Hadoop 3.1.1 HDFS 集群部署
- 依赖服务
- 系统优化
- 查看 ZooKeeper 集群状态
- 创建路径
- 配置 /etc/profile
- 配置 $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh
- 配置 $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml
- 创建 DataNode 黑名单文件
- 配置 $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml
- 配置 $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/workers
- 分发配置
- 初始化 HDFS
-
- 1. 初始化之前需提前启动所有的 JN
- 2. 初始化 HDFS 命名空间,只需在 NN-Master 节点进行初始化
- 3. 创建并初始化 ZK 路径
- 启动 HDFS
-
- 1. NameNode-Master
- 2. NameNode-Backup
- 3. NameNode-Master
- 验证 HDFS 状态
- 常用操作
依赖服务
- JDK 1.8.0_133
- ZooKeeper 3.5.5:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42598916/article/details/135726572?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502
系统优化
hostname hadoop1
vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
getenforce
systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld && systemctl status firewalld
yum install chrony -y
vi /etc/chonry.conf
server hadoop1 iburst
systemctl enable chronyd --now
chronyc sources -v
210 Number of sources = 1
.-- Source mode '^' = server, '=' = peer, '#' = local clock.
/ .- Source state '*' = current synced, '+' = combined , '-' = not combined,
| / '?' = unreachable, 'x' = time may be in error, '~' = time too variable.
|| .- xxxx [ yyyy ] +/- zzzz
|| Reachability register (octal) -. | xxxx = adjusted offset,
|| Log2(Polling interval) --. | | yyyy = measured offset,
|| \ | | zzzz = estimated error.
|| | |
MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample
====================================================================================================================
^* hadoop1 4 6 377 12 -28us[ -45us] +/- 75ms
ssh-keygen -t rsa
cat id_rsa.pub >> hadoop1:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
cat id_rsa.pub >> hadoop2:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
cat id_rsa.pub >> hadoop3:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
cat /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDwuKw9LdfDO3Ln+ViNtQEqZtH/RvoFymKkexBXRUK/2XcczKHPv967KHH71L/5vPOQPUXZLZg3TPERlRTIW9MvCh0LmceGAiQHrxczx56RnYh8nESknd2jbHBToGwqgoB8xsB2IQuhze0CqvRs7A0nrbyBvnUpg/DvePTOSSgii4z9kishBCbrCPamQm20drXVDK3gQ9Q+/YJLKa3+mxzI67xfk/jby0A0DD9XKL7fflRgMK0GXEtYsJ04tKc5Bo+w6Zc8gHyryFrKD4wpeoPakqmrdzaTVYI1x5WvrAPrQplxAP8iNfBqRJSHvlDBXVeXgSxz2I4HBshsStkKp root@redis1
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDkspWeTwWoWyr6biMnefOYT4kh+7gPAboHAWe7p67IR9pfu+Rkk/vxLFDbi7X6Td9AhIXEZH6fY5BhihBzhRO/VtjE24QqnXdOLDHV1i0rSEYh6GOAbnVl/93lKidQF/2wvnQET31m1iwls3ul6aWw8/pOcxWy6kB+6MRiOExhu+0erE3jBFLcl+e0IJLKp/nLjCof/qWh3hLGVyhgMn/WmGhf7OyUbedXFqAwwS83/M60jSL1nB1lnIOoHrNSdnrN/GJVXmmwJjJAG4g4hbAg2zNind2rz6p4mq5k7iBbDUFghFwKKYsGeV0Onm7SKErFlHCJNFSOgfVNpaUYJ root@redis2
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC+DGKAYw3tbdmv2GDsz3HEOdoKk8JVCEvDFczap2g3DoaqwEBkRag2l9IQ3RZL/WtpKe0f2vZzcm5t3d7e6YhyfEXRn1fjOmynTcykB13xAVrlRfJ6Sayur0OiPzWBktpNj8qaTKjwH+lyHGBwa5duqKiVEglEH2mX5grcOa/mH2Mo+IWsCYeCldKjfdBy2drlAim1fYvJwvtg0uDe8sfDUdDonG4phNOVaWB2u79SxKlGnGewGNuOrifIzkbc0mH9kNgrlw/xdSIqaFA738Yn/4n/kSe3BgceJ0wBowLzorgW2ogyGOdQp6MzBRlg/hxn4EDLJisrC9mSCMOOl root@redis3
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCvWawSJqu4/Adnu6TjvV8rVDAqTU2CGNaSBOTDjcytHHOaY8UiwUMKvXUJugBmRkyhtWhQPHrVSmOH6+qMnHk5XQcWBmce8qCQqDoz49WwyZH95ciY/ynKR9dzAJwXN5fvJEoKxBhSJLk27SDsgRUX05IAjTN5Wx05GCNC36CRGHr6bwsC5iK+nv1ZllkRPyqoICJcvVVoJFDe+svNwLJS8bEpTUS/3C6w1RdfEgGVK0/NLnmANz6VIu5LAZqOpwFcB8Zed3wgnoHUfDCSXLEUQbcgRxDvba7lcvOqbiNh4Tr6WctSHw0UD9PSK6AXdS0jAAyjZ1J5kbWaI+vmZ root@hadoop1
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCwCqgQWDgw7sSqNer1oONzsFhoCWBmLqdWOQCcC7RYhD6kiVzdAEP7qZwWKRwoe/E++xP0+slgxsIsXGVoObGrlT3n+g/2xsgTCaBT/6sGV7k28UOozh76GlyfJjzavbwWE9Q2yR2mkb3/ILGE6CUNCkqqLuYEDTG4DxNupGhsGSYChAcjclzYFrMxDARiOJ8cahDjVlmGzFWxNhzJ36pFC1Rdyeu4CrtZ8tkuqQagGZqB63bVmvTiOM2fY8Wp8TNv0Zz2XmFmv7IUhpDXlPZdFCviwLYLLoJ9LTG32rO/jY0U78LFdDpsYdebthztNakKMZEhCqVIR+k1VMPtp root@hadoop2
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDHmj5qT64jSc3LCR2EBKB+12C1XxhFlc44X8zdf3mL8gbepG+ndMgBV4eombLg7QjZshCsjhk9d8esofAlrPk5tX/nWWHg3p5jYTh5/6V+iU7VDpWmMVN/87dsjBbmM9P6jTNiwqk4rdSXDKXkmrVygGHnEj95eP35Nq1JKg+GS7RjWWB0+loGQ4eYKO1nj2nYNOlNBi28CKh1uMWf42bDtcfKP3Z4gEOtPBD5rVPiU2Tq6jgtAs/VvaYGv5FHO4MB0lBE1ik8zp/4trfGU5hie/1PzCRAIvsqPEBSzeUs9nhHODj6vZYwgQupK9Qv5jEbQgh6pCGEfFZlfsC03 root@hadoop3
cat > /etc/profile << EOF
# Oracle JDK 1.8.0_333
export JAVA_HOME=/data/service/jdk/jdk1.8.0_333
export CLASSPATH=$:CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib/
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
EOF
source /etc/profile
java -version
java version "1.8.0_333"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_333-b02)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.333-b02, mixed mode)
cat > /etc/hosts << EOF
# redis-nodes
10.10.10.21 redis1
10.10.10.22 redis2
10.10.10.23 redis3
# hadoop-nodes
10.10.10.131 hadoop1
10.10.10.132 hadoop2
10.10.10.133 hadoop3
EOF
swapoff -a
vi /etc/fstab
echo "vm.swappiness = 0" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sysctl -p
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled && echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
echo "echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled" >> /etc/rc.local && echo "echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag" >> /etc/rc.local
vi /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf
* - nofile 655350
* - nproc 655350
查看 ZooKeeper 集群状态
$ZK_HOME/bin/zkCli.sh -server hadoop1:2181,hadoop2:2181,hadoop3:2181
[zk: hadoop1:2181,hadoop2:2181,hadoop3:2181(CONNECTED) 0] ls /
[admin, brokers, cluster, config, consumers, controller, controller_epoch, hadoop-ha, hbase, isr_change_notification, latest_producer_id_block, log_dir_event_notification, rmstore, spark, yarn-leader-election, zookeeper]
创建路径
mkdir -p /data/service/hadoop/{hadoop_logs,hadoop_pid,hadoop_tmp,hdfs_nn1,hdfs_nn2,hdfs_dn1,hdfs_dn2,hdfs_dn3}
配置 /etc/profile
- 每个节点都需配置如下环境变量
- 以便于后续启停及使用 HDFS 相关脚本和命令
export HADOOP_HOME=/data/service/hadoop/hadoop-3.1.1
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin:$HADOOP_HOME/lib
配置 $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh
export JAVA_HOME="/data/service/jdk/jdk1.8.0_333"
export HADOOP_HOME="/data/service/hadoop/hadoop-3.1.1"
export HADOOP_CONF_DIR="/data/service/hadoop/hadoop-3.1.1/etc/hadoop"
export HADOOP_LOG_DIR="/data/service/hadoop/hadoop_logs"
export HADOOP_PID_DIR="/data/service/hadoop/hadoop_pid"
export HDFS_NAMENODE_OPTS="-Xms1024m -Xmx1024m -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=80 -XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled"
export HDFS_DATANODE_OPTS="-Xms512m -Xmx512m -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=80 -XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled"
export HDFS_ZKFC_OPTS="-Xms512m -Xmx512m -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=80 -XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled"
export HDFS_JOURNALNODE_OPTS="-Xms512m -Xmx512m -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=80 -XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled"
export HDFS_NAMENODE_USER=root
export HDFS_DATANODE_USER=root
export HDFS_ZKFC_USER=root
export HDFS_JOURNALNODE_USER=root
配置 $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>fs.defaultFSname>
<value>hdfs://hdfsclustervalue>
<description>指定默认 HDFS 名称description>
property>
<property>
<name>hadoop.tmp.dirname>
<value>/data/service/hadoop/hadoop_tmpvalue>
<description>指定 HDFS 临时文件存放路径description>
property>
<property>
<name>hadoop.http.staticuser.username>
<value>rootvalue>
<description>指定 HDFS Web UI 操作 HDFS 的用户description>
property>
<property>
<name>ha.zookeeper.quorumname>
<value>hadoop1:2181,hadoop2:2181,hadoop3:2181value>
<description>指定 ZooKeeper 地址description>
property>
<property>
<name>fs.trash.intervalname>
<value>1440value>
<description>指定垃圾桶内数据保留时间。默认为 0,即关闭。单位为分钟description>
property>
configuration>
创建 DataNode 黑名单文件
touch $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-exclude.txt
配置 $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.name.dirname>
<value>
/data/service/hadoop/hdfs_nn1
/data/service/hadoop/hdfs_nn2
value>
<description>指定 NameNode 元数据存放路径description>
property>
<property>
<name>dfs.hosts.excludename>
<value>/data/service/hadoop/hadoop-3.1.1/etc/hadoop/hdfs-exclude.txtvalue>
<description>DataNode 黑名单文件路径description>
property>
<property>
<name>dfs.datanode.du.reservedname>
<value>1024value>
<description>指定每块磁盘的保留空间。单位为字节。默认为 0description>
property>
<property>
<name>dfs.data.dirname>
<value>
/data/service/hadoop/hdfs_dn1
/data/service/hadoop/hdfs_dn2
/data/service/hadoop/hdfs_dn3
value>
<description>指定 DataNode 数据存放路径description>
property>
<property>
<name>dfs.datanode.failed.volumes.toleratedname>
<value>1value>
<description>指定 DataNode 最多能够故障多少块磁盘description>
property>
<property>
<name>dfs.replicationname>
<value>2value>
<description>指定数据副本数。默认值为 3description>
property>
<property>
<name>dfs.nameservicesname>
<value>hdfsclustervalue>
<description>指定 HDFS 名字,需与 core-site.xml 中一致。后续配置也与此相同description>
property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.acls.enabledname>
<value>truevalue>
<description>开启 ACL 权限管理功能description>
property>
<property>
<name>dfs.disk.balancer.enabledname>
<value>truevalue>
<description>开启磁盘负载均衡功能description>
property>
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.namenodes.hdfsclustername>
<value>nn1,nn2,nn3value>
<description>指定 NameNode IDdescription>
property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.hdfscluster.nn1name>
<value>hadoop1:8020value>
<description>指定 nn1 的 RPC 地址description>
property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.hdfscluster.nn2name>
<value>hadoop2:8020value>
<description>指定 nn2 的 RPC 地址description>
property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.rpc-address.hdfscluster.nn3name>
<value>hadoop3:8020value>
<description>指定 nn3 的 RPC 地址description>
property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.http-address.hdfscluster.nn1name>
<value>hadoop1:9870value>
<description>指定 nn1 的访问地址description>
property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.http-address.hdfscluster.nn2name>
<value>hadoop2:9870value>
<description>指定 nn2 的访问地址description>
property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.http-address.hdfscluster.nn3name>
<value>hadoop3:9870value>
<description>指定 nn3 的访问地址description>
property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.shared.edits.dirname>
<value>qjournal://redis1:8485;redis2:8485;redis3:8485/hdfsclustervalue>
<description>指定 JournalNode 同步 NameNode 元数据的存放路径description>
property>
<property>
<name>dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.hdfsclustername>
<value>org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvidervalue>
<description>指定高可用方案,失败后自动切换的方式description>
property>
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.fencing.methodsname>
<value>shell(/bin/true)value>
<description>指定 ssh 方案description>
property>
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.private-key-filesname>
<value>/root/.ssh/id_rsavalue>
<description>指定 ssh key 路径description>
property>
<property>
<name>dfs.journalnode.edits.dirname>
<value>/data/service/hadoop/hdfs_jnvalue>
<description>指定 JournalNode 数据存放路径description>
property>
<property>
<name>dfs.ha.automatic-failover.enabledname>
<value>truevalue>
<description>开启自动故障转移。但开启后,手动故障转移将失效description>
property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.handler.countname>
<value>21value>
<description>NameNode 的服务器线程的数量。计算公式:20 * log2(集群节点数)description>
property>
<property>
<name>dfs.namenode.handler.countname>
<value>21value>
<description>NameNode 用于服务调用的服务器线程数量。计算公式:20 * log2(集群节点数)description>
property>
<property>
<name>dfs.datanode.handler.countname>
<value>21value>
<description>DataNode 服务器线程数。计算公式:python -c 'import math ; print int(math.log(N) * 20)'description>
property>
<property>
<name>dfs.datanode.max.transfer.threadsname>
<value>8192value>
<description>指定在 DataNode 内外传输数据使用的最大线程数。默认值为4096description>
property>
configuration>
配置 $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/workers
hadoop1
hadoop2
hadoop3
分发配置
- 将 /data/service/hadoop 分发至所有节点
初始化 HDFS
1. 初始化之前需提前启动所有的 JN
hdfs --daemon start journalnode
2. 初始化 HDFS 命名空间,只需在 NN-Master 节点进行初始化
hdfs namenode -format hadoop1
3. 创建并初始化 ZK 路径
hdfs zkfc -formatZK
启动 HDFS
1. NameNode-Master
hdfs --daemon start namenode
2. NameNode-Backup
hdfs namenode -bootstrapStandby
3. NameNode-Master
$HADOOP_HOME/sbin/start-dfs.sh
验证 HDFS 状态
- HDFS Web UI:10.10.10.131:9870
- HDFS Web UI:10.10.10.132:9870
- HDFS Web UI:10.10.10.133:9870
- 命令行查看
hdfs haadmin -getServiceState nn1
Active
hdfs haadmin -getServiceState nn2
Standby
hdfs haadmin -getServiceState nn3
Standby
hdfs dfsadmin -report
Configured Capacity: 454060661760 (422.88 GB)
Present Capacity: 422851436544 (393.81 GB)
DFS Remaining: 422851325952 (393.81 GB)
DFS Used: 110592 (108 KB)
DFS Used%: 0.00%
Replicated Blocks:
Under replicated blocks: 0
Blocks with corrupt replicas: 0
Missing blocks: 0
Missing blocks (with replication factor 1): 0
Pending deletion blocks: 0
Erasure Coded Block Groups:
Low redundancy block groups: 0
Block groups with corrupt internal blocks: 0
Missing block groups: 0
Pending deletion blocks: 0
-------------------------------------------------
Live datanodes (3):
Name: 10.10.10.131:9866 (hadoop1)
Hostname: hadoop1
Decommission Status : Normal
Configured Capacity: 151353553920 (140.96 GB)
DFS Used: 36864 (36 KB)
Non DFS Used: 10601001984 (9.87 GB)
DFS Remaining: 140752515072 (131.09 GB)
DFS Used%: 0.00%
DFS Remaining%: 93.00%
Configured Cache Capacity: 0 (0 B)
Cache Used: 0 (0 B)
Cache Remaining: 0 (0 B)
Cache Used%: 100.00%
Cache Remaining%: 0.00%
Xceivers: 1
Last contact: Wed Nov 16 14:05:29 CST 2022
Last Block Report: Wed Nov 16 10:26:13 CST 2022
Num of Blocks: 0
Name: 10.10.10.132:9866 (hadoop2)
Hostname: hadoop2
Decommission Status : Normal
Configured Capacity: 151353553920 (140.96 GB)
DFS Used: 36864 (36 KB)
Non DFS Used: 10296947712 (9.59 GB)
DFS Remaining: 141056569344 (131.37 GB)
DFS Used%: 0.00%
DFS Remaining%: 93.20%
Configured Cache Capacity: 0 (0 B)
Cache Used: 0 (0 B)
Cache Remaining: 0 (0 B)
Cache Used%: 100.00%
Cache Remaining%: 0.00%
Xceivers: 1
Last contact: Wed Nov 16 14:05:29 CST 2022
Last Block Report: Wed Nov 16 13:02:34 CST 2022
Num of Blocks: 0
Name: 10.10.10.133:9866 (hadoop3)
Hostname: hadoop3
Decommission Status : Normal
Configured Capacity: 151353553920 (140.96 GB)
DFS Used: 36864 (36 KB)
Non DFS Used: 10311275520 (9.60 GB)
DFS Remaining: 141042241536 (131.36 GB)
DFS Used%: 0.00%
DFS Remaining%: 93.19%
Configured Cache Capacity: 0 (0 B)
Cache Used: 0 (0 B)
Cache Remaining: 0 (0 B)
Cache Used%: 100.00%
Cache Remaining%: 0.00%
Xceivers: 1
Last contact: Wed Nov 16 14:05:29 CST 2022
Last Block Report: Wed Nov 16 10:53:26 CST 2022
Num of Blocks: 0
常用操作
hdfs getconf -confKey <config key>
echo 1 > test.log
hdfs dfs -mkdir hdfs://hdfscluster/test/
hdfs dfs -put hdfs://hdfscluster/test/test.log ./
hdfs dfs -get hdfs://hdfscluster/test/test.log ./
hdfs dfs -rm hdfs://hdfscluster/test/test.log
hdfs dfs -rm –skipTrash hdfs://hdfscluster/test/test.log