起航Spring MVC：从零开始的环境搭建指南

引入依赖

创建 IDEA 的 Maven 项目，修改 pom.xml，添加以下依赖内容：涉及到 Spring、SpringMVC、Servlet、MyBatis、AOP、日志等。

<dependencies>
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
        <artifactId>spring-contextartifactId>
        <version>5.1.14.RELEASEversion>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvcartifactId>
        <version>5.1.14.RELEASEversion>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
        <artifactId>spring-jdbcartifactId>
        <version>5.3.15version>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
        <artifactId>spring-txartifactId>
        <version>5.1.14.RELEASEversion>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webartifactId>
        <version>5.1.14.RELEASEversion>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
        <artifactId>spring-coreartifactId>
        <version>5.1.14.RELEASEversion>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
        <artifactId>spring-beansartifactId>
        <version>5.1.14.RELEASEversion>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet-apiartifactId>
        <version>3.1.0version>
        <scope>providedscope>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>jstlgroupId>
        <artifactId>jstlartifactId>
        <version>1.2version>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet.jspgroupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-apiartifactId>
        <version>2.3.1version>
        <scope>providedscope>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatisgroupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-springartifactId>
        <version>2.0.2version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatisgroupId>
        <artifactId>mybatisartifactId>
        <version>3.4.6version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysqlgroupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-javaartifactId>
        <version>5.1.48version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibabagroupId>
        <artifactId>druidartifactId>
        <version>1.2.8version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
        <artifactId>spring-aopartifactId>
        <version>5.1.14.RELEASEversion>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.aspectjgroupId>
        <artifactId>aspectjrtartifactId>
        <version>1.8.8version>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.aspectjgroupId>
        <artifactId>aspectjweaverartifactId>
        <version>1.8.3version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junitgroupId>
        <artifactId>junitartifactId>
        <version>4.12version>
        <scope>testscope>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4jgroupId>
        <artifactId>slf4j-apiartifactId>
        <version>1.7.25version>
    dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4jgroupId>
        <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4jartifactId>
        <version>1.7.25version>
    dependency>

    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.yamlgroupId>
        <artifactId>snakeyamlartifactId>
        <version>1.23version>
    dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>ch.qos.logbackgroupId>
        <artifactId>logback-classicartifactId>
        <version>1.2.3version>
    dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>ch.qos.logbackgroupId>
        <artifactId>logback-coreartifactId>
        <version>1.2.3version>
    dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.logback-extensionsgroupId>
        <artifactId>logback-ext-springartifactId>
        <version>0.1.4version>
    dependency>
dependencies>

SpringMVC 配置文件

SpringMVC 的配置文件就是 Spring 的配置文件。两者是同一个东西。

src\main\resources\spring\spring-mvc.xml

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    
    <context:component-scan base-package="world.xuewei"/>

    
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
beans>

Web 配置文件

src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServletservlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServletservlet-class>
        <init-param>
            
            <param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring/spring-mvc.xmlparam-value>
        init-param>
        
        <load-on-startup>1load-on-startup>
    servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcherServletservlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/url-pattern>
    servlet-mapping>
web-app>

DispatcherServlet 称为前端控制器（中央控制器）,用于创建 Spring 的工厂和控制 SpringMVC 内部的运行流程。因为 DispatcherServlet 只能读取 XML 配置，所以现阶段无法进行纯注解编程。

控制器开发

开发一个 JSP 页面用于页面跳转。

src/main/webapp/hello.jsp

<html>
<body>
<h2>My First Controllerh2>
body>
html>

开发第一个控制器，访问 /hello 时将跳转到上面创建的 JSP 页面。

world.xuewei.controller.HelloController

package world.xuewei.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * 第一个控制器
 *
 * @author 薛伟
 * @since 2023/10/30 16:18
 */
@Controller
public class HelloController {

    /**
     * 第一个请求
     *
     * @param request  请求类对象，可用于获取请求参数
     * @param response 响应对象，可用于响应结果
     * @return 调整页面的名称
     */
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        System.out.println("Hello World");
        return "/hello.jsp";
    }
}