CentOS8 服务篇4:FTP文件传输服务搭建与配置

FTP 文件传输服务三种配置模式: 匿名模式 本地用户模式 虚拟用户模式
 

安装ftp服务
安装完后再根据不同模式进行配置

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y vsftpd ftp
(vsftpd是搭建ftp服务器的,ftp是拿来测试的)
 
一、匿名模式配置
配置文件修改

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
只有第一条是必改的,其他的根据要求添加修改即可
 12 anonymous_enable=YES            允许匿名用户访问
 28 anon_upload_enable=YES          允许匿名用户上传文件
 32 anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES     允许匿名用户创建目录

这两个配置文件里没有,在文件最下面手打
127 anon_umask=022                    匿名用户上传文件的umask值
128 anon_other_write_enable=YES     允许匿名用户修改目录名称或删除目录
 

防火墙设置

一般来说,这两条不打也没问题
清空iptables防火墙策略,保存状态
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -F
[root@localhost ~]# iptables-save 
会弹一堆东西,是正常的

将ftp服务放行,保存防火墙配置
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=ftp
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload 
success

selinux配置
[root@localhost ~]# getsebool -a | grep ftp
ftpd_anon_write --> off
ftpd_connect_all_unreserved --> off
ftpd_connect_db --> off
ftpd_full_access --> off
ftpd_use_cifs --> off
ftpd_use_fusefs --> off
ftpd_use_nfs --> off
ftpd_use_passive_mode --> off
httpd_can_connect_ftp --> off
httpd_enable_ftp_server --> off
tftp_anon_write --> off
tftp_home_dir --> off
[root@localhost ~]# setsebool -P ftpd_full_access=on
                    -P 永久生效,不然重启就没了

重启与开机自启服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart vsftpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable vsftpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.
 

测试
这里给上其他用户权限才能创建目录     这个目录是匿名模式下访问的默认目录
[root@localhost ~]# chmod o=rwx /var/ftp/pub
[root@localhost ~]# ftp localhost    客户端验证就输服务器的ip
Trying ::1...
Connected to localhost (::1).
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.3)
Name (localhost:root): anonymous
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> cd pub
250 Directory successfully changed.
ftp> mkdir sky
257 "/pub/sky" created
创建成功,验证完成

二、本地用户模式
 

配置文件修改
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf 
默认什么都不改就是可以使用的,下面是一下常用的参数解析

 12 anonymous_enable=NO        禁止匿名用户访问
 15 local_enable=YES           允许本地用户登录
 18 write_enable=YES           允许本地用户上传(允许写入
 22 local_umask=022            本地用户创建文件的umask值

用户是否可以切出目录的三个设置,用的时候去掉#号   
100 #chroot_local_user=YES    
是否开启对本地用户chroot的限制,YES为默认所有用户都不能切出家目录,NO代表默认用户都可以切出家目录

101 #chroot_list_enable=YES    开启特例列表


103 #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list
如果chroot_local_user的值是YES则该文件中的用户是可以切出家目录,如果是NO,该文件中的用户则不能切出家目录,一行一个用户。


禁用用户登录名单配置
只有在 userlist_enable 开启的时候 userlist_deny 才起作用,userlist_deny不打的话默认就是yes
126 userlist_enable=YES   开启“禁用用户名单”,分别为/etc/vsftpd下 /user_list和/ftpusers
127 userlist_deny=NO      只有/etc/vsftpd/user_list 中的用户可以登录ftp
                    
                  YES     只有/etc/vsftpd/user_list和/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers 中的用户不能登录ftp
                            两个文件只要有一个里面有用户名就无法登录

防火墙配置
一般来说,这两条不打也没问题
清空iptables防火墙策略,保存状态
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -F
[root@localhost ~]# iptables-save 
会弹一堆东西,是正常的

将ftp服务放行,保存防火墙配置
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=ftp
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload 
success

[root@localhost ~]# getsebool -a | grep ftp
ftpd_anon_write --> off
ftpd_connect_all_unreserved --> off
ftpd_connect_db --> off
ftpd_full_access --> off
ftpd_use_cifs --> off
ftpd_use_fusefs --> off
ftpd_use_nfs --> off
ftpd_use_passive_mode --> off
httpd_can_connect_ftp --> off
httpd_enable_ftp_server --> off
tftp_anon_write --> off
tftp_home_dir --> off
[root@localhost ~]# setsebool -P ftpd_full_access=on
                      -P 永久生效,不然重启就没了

重启与开机自启服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart vsftpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable vsftpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.

 

测试
使用“禁用用户列表”以外的本地用户登录,或配置userlist_deny=NO后用root登录
[root@localhost ~]# ftp localhost
Trying ::1...
Connected to localhost (::1).
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.3)
Name (localhost:root): root
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> mkdir cy
257 "/root/cy" created
创建成功,ok
 

三、虚拟用户模式配置
创建ftp1和fpt2两个虚拟用户,密码都为123

[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/vsftpd/
创建一个文件并写入,文件名随意
[root@localhost vsftpd]# vim sky.txt

ftp1    奇数行为用户
123
     偶数行为密码
ftp2
123


使用hash算法将明文转换为数据库文件(为了安全
[root@localhost vsftpd]# db_load -T -t hash -f sky.txt sky.db
降低权限,删除原文件,更安全些,这两步不打也不影响效果
[root@localhost vsftpd]# chmod 600 sky.db 
[root@localhost vsftpd]# rm -rf sky.txt 

创建供虚拟用户映射的本地用户  
这个家目录是为了方便管理ftp,也可以换  不让登录是为了安全
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -d /var/ftproot -s /sbin/nologin ftpuser
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -Rf 755 /var/ftproot/

创建PAM文件,直接进入vsftpd更改,或创建vsftpd.vu文件进行编写
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/vsftpd.vu 
auth required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/sky
account required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/sky


 

配置文件和虚拟用户权限设置
 [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf 
 12 anonymous_enable=NO

 15 local_enable=YES

 18 write_enable=YES

 22 local_umask=022
 
最下面添加      
    
127 guest_enable=YES                    开启虚拟用户模式
128 guest_username=ftpuser              指定虚拟用户账户(映射用户
129 pam_service_name=vsftpd.vu          指定PAM文件        
130 user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/user    虚拟用户权限配置文件存放路径
131 allow_writeable_chroot=YES          
允许对囚禁的FTP根目录执行写入操作,而且不拒绝用户登录请求
    (这个不打就登录不了,应该是家目录的原因,改成其他的普通目录应该就不用加这条了)

创建虚拟用户权限配置文件存放路径
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /etc/vsftpd/user      目录名随意,但要与配置文件中一致

对应虚拟用户名创建权限配置文件(名字一样),权限使用匿名用户权限配置
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/vsftpd/user/ftp1    
anon_upload_enable=YES
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
anon_other_write_enable=YES
可以上传文件,创建、修改、删除目录

[root@localhost ~]# touch /etc/vsftpd/user/ftp2
创文件不编辑就是什么权限都不给              

防火墙设置
一般来说,这两条不打也没问题
清空iptables防火墙策略,保存状态
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -F
[root@localhost ~]# iptables-save 
会弹一堆东西,是正常的

将ftp服务放行,保存防火墙配置
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-service=ftp
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload 
success

[root@localhost ~]# getsebool -a | grep ftp
ftpd_anon_write --> off
ftpd_connect_all_unreserved --> off
ftpd_connect_db --> off
ftpd_full_access --> off
ftpd_use_cifs --> off
ftpd_use_fusefs --> off
ftpd_use_nfs --> off
ftpd_use_passive_mode --> off
httpd_can_connect_ftp --> off
httpd_enable_ftp_server --> off
tftp_anon_write --> off
tftp_home_dir --> off
[root@localhost ~]# setsebool -P ftpd_full_access=on
                      -P 永久生效,不然重启就没了
        

重启与开机自启服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart vsftpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable vsftpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/vsftpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service.
 

测试
[root@localhost ~]# ftp localhost
Trying ::1...
Connected to localhost (::1).
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.3)
Name (localhost:root): ftp1
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> mkdir tt
257 "/tt" created        可以创建文件
ftp> quit
221 Goodbye.

[root@localhost ~]# ftp localhost
Trying ::1...
Connected to localhost (::1).
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.3)
Name (localhost:root): ftp2
331 Please specify the password.
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> mkdir cc
550 Permission denied.        无权限创建文件

其余配置文件参数
自带
42 connect_from_port_20=YES            允许服务器主动模式(从20端口建立数据连接)
114 listen=NO                          是否以独立运行方式监听服务
 
  
手打
pasv_enable=YES                          允许服务器被动模式
listen_address=IP地址                    设置要监听的IP地址
listen_port=21                           设置FTP服务的监听端口
download_enable=YES                      是否允许下载文件
max_clients=0                            设置最大连接数,0为不限制
max_per_ip=0                             同一IP的最大连接数,0为不限制
local_root=/home             限制本地用户活动目录
anon_root=/home                     限制匿名用户活动目录
 

ftp连接后的基本命令
get  下载文件
put  上传文件
mget  mput  一次下载  上传 多个文件
dir   查看当前目录下的目录  !dir  查看本地的
pwd  当前目录路径
lcd   更改到本地目录
bye  退出

 

配置文件详解
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.

匿名用户访问,YES是允许,NO是拒绝
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=NO

# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# 本地用户登录,YES是允许,NO是拒绝.默认访问的是本地用户家目录,如果你开启了selinux
# 请设置开启布尔值ftp_home_dir为ON
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
local_enable=YES

#允许本地用户上传
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES

# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# 上传的权限是022,使用的是umask权限。对应的目录是755,文件是644
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022

# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
# 开启匿名用户上传功能,默认是拒绝的
#anon_upload_enable=YES

# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
# 开启匿名用户创建文件或文件夹权限
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES

# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
# 开启目录欢迎消息,一般对命令行登陆有效
dirmessage_enable=YES

# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
# 开启上传和下载日志记录功能
xferlog_enable=YES

#使用标准模式
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES

# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
# 声明匿名用户上传文件的所有者
# 允许更改匿名用户上传文件的所有者
#chown_uploads=YES
#所有者为whoever
#chown_username=whoever

# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
# 日志文件路径
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog

# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
# 日志文件采用标准格斯
xferlog_std_format=YES

# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
# 会话超时时间
#idle_session_timeout=600

# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
# 数据传输超时时间
#data_connection_timeout=120

# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
# FTP子进程管理用户
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure

# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
# 是否允许客户端发起“async ABOR”请求,该操作是不安全的默认禁止。
#async_abor_enable=YES

# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode. The vsftpd.conf(5) man page explains
# the behaviour when these options are disabled.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
# 该选项用于指定是否允许上传时以ASCII模式传输数据
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#该选项用于指定是否允许下载时以ASCII模式传输数据
#ascii_download_enable=YES

# You may fully customise the login banner string:
# FTP文本界面登陆欢迎词
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.

# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
# 是否开启拒绝的Email功能
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
# 指定保存被拒接的Email地址的文件
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails

# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
# 是否开启对本地用户chroot的限制,YES为默认所有用户都不能切出家目录,NO代表默认用户都可以切出家目录
# 设置方法类似于:YES拒绝所有,允许个别    NO  允许所有拒绝个别
#chroot_local_user=YES

#开启特例列表
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
# 如果chroot_local_user的值是YES则该文件中的用户是可以切出家目录,如果是NO,该文件中的用户则不能切出家目录
# 一行一个用户。
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
# 是否开启ls 递归查询功能 ls -R
#ls_recurse_enable=YES

# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
# 是否开启ftp独立模式在IPV4
listen=NO

# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
# 是否开启ftp独立模式在ipv6
listen_ipv6=YES


#启用pam模块验证
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#是否开启userlist功能.

#是否启用用户列表功能
userlist_enable=YES

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