Azure应用服务用YARP取代了Nginx,获得了80%以上的吞吐量。他们每天处理160B多个请求(1.9 m RPS)。这是微软的一项了不起的技术创新。
首先我们来介绍一下什么是Yarp
YARP(Yet Another Reverse Proxy)是一个开源的、高性能的反向代理库,由Microsoft开发,使用C#语言编写。它旨在作为.NET平台上构建反向代理服务器的基础。YARP主要针对.NET 5及以上版本,允许开发者在.NET应用程序中轻松地实现反向代理的功能。
创建一个WebApi的项目
安装Nuget
包
<ItemGroup>
<PackageReference Include="Yarp.ReverseProxy" Version="2.0.0" />
ItemGroup>
打开appsettings.json
{
"Logging": {
"LogLevel": {
"Default": "Information",
"Microsoft": "Warning",
"Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime": "Information"
}
},
"AllowedHosts": "*",
"ReverseProxy": {
"Routes": {
"route1" : {
"ClusterId": "cluster1",
"Match": {
"Path": "{**catch-all}"
}
}
},
"Clusters": {
"cluster1": {
"Destinations": {
"destination1": {
"Address": "https://cn.bing.com/"
}
}
}
}
}
}
打开Program.cs
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
builder.Services.AddReverseProxy()
.LoadFromConfig(builder.Configuration.GetSection("ReverseProxy"));
var app = builder.Build();
app.MapReverseProxy();
app.Run();
然后启动项目,访问我们的api就会被代理转发到bing
上
下面我们在提供一个在中间件使用yarp的方式
我们需要用到IHttpForwarder
先修改Program.cs
在这里我们注入了HttpForwarder
,然后提供一个Run中间件,在中间件中手动指定了端点的地址https://cn.bing.com/
然后我们启动一下项目。
using Yarp.ReverseProxy.Forwarder;
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
builder.Services.AddHttpForwarder(); // 注入IHttpForwarder
var app = builder.Build();
var httpMessage = new HttpMessageInvoker(new HttpClientHandler());
app.Run((async context =>
{
var httpForwarder = context.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<IHttpForwarder>();
var destinationPrefix = "https://cn.bing.com/";
await httpForwarder.SendAsync(context, destinationPrefix, httpMessage);
}));
app.Run();
也是一样会被代理过去,但是于简单使用不一样的是我们是在代码层面控制代理的。
我们继续基于上面的代理使用进行修改bing的相应内容!
打开Program.cs
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
builder.Services.AddHttpForwarder(); // 注入IHttpForwarder
var app = builder.Build();
var httpMessage = new HttpMessageInvoker(new HttpClientHandler()
{
// 忽略https错误
ServerCertificateCustomValidationCallback = (_, _, _, _) => true,
AllowAutoRedirect = false,
AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.GZip,
UseCookies = false,
UseProxy = false,
UseDefaultCredentials = true,
});
var destinationPrefix = "https://cn.bing.com/";
var bingTransformer = new BingTransformer();
app.Run((async context =>
{
var httpForwarder = context.RequestServices.GetRequiredService<IHttpForwarder>();
await httpForwarder.SendAsync(context, destinationPrefix, httpMessage, new ForwarderRequestConfig(),
bingTransformer);
}));
app.Run();
创建BingTransformer.cs
public class BingTransformer : HttpTransformer
{
public override async ValueTask TransformRequestAsync(HttpContext httpContext, HttpRequestMessage proxyRequest,
string destinationPrefix,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
var uri = RequestUtilities.MakeDestinationAddress(destinationPrefix, httpContext.Request.Path,
httpContext.Request.QueryString);
proxyRequest.RequestUri = uri;
proxyRequest.Headers.Host = uri.Host;
await base.TransformRequestAsync(httpContext, proxyRequest, destinationPrefix, cancellationToken);
}
public override async ValueTask<bool> TransformResponseAsync(HttpContext httpContext,
HttpResponseMessage? proxyResponse,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
await base.TransformResponseAsync(httpContext, proxyResponse, cancellationToken);
if (httpContext.Request.Method == "GET" &&
httpContext.Response.Headers["Content-Type"].Any(x => x.StartsWith("text/html")))
{
var encoding = proxyResponse.Content.Headers.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Key == "Content-Encoding").Value;
if (encoding?.FirstOrDefault() == "gzip")
{
var content = proxyResponse?.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync(cancellationToken).Result;
if (content != null)
{
var result = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(GZipDecompressByte(content));
result = result.Replace("国内版", "Token Bing 搜索 - 国内版");
proxyResponse.Content = new StringContent(GZipDecompressString(result));
}
}
else if (encoding.FirstOrDefault() == "br")
{
var content = proxyResponse?.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync(cancellationToken).Result;
if (content != null)
{
var result = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(BrDecompress(content));
result = result.Replace("国内版", "Token Bing 搜索 - 国内版");
proxyResponse.Content = new ByteArrayContent(BrCompress(result));
}
}
else
{
var content = proxyResponse?.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(cancellationToken).Result;
if (content != null)
{
content = content.Replace("国内版", "Token Bing 搜索 - 国内版");
proxyResponse.Content = new StringContent(content);
}
}
}
return true;
}
///
/// 解压GZip
///
///
///
public static byte[] GZipDecompressByte(byte[] bytes)
{
using var targetStream = new MemoryStream();
using var compressStream = new MemoryStream(bytes);
using var zipStream = new GZipStream(compressStream, CompressionMode.Decompress);
using (var decompressionStream = new GZipStream(compressStream, CompressionMode.Decompress))
{
decompressionStream.CopyTo(targetStream);
}
return targetStream.ToArray();
}
///
/// 解压GZip
///
///
///
public static string GZipDecompressString(string str)
{
using var compressStream = new MemoryStream(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str));
using var zipStream = new GZipStream(compressStream, CompressionMode.Decompress);
using var resultStream = new StreamReader(new MemoryStream(compressStream.ToArray()));
return resultStream.ReadToEnd();
}
///
/// Br压缩
///
///
///
public static byte[] BrCompress(string str)
{
using var outputStream = new MemoryStream();
using (var compressionStream = new BrotliStream(outputStream, CompressionMode.Compress))
{
compressionStream.Write(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str));
}
return outputStream.ToArray();
}
///
/// Br解压
///
///
///
public static byte[] BrDecompress(byte[] input)
{
using (var inputStream = new MemoryStream(input))
using (var outputStream = new MemoryStream())
using (var decompressionStream = new BrotliStream(inputStream, CompressionMode.Decompress))
{
decompressionStream.CopyTo(outputStream);
return outputStream.ToArray();
}
}
}
得到的效果我们将国内版
修改成了Token Bing 搜索 - 国内版
下面我们将Yarp进行AOT尝试,首先打开我们的项目,添加以下参数
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">
<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>net8.0TargetFramework>
<Nullable>enableNullable>
<ImplicitUsings>enableImplicitUsings>
<InvariantGlobalization>trueInvariantGlobalization>
<PublishAot>truePublishAot>
PropertyGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<PackageReference Include="Yarp.ReverseProxy" Version="2.0.0" />
ItemGroup>
Project>
AOT以后的大小15MB
,
优化AOT大小,添加以下参数
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">
<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>net8.0TargetFramework>
<Nullable>enableNullable>
<ImplicitUsings>enableImplicitUsings>
<InvariantGlobalization>trueInvariantGlobalization>
<PublishAot>truePublishAot>
<StackTraceSupport>falseStackTraceSupport>
<OptimizationPreference>SizeOptimizationPreference>
<PublishTrimmed>truePublishTrimmed>
<BlazorEnableTimeZoneSupport>falseBlazorEnableTimeZoneSupport>
<EventSourceSupport>falseEventSourceSupport>
<HttpActivityPropagationSupport>falseHttpActivityPropagationSupport>
<EnableUnsafeBinaryFormatterSerialization>falseEnableUnsafeBinaryFormatterSerialization>
<MetadataUpdaterSupport>falseMetadataUpdaterSupport>
<UseNativeHttpHandler>trueUseNativeHttpHandler>
<TrimMode>linkTrimMode>
PropertyGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<PackageReference Include="Yarp.ReverseProxy" Version="2.0.0" />
ItemGroup>
Project>
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官方文档:https://microsoft.github.io/reverse-proxy/articles/getting-started.html
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