C#上位机开发串口通信

一、创建一个Winform窗体,制作一个5s定时器

C#上位机开发串口通信_第1张图片

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace 计时器
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        int count;
        int time;

        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void label1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            
        }

        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            for (int i = 1; i < 6; i++)
            {
                comboBox1.Items.Add(i.ToString() + " 秒");
            }
            label3.Text = "";
        }

        //定时器事件
        private void timer1_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            count++;//记当前秒
            label3.Text = (time - count).ToString() + " 秒";//显示剩余时间
            progressBar1.Value = count;//设置进度条进度
            if(count==time)
            {
                timer1.Stop();//时间到,停止计时
                System.Media.SystemSounds.Asterisk.Play();//提示音
                MessageBox.Show("时间到!");//弹出提示框
            }
        }

        //按钮 开始计时事件
        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string str=comboBox1.Text;//将下拉框内容添加到一个变量中
            time = Convert.ToInt32(str.Substring(0,2));//得到设定定时值(整形)
            progressBar1.Maximum = time;//进度条最大数值
            timer1.Start();//开始计时
        }
    }
}

运行结果如下:

C#上位机开发串口通信_第2张图片

二、串口发数据

C#上位机开发串口通信_第3张图片

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace 串口发数据
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void label1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {

        }

        //窗口创建初始化函数
        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            string str;//用来临时存储大写的十六进制格式字符串
            for(int i=0;i<256;i++)
            {
                //ToString("x")写法的目的:是为了将数字转换为16进制字符串,ToUpper是将字符串所有字符大写
                str = i.ToString("x").ToUpper();
                //comboBox1.Items.Add("0x"+(str.Length==1?"0"+str:str));
                //如果是一位的(0xA),此时为了对齐,在数据前加一个字符"0"(0x0a)
                if (str.Length == 1)
                    str = "0" + str;
                comboBox1.Items.Add("0x" + str);//统一添加"0x"
            }
            comboBox1.Text = "0X00";//初始值
        }

        //按键单击事件
        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //存储当前下拉框的内容
            string data = comboBox1.Text;
            //把字符分开
            string convertdata = data.Substring(2, 2);
            //数据一个字节就够用了
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1];
            //将字符串转化为byte型变量(byte相当于单片机中unsigned )
            buffer[0] = Convert.ToByte(convertdata, 16);
            try 
            {
                serialPort1.Open();
                serialPort1.Write(buffer, 0, 1);
                serialPort1.Close();
            }
            catch
            {
                //如果是写数据时出错,此时窗口状态为开,就应关闭串口,防止下次不能使用,串口是不能重复打开和关闭的。
                if (serialPort1.IsOpen)
                    serialPort1.Close();
                MessageBox.Show("端口错误", "错误");
            }
        }
    }
}

 运行结果为:

C#上位机开发串口通信_第4张图片

三、C#上位机开发串口通信_第5张图片

using System;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace 开发串口助手
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false;
        }

        private void radioButton2_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {

        }

        private void label5_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {

        }

        //打开端口
        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                serialPort1.PortName = comboBox1.Text;
                serialPort1.BaudRate = Convert.ToInt32(comboBox2.Text,10);//十进制数据转换
                serialPort1.Open();
                button1.Enabled = false;//按钮“打开串口”不可用
                button2.Enabled = true;//按钮“关闭串口”
            }
            catch
            {
                MessageBox.Show("端口错误,请检查串口", "错误");
            }
        }

        private void radioButton3_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {

        }

        //初始化
        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            for(int i=1;i<20;i++)
            {
                comboBox1.Items.Add("COM" + i.ToString());
            }
            comboBox1.Text = "COM1";//串口号默认值
            comboBox2.Text = "4800";//波特率默认值
            //需要手动添加串口的事件处理
            serialPort1.DataReceived +=new SerialDataReceivedEventHandler(port_DataReceived);
        }

        //串口数据接收事件
        private void port_DataReceived(object sender,SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e)
        {
            //如果接收模式为字符模式
            if(!radioButton3.Checked)
            {
                string str = serialPort1.ReadExisting();//字符串方式读
                textBox1.AppendText(str);//添加内容
            }
            else//如果接收模式为数值模式
            {
                byte data;
                data = (byte)serialPort1.ReadByte();//强制类型转换,将int类型数据转换为byte类型数据
                string str = Convert.ToString(data, 16).ToUpper();//转换为大写十六进制字符串
                textBox1.AppendText("0x" + (str.Length == 1 ? "0" + str : str) + " ");//空位补"0"
            }
        }

        //关闭端口
        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                serialPort1.Close();//关闭串口
                button1.Enabled = true;//按钮“打开串口” 可用
                button2.Enabled = false;//按钮“关闭串口” 不可用
            }
            catch(Exception err)//一般情况下关闭串口不会出错,所以不需要加处理程序
            {

            }
        }

        //发送
        private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            byte[] Data = new byte[1];
            //判断串口是否打开
            if(serialPort1.IsOpen)
            {
                if(textBox2.Text!="")
                {
                    //如果发送模式是字符模式
                    if (!radioButton1.Checked)
                    {
                        try
                        {
                            serialPort1.WriteLine(textBox2.Text);//写数据
                        }
                        catch (Exception err)
                        {
                            MessageBox.Show("串口数据写入错误", "错误");
                            serialPort1.Close();
                            button1.Enabled = true;//打开串口按钮可用
                            button2.Enabled = false;//关闭串口按钮不可用
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        //取余运算作用:防止用户输入的字符为奇数个。
                        for(int i=0;i<(textBox2.Text.Length-textBox2.Text.Length%2)/2;i++)
                        {
                            Data[0] = Convert.ToByte(textBox2.Text.Substring(i * 2, 2), 16);
                            serialPort1.Write(Data, 0, 1);//循环发送(如果输入字符为0A0BB,则只发送0A,0B)
                        }
                        //剩下一位单独处理
                        if(textBox2.Text.Length%2!=0)
                        {
                            //单独发送B(0B)
                            Data[0] = Convert.ToByte(textBox2.Text.Substring(textBox2.Text.Length - textBox2.Text.Length%2,textBox2.Text.Length%2),16);
                            serialPort1.Write(Data, 0, 1);//发送
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        //文本控件内容改变事件
        private void textBox1_TextChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            textBox1.ScrollToCaret();//将滚动条调至最下
        }
    }
}

串口连接后,运行结果为:

四、串口控制

C#上位机开发串口通信_第6张图片

/*串口控制下位机开关*/
using System;
using System.Drawing;
using System.IO.Ports;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace 串口控制
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        //设备1
        const byte DeviceOpen1 = 0x01;
        const byte DeviceClose1 = 0x81;
        //设备2
        const byte DeviceOpen2 = 0x02;
        const byte DeviceClose2 = 0x82;
        //设备3
        const byte DeviceOpen3 = 0x03;
        const byte DeviceClose3 = 0x83;
        //SerialPort Write Buffer
        byte[] SerialPortDataBuffer = new byte[1];

        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        //打开串口
        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if(serialPort1.IsOpen)
            {
                try
                {
                    serialPort1.Close();
                }
                catch { }
                ovalShape1.FillColor = Color.Gray;
                button2.Text = "打开串口";
            }
            else
            {
                try
                {
                    serialPort1.PortName = comboBox1.Text;//端口号
                    serialPort1.Open();//打开端口
                    ovalShape1.FillColor = Color.Green;
                    button2.Text = "关闭串口";
                }
                catch
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("串口打开失败", "错误");
                }
            }
        }

        //窗体初始化
        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            ovalShape1.FillColor = Color.Gray;
            SearchAndAddSerialToComboBox(serialPort1, comboBox1);
        }

        //设备一开
        private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            WriteByteToSerialPort(DeviceOpen1);
        }

        //设备一关
        private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            WriteByteToSerialPort(DeviceClose1);
        }

        //设备二开
        private void button5_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            WriteByteToSerialPort(DeviceOpen2);
        }

        //设备二关
        private void button6_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            WriteByteToSerialPort(DeviceClose2);
        }

        //设备三开
        private void button7_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            WriteByteToSerialPort(DeviceOpen3);
        }

        //设备三关
        private void button8_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            WriteByteToSerialPort(DeviceClose3);
        }
        
        //扫描并将扫描到的串口添加到下拉列表
        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            SearchAndAddSerialToComboBox(serialPort1, comboBox1);
        }

        //扫描:将可用端口号添加到ComboBox
        private void SearchAndAddSerialToComboBox(SerialPort MyPort, ComboBox MyBox)
        {
            string Buffer;//缓存
            MyBox.Items.Clear();//清空ComboBox内容
            for (int i = 1; i < 20; i++)
            {
                try
                {
                    Buffer = "COM" + i.ToString();
                    MyPort.PortName = Buffer;
                    MyPort.Open();
                    MyBox.Items.Add(Buffer);//添加到下拉列表
                    MyPort.Close();
                }
                catch
                {

                }
            }
        }

        //把数据写入串口
        private void WriteByteToSerialPort(byte data)
        {
            byte[] Buffer = new byte[2] { 0x00, data };
            if (serialPort1.IsOpen)
            {
                try
                {
                    serialPort1.Write(Buffer, 0, 2);//写数据
                }
                catch
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("串口数据发送出错,请检查", "错误");
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

首先打开电脑设备管理器,先查看一下电脑上有几个串口:

C#上位机开发串口通信_第7张图片

运行结果为:

C#上位机开发串口通信_第8张图片

五、图形化按钮设计

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