2023年2月2日,在ETH和BSC上的Orion Protocol项目被攻击,这里以ETH上攻击为例:
Eth上的攻击交易Ethereum Transaction Hash (Txhash) Details | Etherscan
从中我们可以看出,input data为单纯的函数签名,没有参数,只是调用了一个攻击函数
查看对应的phalcon调用序列:
depositAsset
函数,看一下该函数的源码: function depositAsset(address assetAddress, uint112 amount) external {
uint256 actualAmount = IERC20(assetAddress).balanceOf(address(this));
IERC20(assetAddress).safeTransferFrom(
msg.sender,
address(this),
uint256(amount)
);
actualAmount = IERC20(assetAddress).balanceOf(address(this)) - actualAmount;
generalDeposit(assetAddress, uint112(actualAmount));
}
generateDeposit
函数,这一步USDC的存款是为后续的攻击做准备。uniswapV2Call
函数swapThroughOrionPool
,orion Protocol提供的代币交换函数,代币兑换路径为[USDC, ATK, USDT],其中ATK为攻击者提前创建的恶意代币,将USDC兑换成USDT function swapThroughOrionPool(
uint112 amount_spend,
uint112 amount_receive,
address[] calldata path,
bool is_exact_spend
) public payable nonReentrant {
bool isCheckPosition = LibPool.doSwapThroughOrionPool(
IPoolFunctionality.SwapData({
amount_spend: amount_spend,
amount_receive: amount_receive,
is_exact_spend: is_exact_spend,
supportingFee: false,
path: path,
orionpool_router: _orionpoolRouter,
isInContractTrade: false,
isSentETHEnough: false,
isFromWallet: false,
asset_spend: address(0)
}),
assetBalances, liabilities);
进一步调用PoolFunctionality 合约中的 doSwapThroughOrionPool 函数,仔细看一下函数源码,该函数进一步调用了_doSwapTokens()函数
上述代码中_doSwapTokens()函数时进行相应的输入,输出代币数量的计算,跟进该函数的实现
function _doSwapTokens(InternalSwapData memory swapData) internal returns (uint256 amountIn, uint256 amountOut) {
bool isLastWETH = swapData.path[swapData.path.length - 1] == WETH;
address toAuto = isLastWETH || swapData.curFactoryType == FactoryType.CURVE ? address(this) : swapData.to;
uint256[] memory amounts;
if (!swapData.supportingFee) {
if (swapData.isExactIn) {
amounts = OrionMultiPoolLibrary.getAmountsOut(
swapData.curFactory,
swapData.curFactoryType,
swapData.amountIn,
swapData.path
);
require(amounts[amounts.length - 1] >= swapData.amountOut, "PoolFunctionality: IOA");
} else {
amounts = OrionMultiPoolLibrary.getAmountsIn(
swapData.curFactory,
swapData.curFactoryType,
swapData.amountOut,
swapData.path
);
require(amounts[0] <= swapData.amountIn, "PoolFunctionality: EIA");
}
} else {
amounts = new uint256[](1);
amounts[0] = swapData.amountIn;
}
amountIn = amounts[0];
{
uint256 curBalance;
address initialTransferSource = swapData.curFactoryType == FactoryType.CURVE ? address(this)
: OrionMultiPoolLibrary.pairFor(swapData.curFactory, swapData.path[0], swapData.path[1]);
if (swapData.supportingFee) curBalance = IERC20(swapData.path[0]).balanceOf(initialTransferSource);
IPoolSwapCallback(msg.sender).safeAutoTransferFrom(
swapData.asset_spend,
swapData.user,
initialTransferSource,
amountIn
);
if (swapData.supportingFee) amounts[0] = IERC20(swapData.path[0]).balanceOf(initialTransferSource) - curBalance;
}
{
uint256 curBalance = IERC20(swapData.path[swapData.path.length - 1]).balanceOf(toAuto);
//计算转账前的余额
if (swapData.curFactoryType == FactoryType.CURVE) {
_swapCurve(swapData.curFactory, amounts, swapData.path, swapData.supportingFee);
} else if (swapData.curFactoryType == FactoryType.UNISWAPLIKE) {
//这里的swap函数完成相应的代币兑换
_swap(swapData.curFactory, amounts, swapData.path, toAuto, swapData.supportingFee);
}
//将账户余额与转账前余额相减,得到新增的金额
amountOut = IERC20(swapData.path[swapData.path.length - 1]).balanceOf(toAuto) - curBalance;
}
require(
swapData.amountIn == 0 || swapData.amountOut == 0 ||
amountIn * 1e18 / swapData.amountIn <= amountOut * 1e18 / swapData.amountOut,
"PoolFunctionality: OOS"
);
if (isLastWETH) {
SafeTransferHelper.safeAutoTransferTo(
WETH,
address(0),
swapData.to,
amountOut
);
} else if (swapData.curFactoryType == FactoryType.CURVE) {
IERC20(swapData.path[swapData.path.length - 1]).safeTransfer(swapData.to, amountOut);
}
emit OrionPoolSwap(
tx.origin,
convertFromWETH(swapData.path[0]),
convertFromWETH(swapData.path[swapData.path.length - 1]),
swapData.amountIn,
amountIn,
swapData.amountOut,
amountOut,
swapData.curFactory
);
}
function _swap(
address curFactory,
uint256[] memory amounts,
address[] memory path,
address _to,
bool supportingFee
) internal {
for (uint256 i; i < path.length - 1; ++i) {
(address input, address output) = (path[i], path[i + 1]);
IOrionPoolV2Pair pair = IOrionPoolV2Pair(OrionMultiPoolLibrary.pairFor(curFactory, input, output));
(address token0, ) = OrionMultiPoolLibrary.sortTokens(input, output);
uint256 amountOut;
if (supportingFee) {
(uint reserve0, uint reserve1,) = pair.getReserves();
(uint reserveInput, uint reserveOutput) = input == token0 ? (reserve0, reserve1) : (reserve1, reserve0);
uint256 amountIn = IERC20(input).balanceOf(address(pair)).sub(reserveInput);
amountOut = OrionMultiPoolLibrary.getAmountOutUv2(amountIn, reserveInput, reserveOutput);
} else {
amountOut = amounts[i + 1];
}
(uint256 amount0Out, uint256 amount1Out) = input == token0 ? (uint256(0), amountOut) : (amountOut, uint256(0));
address to = i < path.length - 2 ? OrionMultiPoolLibrary.pairFor(curFactory, output, path[i + 2]) : _to;
pair.swap(amount0Out, amount1Out, to, new bytes(0));
}
}
path序列中的[USDC, ATK, USDT],每两个代币对之间存在一个pair合约,即USDC转到ATK,ATK转到对应的USDT,实现对应的代币兑换,攻击者创建的pair对合约,这里通过相应的计算金融模型,得到对应的转账金额,调用pair合约中的swap函数,实现相应的代币转移。
由于pair对中的swap函数,进行相应的转账,需要调用ATK代币的转账函数,ATK是攻击者部署的恶意代币,攻击者可控,攻击者这里调用自身的deposit()函数,调用ExchangeWithAtomic合约的depositAsset函数,并将闪电贷得到的200多万USDT全部转进Orion Protocol的depositAsset()函数中
这时攻击者在ExchangeWithAtomic 合约中USDT的存款被记账为了200多万,原来ExchangeWithAtomic 合约的余额为200多万,两者数值相近(攻击者设计的)
而通过swapThroughOrionPool
函数中攻击者USDC兑换出多少的USDT最终是通过ExchangeWithAtomic 合约兑换前后的USDT余额计算的,相当于存入的200万USDT被认为是USDC兑换出来的,最后通过creditUserAssets 函数来更新ExchangeWithAtomic 维护的adress-balance的账本,攻击者被认为是存入了200+200万