新概念英语第二册（40）下
【Composition】
- She refused to answer any questions. She did not ask any questions. (not only…but…either)
- She was not interested in the theatre. She was not interested in travel. (neither…nor)
- She not only refused to answer question but she did not ask any question either.
=She not only refused to answer question but ask no question either. but…as well 可以加肯定也可以加否定 ； but…either 只能加否定as well, either 在此句中可省略
- She was interested in neither the theatre nor travel.
=She was interested neither in the theatre nor in travel.(更好, 介词短语的并列)
【Key structures】
第 2 类条件句（虚拟条件句）
第 1 类条件句，谈论将有可能发生的事情，并且考虑其将来的真实结果。主句用一般将来时，从句用
一般现在时或其他形式的现在时。
If you help me,I will be gratefull. 如果你帮我, 我会感激你 (正常语气) If it rains, I will not go. 正常语气(不一定会去)
第 2 类条件句，if 从句谈论想象的情况（假设与现在事实相反），主句则推测想象的结果。 从句使用一般过去时, 主句使用 would+动词原形。尽管第 2 类条件句使用过去时，却并非指过去的时间，所以，if 之后的过去时用法常被称为“非真实的过去”，整个条件句也被称作非真实条件句。
If you helped me,I would be grateful.
如果你帮了我, 我会感激你(可惜你没有帮我, 我不会感激你) If it rained,it would not be hot. 如果下雨, 就不会这么热
If you could make him change his mind, you would save him a lot of trouble.
假如你能使他改变主意, 你会使他免了许多麻烦.
如果 if 从句中的动词是 be, 那么应该在第一和第三人称单数名词之后用 were。If I were you 这种说法经常用于提出建议。
If I were you, I’d accept their offer.
If I were in your position, I would act differently.
假如我处于你的位置, 我会采取不同的作法.
第 2 类条件句有时也可代替第 1 类条件句来描述颇有可能发生的事情，但比第 1 类条件句较为“无把
握”。
If you went by train, you would get there earlier. If you go by train, you will get there earlier.
第 2 类条件句经常用来描写完全不可能的事情。
If I had longer legs, I’d be able to run faster.
【Special Difficulties】Make 的用法
及物动词 make 的原义为“制造”，但它经常用于一些固定的结构，最常见的为 make+（冠词）+名词形
式：
make progress（取得进步）；make the bed（铺床）；make conversation（找话题）；make a noise（吵闹）； make a promise（保证）；make trouble（捣蛋，制造麻烦）； make money（挣钱）； make a speech（演讲）； make a mistake（犯错误）；make up one's mind（下定决心，拿定主意）
Do 的用法
完全动词 do 也有一些固定短语：
do one's best（尽最大努力）；do one's homework（做作业）；do sb. a favour（帮忙）；do a job（干家务）； do work（做家务）；do exercise（做练习）；do business（做生意）
do 还可以与动名词连用：do some shopping（买东西，购物）；do swimming（游泳）；do some reading （读
书）
【Multiple choice questions】
- She asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold.‘___c___next to her,’she said.
a. Please to sit b. To sit c. Please sit d. Please sitting ask sb. to do sth. 祈使句, 以动词原形为标志
- I took my seat beside her. I___a___ beside her.
a. sat b. seated c. was sitted d. was seating
seat 一定要加宾语, 如果后面没宾语, 就用seat 的被动语态(及物动词) : seat yourself / be seated 是及物动
词，sit 是不及物动词, 没有被动语态, 后面不能加宾语，坐下：sit down
9 Her eyes were fixed on the plate. She ___b___it.
a. was glancing at b. was staring at c. was thinking about d. was stuck to stuck to 粘在……上面
glance at 扫了一眼)
I glanced at it but I didn't pick it up. stare at = fix one's eyes on 盯着看look at 从头来看
see 看见
watch vt. 观看(看活动的) watch TV / watch sb. doing
notice 强调的是眼睛的注意, 看一些别人不太注意的事情
glimpse of / have a glimpse of 瞥了一眼
catch sight of= see 看见
I can catch sight of the bird. be in sight 看见
read v. 阅读(看与文字有关的东西)
read loudly, read aloud 大声朗读, 汉语中的读
go through 浏览
12 Are you enjoying your dinner? Is it ___d___?
a. enjoying you b. amusing you
c. entertaining you d. giving you pleasure enjoy sth. 表示在后者当中得到了一种享受enjoy 主语是人 enjoy oneself
sth. amuse 好 笑
entertain sb. 娱乐
amuse,entertain 后面会加人
entertainment n. 款待, 娱乐, 娱乐表演