Pytest系列（14）- 配置文件pytest.ini的详细使用
前言
pytest配置文件可以改变pytest的运行方式，它是一个固定的文件pytest.ini文件，读取配置信息，按指定的方式去运行
非test文件
pytest里面有些文件是非test文件
- pytest.ini：pytest的主配置文件，可以改变pytest的默认行为
- conftest.py：测试用例的一些fixture配置
- _init_.py：识别该文件夹为python的package包
查看pytest.ini的配置选项
cmd执行
pytest --help
找到这部分内容
[pytest] ini-options in the first pytest.ini|tox.ini|setup.cfg file found:
markers (linelist): markers for test functions
empty_parameter_set_mark (string):
default marker for empty parametersets
norecursedirs (args): directory patterns to avoid for recursion
testpaths (args): directories to search for tests when no files or directories are given in the command line.
usefixtures (args): list of default fixtures to be used with this project
python_files (args): glob-style file patterns for Python test module discovery
python_classes (args):
prefixes or glob names for Python test class discovery
python_functions (args):
prefixes or glob names for Python test function and method discovery
disable_test_id_escaping_and_forfeit_all_rights_to_community_support (bool):
disable string escape non-ascii characters, might cause unwanted side effects(use at your own
risk)
console_output_style (string):
console output: "classic", or with additional progress information ("progress" (percentage) |
"count").
xfail_strict (bool): default for the strict parameter of xfail markers when not given explicitly (default: False)
enable_assertion_pass_hook (bool):
Enables the pytest_assertion_pass hook.Make sure to delete any previously generated pyc cache
files.
junit_suite_name (string):
Test suite name for JUnit report
junit_logging (string):
Write captured log messages to JUnit report: one of no|log|system-out|system-err|out-err|all
junit_log_passing_tests (bool):
Capture log information for passing tests to JUnit report:
junit_duration_report (string):
Duration time to report: one of total|call
junit_family (string):
Emit XML for schema: one of legacy|xunit1|xunit2
doctest_optionflags (args):
option flags for doctests
doctest_encoding (string):
encoding used for doctest files
cache_dir (string): cache directory path.
filterwarnings (linelist):
Each line specifies a pattern for warnings.filterwarnings. Processed after -W/--pythonwarnings.
log_print (bool): default value for --no-print-logs
log_level (string): default value for --log-level
log_format (string): default value for --log-format
log_date_format (string):
default value for --log-date-format
log_cli (bool): enable log display during test run (also known as "live logging").
log_cli_level (string):
default value for --log-cli-level
log_cli_format (string):
default value for --log-cli-format
log_cli_date_format (string):
default value for --log-cli-date-format
log_file (string): default value for --log-file
log_file_level (string):
default value for --log-file-level
log_file_format (string):
default value for --log-file-format
log_file_date_format (string):
default value for --log-file-date-format
log_auto_indent (string):
default value for --log-auto-indent
faulthandler_timeout (string):
Dump the traceback of all threads if a test takes more than TIMEOUT seconds to finish. Not
available on Windows.
addopts (args): extra command line options
minversion (string): minimally required pytest version
rsyncdirs (pathlist): list of (relative) paths to be rsynced for remote distributed testing.
rsyncignore (pathlist):
list of (relative) glob-style paths to be ignored for rsyncing.
looponfailroots (pathlist):
directories to check for changes
pytest.ini应该放哪里？
就放在项目根目录下 ，不要乱放，不要乱起其他名字
接下来讲下常用的配置项
marks
作用：测试用例中添加了 @pytest.mark.webtest 装饰器，如果不添加marks选项的话，就会报warnings
格式：list列表类型
写法：
[pytest]
markers =
weibo: this is weibo page
toutiao: toutiao
xinlang: xinlang
xfail_strict
作用：设置xfail_strict = True可以让那些标记为@pytest.mark.xfail但实际通过显示XPASS的测试用例被报告为失败
格式：True 、False（默认），1、0
写法：
[pytest]
# mark标记说明
markers =
weibo: this is weibo page
toutiao: toutiao
xinlang: xinlang
xfail_strict = True
具体代码栗子
未设置 xfail_strict = True 时，测试结果显示XPASS
@pytest.mark.xfail()
def test_case1():
a = "a"
b = "b"
assert a != b
collecting ... collected 1 item
02断言异常.py::test_case1 XPASS [100%]
============================= 1 xpassed in 0.02s ==============================
已设置 xfail_strict = True 时，测试结果显示failed
collecting ... collected 1 item 02断言异常.py::test_case1 FAILED [100%] 02断言异常.py:54 (test_case1) [XPASS(strict)] ================================== FAILURES =================================== _________________________________ test_case1 __________________________________ [XPASS(strict)] =========================== short test summary info =========================== FAILED 02断言异常.py::test_case1 ============================== 1 failed in 0.02s ==============================
addopts
作用：addopts参数可以更改默认命令行选项，这个当我们在cmd输入一堆指令去执行用例的时候，就可以用该参数代替了，省去重复性的敲命令工作
比如：想测试完生成报告，失败重跑两次，一共运行两次，通过分布式去测试，如果在cmd中写的话，命令会很长
pytest -v --rerun=2 --count=2 --html=report.html --self-contained-html -n=auto
每次都这样敲不太现实，addopts就可以完美解决这个问题
[pytest]
# mark
markers =
weibo: this is weibo page
toutiao: toutiao
xinlang: xinlang
xfail_strict = True
# 命令行参数
addopts = -v --reruns=1 --count=2 --html=reports.html --self-contained-html -n=auto
加了addopts之后，我们在cmd中只需要敲pytest就可以生效了！！
log_cli
作用：控制台实时输出日志
格式：log_cli=True 或False（默认），或者log_cli=1 或 0
log_cli=0的运行结果
log_cli=1的运行结果
结论
很明显，加了log_cli=1之后，可以清晰看到哪个package下的哪个module下的哪个测试用例是否passed还是failed；
所以平时测试代码是否有问题的情况下推荐加！！！但如果拿去批量跑测试用例的话不建议加，谁知道会不会影响运行性能呢？
norecursedirs
作用：pytest 收集测试用例时，会递归遍历所有子目录，包括某些你明知道没必要遍历的目录，遇到这种情况，可以使用 norecursedirs 参数简化 pytest 的搜索工作【还是挺有用的！！！】
默认设置： norecursedirs = .* build dist CVS _darcs {arch} *.egg
正确写法：多个路径用空格隔开
[pytest]
norecursedirs = .* build dist CVS _darcs {arch} *.egg venv src resources log report util
更改测试用例收集规则
pytest默认的测试用例收集规则
- 文件名以 test_*.py 文件和 *_test.py
- 以 test_ 开头的函数
- 以 Test 开头的类，不能包含 __init__ 方法
- 以 test_ 开头的类里面的方法
我们是可以修改或者添加这个用例收集规则的；当然啦，是建议在原有的规则上添加的，如下配置
[pytest] python_files = test_* *_test test* python_classes = Test* test* python_functions = test_* test*
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