看到他原来的面具,这点非常好利于我们调试。