K8S搭建单Master集群(二进制部署方式)
一. 安装要求
（1）多台服务器，操作系统 CentOS7.6-86_x64
（2）硬件配置：2GB或更多RAM，2个CPU或更多CPU，硬盘40GB或更多
（3）可以访问外网，需要拉取镜像，如果服务器不能上网，需要提前下载镜像并导入节点
（4）集群中所有机器之间网络互通
（5）禁止swap分区
二. 准备环境(集群三台全部关闭)
| 主机名 | IP地址 |
|---|---|
| master1 | 192.168.199.131 |
| node3 | 192.168.199.132 |
| node4 | 192.168.199.133 |
1.关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
2. 关闭selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config # 永久
setenforce 0 # 临时
3. 关闭swap
swapoff -a # 临时
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab # 永久
4. 设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master1
三、开始部署
3.1 在master添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.199.131 master1
192.168.199.132 node3
192.168.199.133 node4
EOF
3.2 将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system # 生效
3.3 时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com
四、部署ETCD集群
Etcd 是一个分布式键值存储系统，Kubernetes 使用 Etcd 进行数据存储，所以先准备一个 Etcd 数据库，为解决 Etcd 单点故障，应采用集群方式部署，这里使用 3 台建立集群，可以坏一台，5台集群可以坏两台。
| 主机名 | IP地址 |
|---|---|
| etcd-1 | 192.168.199.131 |
| etcd-2 | 192.168.199.132 |
| etcd-3 | 192.168.199.133 |
4.1 准备cfssl证书生成工具
cfssl 是一个开源的证书管理工具，使用 json 文件生成证书，相比 openssl 更方便使用。可以用 Master 节点
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo
4.2 生成etcd证书
(1）自签证书颁发机构（CA）
创建工作目录：
mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s}
cd TLS/etcd
4.2.1自签 CA：
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"www": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "etcd CA",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing"
}
]
}
EOF
4.2.2生成证书：
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
ls *pem
ca-key.pem ca.pem
（2）使用自签 CA 签发 Etcd HTTPS 证书
创建证书申请文件
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "etcd",
"hosts": [
"192.168.199.130",
"192.168.199.131",
"192.168.199.132",
"192.168.199.133",
"192.168.199.134",
"192.168.199.135"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing"
}
]
}
EOF
注： hosts 字段中 IP 为所有 etcd 节点的集群内部通信 IP，一个都不能少！为了方便后期扩容，可以多写几个预留的 IP。
生成证书：
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
ls server*pem
server-key.pem server.pem
4.3 etcd集群部署从 Github 下载二进制文件
ETCD下载地址：https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
4.3.1 创建工作目录并解压二进制包
mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} –p
tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin
4.3.2 创建 etcd 配置文件
cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.199.131:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.199.131:2379"
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.199.131:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.199.131:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.199.131:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.199.132:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.199.133:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
EOF
注释：
ETCD_NAME：节点名称，集群中唯一
ETCD_DATA_DIR：数据目录
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS：集群通信监听地址
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS：客户端访问监听地址
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS：集群通告地址
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS：客户端通告地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER：集群节点地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN：集群 Token
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE：加入集群的当前状态，new 是新集群，existing 表示加入已有集群
4.3.3 systemd 管理 etcd
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--logger=zap
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
4.3.4 拷贝之前生成的证书放到etcd/ssl/文件夹
cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd
4.3.5 将master主节点etct文件夹和etcd.service 拷贝到node1、node2
scp -r /opt/etcd/ [email protected]:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
scp -r /opt/etcd/ [email protected]:/opt/
scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
4.3.6 启动并设置开机启动（从节点需要先启动，主节点才能启动）
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start etcd
systemctl enable etcd
分别node1、node2修改 etcd.conf 配置文件中的节点名称和当前服务 IP：
vi /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd-2" # 修改此处，节点 2 改为 etcd-2，节点 3 改为 etcd-3
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.199.132:2380" # 修改此处为当前服务器 IP
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.199.132:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器 IP
#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.199.132:2380" # 修改此处为当前
服务器 IP
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.199.132:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器
IP
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.192.131:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.199.132:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.199.133:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
4.3.7 查看集群状态
ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.199.131:2379,https://192.168.199.132:2379,https://192.168.199.133:2379" endpoint health
5. 安装docker 环境
5.1 二进制部署方式
https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-19.03.9.tgz
tar zxvf docker-19.03.9.tgz
mv docker/* /usr/bin
5.2 systemd管理docker
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
5.3 创建配置文件
mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
registry-mirrors 阿里云镜像加速器
5.4 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
六、部署Master (master节点)
6.1 生成 kube-apiserver 证书
6.1.1 自签证书颁发机构（CA）
cat > ca-config.json << EOF
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
EOF
cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
6.1.2 生成证书：
cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
ls *pem
ca-key.pem ca.pem
6.1.3 使用自签CA签发kube-apiserver HTTPS证书
6.1.3.1创建证书申请文件：
cd TLS/k8s
cat > server-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"10.0.0.1",
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.199.130",
"192.168.199.131",
"192.168.199.132",
"192.168.199.133",
"192.168.199.134",
"192.168.199.135",
"192.168.199.136",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
6.1.3.2生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
ls server*pem
server-key.pem server.pem
6.1.4 从github上下载k8s安装包
https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.18.md#v1183
注：打开链接你会发现里面有很多包，下载一个server包就够了，包含了Master和Worker Node二进制文件。
6.1.5 解压二进制包并复制
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd kubernetes/server/bin
cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin
cp kubectl /usr/bin/
**6.1.6 部署kube-apiserver
6.1.6.1 创建配置文件 **
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.199.130:2379,https://192.168.199.131:2379,https://192.168.199.133:2379 \\
--bind-address=192.168.199.130 \\
--secure-port=6443 \\
--advertise-address=192.168.199.130 \\
--allow-privileged=true \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--enable-admissionplugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \\
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
--service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
--kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \\
--audit-log-maxage=30 \\
--audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
--audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
--audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
EOF
注：上面两个\ \ 第一个是转义符，第二个是换行符，使用转义符是为了使用EOF 保留换行符。
–logtostderr：启用日志
—v：日志等级
–log-dir：日志目录
–etcd-servers：etcd 集群地址
–bind-address：监听地址
–secure-port：https 安全端口
–advertise-address：集群通告地址
–allow-privileged：启用授权
–service-cluster-ip-range：Service 虚拟 IP 地址段
–enable-admission-plugins：准入控制模块
–authorization-mode：认证授权，启用 RBAC 授权和节点自管理
–enable-bootstrap-token-auth：启用 TLS bootstrap 机制
–token-auth-file：bootstrap token 文件
–service-node-port-range：Service nodeport 类型默认分配端口范围
–kubelet-client-xxx：apiserver 访问 kubelet 客户端证书
–tls-xxx-file：apiserver https 证书
–etcd-xxxfile：连接 Etcd 集群证书
–audit-log-xxx：审计日志
6.1.7 拷贝刚才生成的证书
把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径：
cp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
6.1.8 启用 TLS Bootstrapping 机制
TLS Bootstraping：Master apiserver 启用 TLS 认证后，Node 节点 kubelet 和 kube- proxy 要与 kube-apiserver 进行通信，必须使用 CA 签发的有效证书才可以，当 Node节点很多时，这种客户端证书颁发需要大量工作，同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。为了简化流程，Kubernetes 引入了 TLS bootstraping 机制来自动颁发客户端证书，kubelet会以一个低权限用户自动向 apiserver 申请证书，kubelet 的证书由 apiserver 动态签署。所以强烈建议在 Node 上使用这种方式，目前主要用于 kubelet，kube-proxy 还是由我们统一颁发一个证书。TLS bootstraping 工作流程：
6.1.9 创建上述配置文件中 token 文件：
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF
c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:nodebootstrapper"
EOF
格式：token，用户名，UID，用户组 token 也可自行生成替换命令：
head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' ' 4. systemd 管理 apiserver
6.1.10 systemd管理apiserver
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
6.1.11 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-apiserver
systemctl enable kube-apiserver
6.1.12. 授权 kubelet-bootstrap 用户允许请求证书(如果不请求，kubelet服务无法启动)
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap
6.2、部署kube-controller-manager
6.2.1 创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--leader-elect=true \\
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \\
--bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
--allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
--cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
--experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
EOF
–master：通过本地非安全本地端口 8080 连接 apiserver。
–leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）
–cluster-signing-cert-file/–cluster-signing-key-file：自动为 kubelet 颁发证书的 CA，与 apiserver 保持一致
6.2.2 systemd 管理 controller-manager
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF [Unit] Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes [Service] EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS Restart=on-failure [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF
6.2.3 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-controller-manager
systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
6.3 部署 kube-scheduler
6.3.1创建配置文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
--v=2 \
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
--leader-elect \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--bind-address=127.0.0.1"
EOF
–master：通过本地非安全本地端口 8080 连接 apiserver。
–leader-elect：当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）
6.3.2. systemd 管理 scheduler
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
6.3.3 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-scheduler
systemctl enable kube-scheduler
6.3.4 查看集群状态
6.3.4.1 生成kubectl连接集群的证书：
cat > admin-csr.json <6.3.4.2 生成kubeconfig文件：
mkdir /root/.kube
KUBE_CONFIG="/root/.kube/config"
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.199.130:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-credentials cluster-admin \
--client-certificate=./admin.pem \
--client-key=./admin-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=cluster-admin \
--kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=${KUBE_CONFIG}
6.3.4.3 所有组件启动成功，通过 kubectl 工具查看当前集群组件状态：
kubectl get cs
如上输出说明 Master 节点组件运行正常。
七、部署 Worker Node
7.1 创建工作目录并拷贝二进制文件
7.1.1 在node1，node2 创建工作目录：
mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs}
7.1.2从 master 节点拷贝文件到node1，node2：
scp kubelet kube-proxy [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
scp kubelet kube-proxy [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/bin/
7.2 部署 kubelet
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--hostname-override=k8s-node1 \\
--network-plugin=cni \\
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
--pod-infra-container-image=lizhenliang/pause-amd64:3.0"
EOF
–hostname-override：显示名称，集群中唯一
–network-plugin：启用 CNI –kubeconfig：空路径，会自动生成，后面用于连接 apiserver –bootstrap-kubeconfig：首次启动向 apiserver 申请证书
–config：配置参数文件
–cert-dir：kubelet 证书生成目录
–pod-infra-container-image：管理 Pod 网络容器的镜像
7.4. 配置参数文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 0.0.0.0
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS:
- 10.0.0.2
clusterDomain: cluster.local
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
anonymous:
enabled: false
webhook:
cacheTTL: 2m0s
enabled: true
x509:
clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
authorization:
mode: Webhook
webhook:
cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
evictionHard:
imagefs.available: 15%
memory.available: 100Mi
nodefs.available: 10%
nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
maxOpenFiles: 1000000
maxPods: 110
EOF
7.5 生成 bootstrap.kubeconfig 文件(master节点生成)
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.199.130:6443" # apiserver IP:PORT
TOKEN="c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940" # 与 token.csv 里保持一致
生成 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置文件
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
--token=${TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user="kubelet-bootstrap" \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
7.6 拷贝到配置文件路径(node1、node2)
scp bootstrap.kubeconfig root:192.168.199.131:/opt/kubernetes/cfg
7.7 systemd 管理 kubelet
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
7.8 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
7.9 批准 kubelet 证书申请并加入集群
7.9.1查看 kubelet 证书请求
kubectl get csr
7.9.2 批准申请
kubectl certificate approve node-csr-uCEGPOIiDdlLODKts8J658HrFq9CZK6M4G7bjhk8A
7.9.3 查看节点
kubectl get node
注：由于网络插件还没有部署，节点会没有准备就绪 NotReady
7.10 部署 kube-proxy(两个节点都配置)
7.10.1 创建参数文件
at > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
--v=2 \\
--log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
EOF
7.10.2 配置参数文件
cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
clientConnection:
kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
hostnameOverride: k8s-node1
clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
EOF
7.11 生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件（master节点）
7.11.1 生成kube-proxy证书
切换工作目录
cd TLS/k8s
7.11.2 创建证书请求文件
cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << EOF
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
EOF
#生成证书
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
ls kube-proxy*pem
kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pem
7.11.3 生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件
KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.199.130:6443"
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
拷贝到配置文件指定路径：
scp kube-proxy.kubeconfig [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
scp kube-proxy.kubeconfig [email protected]/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
7.11.4 systemd 管理 kube-proxy
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
7.11.5 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy
八 部署 CNI 网络
8.1 先准备好 CNI 二进制文件：
下载地址：
https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.8.6/cni- plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz
8.2 解压二进制包并移动到默认工作目录：
mkdir /opt/cni/bin
tar zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin
8.3 部署 CNI 网络：
8.3.1、准备好CNI二进制文件：
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kubeflannel.yml
sed -i -r "s#quay.io/coreos/flannel:.*-amd64#lizhenliang/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64#g" kube-flannel.yml
8.3.2 默认镜像地址无法访问，修改为 docker hub 镜像仓库。
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
kubectl get node
部署好网络插件，Node 准备就绪。
8.3.3 授权 apiserver 访问 kubelet
cat > apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml<< EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
annotations:
rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
labels:
kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
rules:
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/proxy
- nodes/stats
- nodes/log
- nodes/spec
- nodes/metrics
- pods/log
verbs:
- "*"
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: system:kube-apiserver
namespace: ""
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
subjects:
- apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: User
name: kubernetes
EOF
kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml
8.3.4 新增加 Worker Node
8.3.4.1 拷贝已部署好的 Node 相关文件到新节点
在 master 节点将 Worker Node 涉及文件拷贝到新节点 192.168.199.131/132
scp -r /opt/kubernetes [email protected]:/opt/
scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service [email protected]:/usr/lib/systemd/system
scp -r /opt/cni/ [email protected]:/opt/
scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem [email protected]:/opt/kubernetes/ssl
8.3.4.2 删除 kubelet 证书和 kubeconfig 文件
rm /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig
rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*
注：文件是证书申请审批后自动生成的，每个 Node 不同，必须删除重新生成。
8.3.4.3 . 修改主机名
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
--hostname-override=k8s-node1
vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
hostnameOverride: k8s-node1
8.3.4.4. 启动并设置开机启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet
systemctl start kube-proxy
systemctl enable kube-proxy
8.3.4.5 在 Master 上批准新 Node kubelet 证书申请
kubectl get csr
查看 Node 状态
Kubectl get node
部署CNI网络插件
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
默认镜像地址无法访问，sed命令修改为docker hub镜像仓库。
如果无法访问，在/etc/hosts文件增加解析
199.232.68.133 raw.githubusercontent.com
199.232.68.133 user-images.githubusercontent.com
199.232.68.133 avatars2.githubusercontent.com
199.232.68.133 avatars1.githubusercontent.com
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-2pc95 1/1 Running 0 72s
九. 测试kubernetes集群
在Kubernetes集群中创建一个pod，验证是否正常运行：
kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
kubectl get pod,svc
访问地址：http://NodeIP:Port (node1、node2都可访问)
