python期末实训-学生成绩管理系统

python+tkinter+matplotlib学生管理系统

一.需求分析

1. 读取学生成绩的excel表格到数据库中
2. 将学生成绩导出到excel文件中
3. 学生成绩单增删改查与展示
4. 学生成绩按学号搜索和按姓名模糊搜素
5. 展示班级学生的整体成绩情况
6. 导出每位学生的成绩分析图
7. 将程序打包成exe

二.系统设计

1. 将表格数据读取进数据库函数excel_mysql
2. 录入学生信息模块PyMySQLUtils
3. 起始登录页面StartMenu
4. 教师注册页面TeacherRegsiter
5. 教师登录页面TeacherLogin
6. 教师操作页面TeacherMenu
7. 教师可以对学生成绩进行增删改查,对学生的某一列属性进行升序或降序排序
8. 教师可以查看班级的平均分总体情况图表
9. 教师可以导出每个同学的成绩分析

三.程序运行的依赖

import tkinter 	
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import pymysql
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
import tkinter.font as tkFont
import tkinter.messagebox as messagebox
import pandas as pd
import xlwt
from pypinyin import pinyin, Style
import warnings
from PIL import Image,ImageTk
warnings.filterwarnings("ignore",category=DeprecationWarning)

• tkinter负责GUI图形界面
• matplotlib.pyplot负责可视化图形的绘画
• numpy用于创建可视化图形的x轴和y轴标签
• pymysql用于连接数据库
• ttk有高级的列表GUI
• tkinter.font设置字体
• tkinter.messagebox设置提示框
• pandas用于将excel数据读入 不使用xlrd是因为这个库需要指定版本,兼容性差
• xlwt用于将数据写出到excel表格中
• pypinyin可以将汉字转换为拼音，为了按姓名进行排序，默认的排序是按中文的unicode编码进行排序
• warnings让用户有更好的体验,程序使用了一些过时的函数
• Image,ImageTk用于制作界面的图标
• 最后使用了pyinstaller打包 Pyinstaller -F -w -i ic.ico pyMysql.py

四.系统实现

1.从表格中读取数据

def if_exist(pyutils, id):
    sql = "select count(1) from student_score where sid = " + str(id)
    return pyutils.fetchone(sql)
def excel_mysql():
    data = pd.read_excel("student.xls")
    id_dict = {}
    utils = PyMySQLUtils()
    for i in range(data.shape[0]):
        # print(data.loc[i].values.tolist())
        id_dict[data.loc[i].iloc[0]] = data.loc[i].values.tolist()
    for key, val in id_dict.items():
        sid = val[0]
        sname = val[1]
        sdept = val[2]
        Linux = val[3]
        Java = val[4]
        Python = val[5]
        average_score = val[6]
        classmate_score = val[7]
        teacher_score = val[8]
        total_score = val[9]
        if (if_exist(utils, key)[0]):
            utils.execute(
                f"UPDATE student_score SET sname = '{sname}', sdept = '{sdept}', Linux = {Linux}, Java = {Java}, "
                f"Python = {Python}, average_score = {average_score}, classmate_score = {classmate_score}, "
                f"teacher_score = {teacher_score}, total_score = {total_score} WHERE sid = '{sid}'")

        else:
            utils.execute(
                f"INSERT INTO student_score VALUES('{sid}', '{sname}', '{sdept}', {Linux}, {Java}, {Python}, "
                f"{average_score}, {classmate_score}, {teacher_score}, {total_score})")

由于每次运行程序都会从表格中读取数据向数据库插入,为了防止多次插入失败，通过if_exist函数进行判断，不存在进行添加操作,存在进行更新操作

2.列表数据的查询

# 定义储存数据的列表
self.list_sid = []
self.list_sname = []
self.list_sdept = []
self.list_Linux = []
self.list_Java = []
self.list_Python = []
self.list_average_score = []
self.list_classmate_score = []
self.list_teacher_score = []
self.list_total_score = []

# 从数据库获取表格内容
utils = PyMySQLUtils()
results = utils.fetchall("SELECT * FROM student_score")
for row in results:
    self.list_sid.append(row[0])
    self.list_sname.append(row[1])
    self.list_sdept.append(row[2])
    self.list_Linux.append(row[3])
    self.list_Java.append(row[4])
    self.list_Python.append(row[5])
    self.list_average_score.append(row[6])
    self.list_classmate_score.append(row[7])
    self.list_teacher_score.append(row[8])
    self.list_total_score.append(row[9])
utils.close()
  for i in range(min(len(self.list_sid), len(self.list_sname), len(self.list_sdept), len(self.list_Linux),
                           len(self.list_Java), len(self.list_Python), len(self.list_average_score),
                           len(self.list_classmate_score), len(self.list_teacher_score), len(self.list_total_score))):
            self.tree.insert("", i,
                             values=(self.list_sid[i], self.list_sname[i], self.list_sdept[i], self.list_Linux[i],
                                     self.list_Java[i], self.list_Python[i], self.list_average_score[i],
                                     self.list_classmate_score[i], self.list_teacher_score[i],
                                     self.list_total_score[i]))

程序第一次执行时,会对数据库进行查询，将查询到结果放入列表中，然后在对列表中的数据进行遍历，将数据放入到tk的treeview中(也就是tk的表格中)

3.列表数据的增加

def insert(self):
    if messagebox.askyesnocancel("askyesnocancel", "是否该添加学生成绩信息？"):
        sid = self.var_sid.get()
        sname = self.var_sname.get()
        sdept = self.var_sdept.get()
        Linux = round(float(self.var_Linux.get()), 2)
        Java = round(float(self.var_Java.get()), 2)
        Python = round(float(self.var_Python.get()), 2)
        average_score = round(((Linux + Java + Python) / 3), 2)
        classmate_score = round(float(self.var_classmate_score.get()), 2)
        teacher_score = round(float(self.var_teacher_score.get()), 2)
        total_score = round((average_score * 0.7 + classmate_score * 0.1 + teacher_score * 0.2), 2)
        if sid in self.list_sid:
            messagebox.showwarning("showwarning", "该学生成绩信息已存在！")
        else:
            utils = PyMySQLUtils()
            utils.execute(
                f"INSERT INTO student_score VALUES('{sid}', '{sname}', '{sdept}', {Linux}, {Java}, {Python}, "
                f"{average_score}, {classmate_score}, {teacher_score}, {total_score})")
            utils.close()
            self.list_sid.append(sid)
            self.list_sname.append(sname)
            self.list_sdept.append(sdept)
            self.list_Linux.append(Linux)
            self.list_Java.append(Java)
            self.list_Python.append(Python)
            self.list_average_score.append(average_score)
            self.list_classmate_score.append(classmate_score)
            self.list_teacher_score.append(teacher_score)
            self.list_total_score.append(total_score)
            self.tree.insert('', 'end', values=(sid, sname, sdept, Linux, Java, Python, average_score,
                                                classmate_score, teacher_score, total_score))
            self.tree.update()
            messagebox.showinfo("showinfo", "添加学生成绩信息成功！")

通过输入框获得要添加的数据,判断要添加的学生是否存在,若不存在则对数据库进行update操作,然后对treeview的最后进行添加，将新添加到数据加到tree中

4.列表数据的修改

def update(self):
    if messagebox.askyesnocancel("askyesnocancel", "是否修改该学生成绩信息？"):
        sid = self.var_sid.get()
        sname = self.var_sname.get()
        sdept = self.var_sdept.get()
        Linux = round(float(self.var_Linux.get()), 2)
        Java = round(float(self.var_Java.get()), 2)
        Python = round(float(self.var_Python.get()), 2)
        average_score = round(((Linux + Java + Python) / 3), 2)
        classmate_score = round(float(self.var_classmate_score.get()), 2)
        teacher_score = round(float(self.var_teacher_score.get()), 2)
        total_score = round((average_score * 0.7 + classmate_score * 0.1 + teacher_score * 0.2), 2)
        if sid not in self.list_sid:
            messagebox.showwarning("showwarning", "该学生成绩信息不存在！")
        else:
            utils = PyMySQLUtils()
            utils.execute(
                f"UPDATE student_score SET sname = '{sname}', sdept = '{sdept}', Linux = {Linux}, Java = {Java}, "
                f"Python = {Python}, average_score = {average_score}, classmate_score = {classmate_score}, "
                f"teacher_score = {teacher_score}, total_score = {total_score} WHERE sid = '{sid}'")
            # print(sid)
            sid_index = self.list_sid.index(sid)
            self.list_sname[sid_index] = sname
            self.list_sdept[sid_index] = sdept
            self.list_Linux[sid_index] = Linux
            self.list_Java[sid_index] = Java
            self.list_Python[sid_index] = Python
            self.list_average_score[sid_index] = average_score
            self.list_classmate_score[sid_index] = classmate_score
            self.list_teacher_score[sid_index] = teacher_score
            self.list_total_score[sid_index] = total_score
            self.tree.item(self.tree.get_children()[sid_index], values=(
                sid, sname, sdept, Linux, Java, Python, average_score, classmate_score, teacher_score,
                total_score))
            messagebox.showinfo("showinfo", "修改学生成绩信息成功！")

通过输入框获得学生的信息后，先判断学生是否存在，若存在则对数据库进行修改，然后查看这个id在id_list的第几个位置,因为id在id_list的位下标ndex一定是等于列表数据在tree中的index,通过index就可以实现tree的更新

5.列表数据的删除

def delete(self):
    if messagebox.askyesnocancel("askyesnocancel", "是否删除该学生成绩信息？"):
        sid = self.var_sid.get()
        if sid not in self.list_sid:
            messagebox.showwarning("showwarning", "该学生成绩信息不存在！")
        else:
            utils = PyMySQLUtils()
            utils.execute(f"DELETE FROM student_score WHERE sid = '{sid}'")
            utils.close()
            sid_index = self.list_sid.index(sid)
            del self.list_sid[sid_index]
            del self.list_sname[sid_index]
            del self.list_sdept[sid_index]
            del self.list_Linux[sid_index]
            del self.list_Java[sid_index]
            del self.list_Python[sid_index]
            del self.list_average_score[sid_index]
            del self.list_classmate_score[sid_index]
            del self.list_teacher_score[sid_index]
            del self.list_total_score[sid_index]
            self.tree.delete(self.tree.get_children()[sid_index])
            messagebox.showinfo("showinfo", "删除学生成绩信息成功！")

和修改一样，通过index连接tree和数据库中数据的关系

6.单击选中功能

def tree_click(self, event):
    row = self.tree.identify_row(event.y)
    row_info = self.tree.item(row, 'values')
    if (len(row) == 0):
        return
    self.var_sid.set(row_info[0])
    self.var_sname.set(row_info[1])
    self.var_sdept.set(row_info[2])
    self.var_Linux.set(row_info[3])
    self.var_Java.set(row_info[4])
    self.var_Python.set(row_info[5])
    self.var_classmate_score.set(row_info[7])
    self.var_teacher_score.set(row_info[8])

如果列表的哪一行被点击,那么就会给下方的输入框挨个赋值，实现单机选中

7.搜索框功能

一共两个搜索功能,一个是按照学号精确查询一个是按照姓名模糊查询

精准查询是在学号一栏输入学号，然后单击查询学生成绩,程序会执行回调函数进行查询

def select(self):
    if messagebox.askyesnocancel("askyesnocancel", "是否查询该学生成绩信息？"):
        sid = self.var_sid.get()
        if sid not in self.list_sid:
            messagebox.showwarning("showwarning", "该学生成绩信息不存在！")
        else:
            sid_index = self.list_sid.index(sid)
            self.var_sname.set(self.list_sname[sid_index])
            self.var_sdept.set(self.list_sdept[sid_index])
            self.var_Linux.set(self.list_Linux[sid_index])
            self.var_Java.set(self.list_Java[sid_index])
            self.var_Python.set(self.list_Python[sid_index])
            self.var_classmate_score.set(self.list_Python[sid_index])
            self.var_teacher_score.set(self.list_teacher_score[sid_index])
            messagebox.showinfo("showinfo", "查询学生成绩信息成功！")

获得id在数组中的下标，然后通过下标为输入框赋值

模糊查询

def find(self, x):
    # print(x)
    utils = PyMySQLUtils()
    # print("3self.key_name="+self.key_name)
    results = utils.fetchall("SELECT * FROM student_score where sname like " + "'%" + self.var_find.get() + "%'")
    # print(results)
    for i in range(min(len(self.list_sid), len(self.list_sname), len(self.list_sdept), len(self.list_Linux),
                       len(self.list_Java), len(self.list_Python), len(self.list_average_score),
                       len(self.list_classmate_score), len(self.list_teacher_score), len(self.list_total_score))):
        sid_index = min(len(self.list_sid), len(self.list_sname), len(self.list_sdept), len(self.list_Linux),
                        len(self.list_Java), len(self.list_Python), len(self.list_average_score),
                        len(self.list_classmate_score), len(self.list_teacher_score),
                        len(self.list_total_score)) - 1
        del self.list_sid[sid_index]
        del self.list_sname[sid_index]
        del self.list_sdept[sid_index]
        del self.list_Linux[sid_index]
        del self.list_Java[sid_index]
        del self.list_Python[sid_index]
        del self.list_average_score[sid_index]
        del self.list_classmate_score[sid_index]
        del self.list_teacher_score[sid_index]
        del self.list_total_score[sid_index]
        # print(sid_index)
        self.tree.delete(self.tree.get_children()[sid_index])
    for row in results:
        self.list_sid.append(row[0])
        self.list_sname.append(row[1])
        self.list_sdept.append(row[2])
        self.list_Linux.append(row[3])
        self.list_Java.append(row[4])
        self.list_Python.append(row[5])
        self.list_average_score.append(row[6])
        self.list_classmate_score.append(row[7])
        self.list_teacher_score.append(row[8])
        self.list_total_score.append(row[9])
    utils.close()
    # print("3self.key_name=" + self.key_name)
    # 设置表格内容
    self.flush()

在搜索框中输入内容后回车确定，自动查找符合条件的对象并进行展示。之前的查询都是使用程序运行时的列表进行操作，但是因为这个功能要按条件搜索，所以要对列表重新赋值并展示

8.使列表的每行数据按顺序排列

按学号

按分数

def tree_sort_column(self, tv, col, reverse):
    flag=True
    l = [(tv.set(k, col), k) for k in tv.get_children('')]
    # print(l)
    for i in l:
        # print(i[0])
        if not self.is_chinese(i[0]):
            flag = False
    if flag:
        # print("chuchuchuchuchu")
        l.sort(key=lambda keys: [pinyin(i, style=Style.TONE3) for i in keys], reverse=reverse)
    else:
        l.sort(reverse=reverse)


    for index, (val, k) in enumerate(l):
        # 根据排序后索引移动
        tv.move(k, '', index)
    # 重写标题，使之成为再点倒序的标题
    tv.heading(col, command=lambda: self.tree_sort_column(tv, col, not reverse))

汉字的排序需要使用汉字转拼音库，然后在进行排序

9.班级的成绩分析图表

def analyse(self):
    a = 0  # 90分以上数量
    b = 0  # 80-90分以上数量
    c = 0  # 70-80分以上数量
    d = 0  # 60-70分以上数量
    e = 0  # 60分以下数量
    utils=PyMySQLUtils()

    score=utils.fetchall("select average_score from student_score")
    score_max = 0
    score_min = 100
    score_avg = 0
    score_sum = 0
    score = np.array(score)  # 获得分数数据集
    student_no = np.array(utils.fetchall("select sid from student_score"))  # 获得学号数据集
    mean = score.mean()  # 获得分数数据集的平均值
    std = score.std()  # 获得分数数据集的标准差

    # 计算分数总和、各分数区间数量统计
    for i in range(0, len(score)):
        score0 = int(score[i])

        # print(student_no[i],score0)
        score_sum = score_sum + score0  # 计算分数之和，为求平均数做准备

        # 计算最大值
        if score0 > score_max:
            score_max = score0

        # 计算最小值
        if score0 < score_min:
            score_min = score0

        if score0 >= 90:  # 统计90分以上数量
            a = a + 1
        elif score0 >= 80:  # 统计80分以上数量
            b = b + 1
        elif score0 >= 70:  # 统计70分以上数量
            c = c + 1
        elif score0 >= 60:  # 统计60分以上数量
            d = d + 1
        else:  # 统计60分以下数量
            e = e + 1

    score_avg = score_sum / len(score)  # 平均分
    scores = [a, b, c, d, e]  # 分数区间统计

    # 柱形图柱形的宽度
    bar_width = 0.3

    # 设定X轴：前两个数字是x轴的起止范围，第三个数字表示步长，步长设定得越小，画出来的正态分布曲线越平滑
    x = np.arange(0, 100, 1)

    # 设定Y轴，正态分布函数
    y = self.normfun(x, mean, std)

    # 设定柱状图x轴、Y轴数组
    x3 = np.arange(3)
    y3 = np.array([score_avg, score_max, score_min])

    plt.subplot(321)
    plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
    plt.title('分数分布(5档)')
    plt.plot(x, y)
    plt.hist(score, bins=5, rwidth=0.9, density=True)
    plt.xlabel('分数')
    plt.ylabel('概率')

    # 绘制分数数据集的正态分布曲线和直方图（10分档）
    plt.subplot(322)
    plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
    plt.title('分数分布(10档)')
    plt.plot(x, y)
    plt.hist(score, bins=10, rwidth=0.9, density=True)
    plt.xlabel('分数')
    plt.ylabel('概论')

    # 绘制柱形图
    plt.subplot(325)
    plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
    plt.title('分数统计')
    plt.bar(x3, y3, tick_label=['平均分', '最高分', '最低分'], width=bar_width)

    # 绘制饼状图
    plt.subplot(326)
    plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
    plt.title('分数段饼图')
    plt.pie(scores, labels=['90分以上', '80-90分', '70-80分', '60-70分', '60分以下'])
    # 输出四幅图

    plt.savefig('analyse.png')
    # 解决覆盖bug
    plt.close()
    win = Toplevel()
    win.iconbitmap('analyseico.ico')
    # win.wm_iconbitmap('analyseico.ico')
    image = Image.open('analyse.png')
    img1 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image)
    a = Label(win, image=img1).pack()
    win.mainloop()

统计班级的平均分情况，绘制四张图片并展示到Toplevel中,并设置图标。

10.导出每个学生的成绩分析图表

方便每位同学直到自己和平均分的差距

展示了四科比较关键的课和平均分

def get_avg(self)->list:
    utils=PyMySQLUtils()
    linux_sum=utils.fetchone("select SUM(LINUX) FROM student_score ")
    # print(linux_sum)
    java_sum=utils.fetchone("select SUM(JAVA) FROM student_score ")
    python_avg=utils.fetchone("select SUM(python) FROM student_score ")
    avg_avg=utils.fetchone("select SUM(AVERAGE_SCORE) FROM student_score ")
    total_avg=utils.fetchone("select SUM(TOTAL_SCORE) FROM student_score ")
    size=utils.fetchone("select count(1) FROM student_score ")
    utils.close()
    return [linux_sum[0]/size[0],java_sum[0]/size[0],python_avg[0]/size[0],avg_avg[0]/size[0],total_avg[0]/size[0]]

def analyse_stu(self):
    utils=PyMySQLUtils()
    avg_score=self.get_avg()
    plt.rcParams["font.sans-serif"] = ["SimHei"]  # 设置字体
    plt.rcParams["axes.unicode_minus"] = False  # 正常显示负号
    for i in range(len(self.list_sid)):
        stu_score=utils.fetchone("select linux,java,python,average_score,total_score fROm student_score where sid="+self.list_sid[i])

        labels = ['Linux', 'Java', 'Python', 'Average', 'total']


        x = np.arange(len(labels))  # the label locations
        width = 0.35  # the width of the bars

        fig, ax = plt.subplots()
        rects1 = ax.bar(x - width / 2, stu_score, width, label='学生成绩')
        rects2 = ax.bar(x + width / 2, avg_score, width, label='平均成绩')

        # Add some text for labels, title and custom x-axis tick labels, etc.
        ax.set_ylabel('Scores')

        ax.set_title(self.list_sname[i] + "成绩分析")
        ax.set_xticks(x)
        ax.set_xticklabels(labels)
        ax.legend()
        plt.ylim((0, 100))
        # plt.show()
        plt.savefig("./img/{}.png".format(str(self.list_sid[i])+self.list_sname[i]))
        plt.close()

    messagebox.showinfo("showinfo", "成功导出所有学生成绩分析表")

获得平均分和每个学生的单独成绩，组合成每人独特的图表，便于观察

11.程序的打包

推荐使用anaconda新建一个打包环境，会减少占用的内存

用我之前使用过的打包环境

• activate -name(虚拟环境名字)（进入到该虚拟环境中）

切换盘符到要打包的目录下,要先到根目录才行，直接cd无响应

输入 Pyinstaller -F -w -i ic.ico pyMysql.py

最后在目录下有个dist文件夹，里面就是打包好的exe文件

5程序注意事项

直接打开exe可能会报错

可能是文件的结构出现了问题，可执行文件同级目录必须同时存在

1. 学生的成绩表
2. 软件的图标文件，文件分析的tu’b
3. img文件夹 用于学生成绩分析图的导出