Wargames与bash知识13

Wargames与bash知识13

Bandit21

基于时间的作业调度程序cron会定期自动运行一个程序。在/etc/cron.d/中查找配置,并查看正在执行的命令

cron, crontab, crontab(5) (use “man 5 crontab” to access this)

发现一个插曲,如果意外退出,短时间内登录是不需要密码的

bandit21@bandit:/usr/bin$ ^C
bandit21@bandit:/usr/bin$ ssh -p 2220 -l bandit21 bandit.labs.overthewire.org
The authenticity of host '[bandit.labs.overthewire.org]:2220 ([127.0.0.1]:2220)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:C2ihUBV7ihnV1wUXRb4RrEcLfXC5CXlhmAAM/urerLY.
This key is not known by any other names
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Could not create directory '/home/bandit21/.ssh' (Permission denied).
Failed to add the host to the list of known hosts (/home/bandit21/.ssh/known_hosts).
                         _                     _ _ _
                        | |__   __ _ _ __   __| (_) |_
                        | '_ \ / _` | '_ \ / _` | | __|
                        | |_) | (_| | | | | (_| | | |_
                        |_.__/ \__,_|_| |_|\__,_|_|\__|


                      This is an OverTheWire game server.
            More information on http://www.overthewire.org/wargames

!!! You are trying to log into this SSH server with a password on port 2220 from localhost.
!!! Connecting from localhost is blocked to conserve resources.
!!! Please log out and log in again.

[email protected]: Permission denied (publickey).
bandit21@bandit:/usr/bin$

在家目录发现bandit20的密码

bandit21@bandit:~$ cat .prevpass
VxCazJaVykI6W36BkBU0mJTCM8rR95XT

进入定时任务执行脚本目录,查看文件,发现几个.sh文件都有读权限,按个看看也无妨。

bandit21@bandit:~$ cd /etc/cron.d
bandit21@bandit:/etc/cron.d$ ls
cronjob_bandit15_root  cronjob_bandit22  cronjob_bandit24       e2scrub_all  sysstat
cronjob_bandit17_root  cronjob_bandit23  cronjob_bandit25_root  otw-tmp-dir
bandit21@bandit:/etc/cron.d$ ls -l
total 36
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  62 Oct  5 06:19 cronjob_bandit15_root
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  62 Oct  5 06:19 cronjob_bandit17_root
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 120 Oct  5 06:19 cronjob_bandit22
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 122 Oct  5 06:19 cronjob_bandit23
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 120 Oct  5 06:19 cronjob_bandit24
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  62 Oct  5 06:19 cronjob_bandit25_root
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 201 Jan  8  2022 e2scrub_all
-rwx------ 1 root root  52 Oct  5 06:20 otw-tmp-dir
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 396 Feb  2  2021 sysstat
bandit21@bandit:/etc/cron.d$ cat cronjob_bandit15_root
* * * * * root /usr/bin/cronjob_bandit15_root.sh &> /dev/null
bandit21@bandit:/etc/cron.d$ cat cronjob_bandit17_root
* * * * * root /usr/bin/cronjob_bandit17_root.sh &> /dev/null
bandit21@bandit:/etc/cron.d$ cat cronjob_bandit22
@reboot bandit22 /usr/bin/cronjob_bandit22.sh &> /dev/null
* * * * * bandit22 /usr/bin/cronjob_bandit22.sh &> /dev/null
bandit21@bandit:/etc/cron.d$ cat cronjob_bandit23
@reboot bandit23 /usr/bin/cronjob_bandit23.sh  &> /dev/null
* * * * * bandit23 /usr/bin/cronjob_bandit23.sh  &> /dev/null
bandit21@bandit:/etc/cron.d$ cat cronjob_bandit24
@reboot bandit24 /usr/bin/cronjob_bandit24.sh &> /dev/null
* * * * * bandit24 /usr/bin/cronjob_bandit24.sh &> /dev/null
bandit21@bandit:/etc/cron.d$ cat cronjob_bandit25_root
* * * * * root /usr/bin/cronjob_bandit25_root.sh &> /dev/null
bandit21@bandit:/etc/cron.d$ cat sysstat
#The first element of the path is a directory where the debian-sa1
#script is located
PATH=/usr/lib/sysstat:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
#Activity reports every 10 minutes everyday
5-55/10 * * * * root command -v debian-sa1 > /dev/null && debian-sa1 1 1

#Additional run at 23:59 to rotate the statistics file
59 23 * * * root command -v debian-sa1 > /dev/null && debian-sa1 60 2
bandit21@bandit:/etc/cron.d$

cron

cron的定时任务需要在作业文件中设定执行时间,包括时分秒、天数等,一共 7 个部分,格式如下:

        • *    [* ] root    cmd
          

分 时 日 月 星期 年 用户 命令

其中:
分:必须,可选 0-59,可设置 ,-/ 特殊字符
时:必须,可选 0-23,可设置 ,-
/ 特殊字符
日:必须,可选 1-31,可设置 ,-?/LW 特殊字符
月:必须,可选 1-12或 jan-dec,可设置 ,-
/ 特殊字符
星期:必须,可选 0-7 或 sun-sta,可设置 ,-?/L# 特殊字符
年:非必须,可留空,可设置 1970-2099,可设置 ,-
/ 特殊字符
几个特殊字符的含义如下:

  • 全部。意思是在该时间的任意点都应当执行?不指定,任意。仅用于 日(月)和日(周)。0 0 5
    ? 代表每个月的第5天零点,不论星期几。0 0 ? * 1 代表每周一,不论是当月的哪天。
    , 多个值的分隔符,例如1,5,10
  • 代表连续值,例如1-20
    / 步长。例如 5/15,代表从5开始,以15为步长。因此,当5/15位于分钟的位置时,表示小时内的第5、20、35和50分钟。
    L 最后一天。可以是每月最后一天或者每周最后一天。如果用在 天(周)字段,并且前面加数字,则表示最后一个周N。例如5L,表示最后一个周五(5表示周五,L表示最后)
    W 工作日,指周一到周五的任意一天
    # 表示第几个的意思,例如 6#3,表示当月第3个星期六(6表示周六,3表示第3个)
bandit21@bandit:/etc/cron.d$ cd /usr/bin
bandit21@bandit:/usr/bin$ ls *sh
bash                      cronjob_bandit23.sh       env_parallel.csh   env_parallel.tcsh   rsh
chsh                      cronjob_bandit24.sh       env_parallel.dash  env_parallel.zsh    sh
c_rehash                  cronjob_bandit25_root.sh  env_parallel.fish  gettext.sh          ssh
cronjob_bandit15_root.sh  dash                      env_parallel.ksh   instmodsh           static-sh
cronjob_bandit17_root.sh  env_parallel.ash          env_parallel.mksh  rbash               tclsh
cronjob_bandit22.sh       env_parallel.bash         env_parallel.sh    rescan-scsi-bus.sh
bandit21@bandit:/usr/bin$ ls -l *sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root     root     1396520 Jan  6  2022 bash
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root     root       44808 Nov 24  2022 chsh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root     root        6963 May 24  2023 c_rehash
-rwx------ 1 root     root         142 Oct  5 06:19 cronjob_bandit15_root.sh
-rwx------ 1 root     root         443 Oct  5 06:19 cronjob_bandit17_root.sh
-rwxr-x--- 1 bandit22 bandit21     130 Oct  5 06:19 cronjob_bandit22.sh
-rwxr-x--- 1 bandit23 bandit22     211 Oct  5 06:19 cronjob_bandit23.sh
-rwxr-x--- 1 bandit24 bandit23     384 Oct  5 06:19 cronjob_bandit24.sh
-rwx------ 1 root     root         497 Oct  5 06:19 cronjob_bandit25_root.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root     root      125688 Mar 23  2022 dash
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root     root       14565 Aug 28  2021 env_parallel.ash
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root     root       13565 Aug 28  2021 env_parallel.bash
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root     root        5377 Aug 28  2021 env_parallel.csh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root     root       14554 Aug 28  2021 env_parallel.dash
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root     root        6643 Aug 28  2021 env_parallel.fish
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root     root       12595 Aug 28  2021 env_parallel.ksh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root     root       12626 Aug 28  2021 env_parallel.mksh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root     root       14754 Aug 28  2021 env_parallel.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root     root        5380 Aug 28  2021 env_parallel.tcsh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root     root       12604 Aug 28  2021 env_parallel.zsh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root     root        5188 Mar 25  2022 gettext.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root     root        4373 May 23  2023 instmodsh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root     root           4 Jan  6  2022 rbash -> bash
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root     root       38762 Mar 25  2022 rescan-scsi-bus.sh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root     root          21 Sep 19 02:21 rsh -> /etc/alternatives/rsh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root     root           4 Sep 19 02:19 sh -> dash
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root     root      846888 Aug 24 13:40 ssh
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root     root           7 Feb  4  2022 static-sh -> busybox
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root     root           8 Mar 25  2022 tclsh -> tclsh8.6
bandit21@bandit:/usr/bin$ cat cronjob_bandit22.sh
#!/bin/bash
chmod 644 /tmp/t7O6lds9S0RqQh9aMcz6ShpAoZKF7fgv
cat /etc/bandit_pass/bandit22 > /tmp/t7O6lds9S0RqQh9aMcz6ShpAoZKF7fgv
bandit21@bandit:/usr/bin$ cat /tmp/t7O6lds9S0RqQh9aMcz6ShpAoZKF7fgv
WdDozAdTM2z9DiFEQ2mGlwngMfj4EZff
bandit21@bandit:/usr/bin$

bandit21@bandit:/usr/bin$ cd /etc/bandit_pass/
bandit21@bandit:/etc/bandit_pass$ ls -l bandit22
-r-------- 1 bandit22 bandit22 33 Oct  5 06:19 bandit22

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