胖树和clos networks

胖树


缺点:现在数据中心统一使用有相同ports数的交换机,所以这种传统胖树拓扑结构不再适用

Clos Network(胖树的变形)


Two-level fat-tree(更准确来说应该是clos network) network. The network is built with 36-port switches on both levels. A total of 60 nodes are currently connected.

How many nodes(servers) could you have in a network?

Pe:edge switch的port数

Pc:core switch的port数

则最大的二层fat_tree网络可以链接的最大数目的servers的数量是:Nmax=Pe/2 * Pc

证明:

问题建模为:


由于现在所用的switches的ports数不管是core还是edge都是相同的(用P表示),则推广到L layers的网络可以连接的最多servers数量Nmax=2*(P/2)^L

Non-blocking Network

上述结构的特点是,没有阻塞(non-blocking),因为“the number of uplinks and downlinks are in proportion of 1:1,You can arbitrarily divide nodes into pairs, and if all pairs start communicating, still every pair of nodes will be able to communicate at full link bandwidth。

Blocking Network

当交换机的downlink ports与uplink ports的数量不是1:1时就是一个blocking network。假如一个交换机的blocking factor为BL,意味着该交换机的downlink ports数:uplink ports数=BL:1,即有Pe*BL/(BL+1)个端口用于downlink,其余1-Pe*BL/(BL+1)个端口用于uplink;例如,For 36-port switches with blocking factor 2, this means 24 ports going down and 12 ports going up。

优点:节省成本(cost),因为使用了较少的core-level switches;可以容纳更多的hosts(servers)--即容纳的servers数目是non-blocking network的2*BL/(BL+1)倍(不过最多超不过2倍)

缺点:性能会随着BL的增大快速下降(packets时延增大)

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