华为二层交换机与防火墙配置上网示例

二层交换机与防火墙对接上网配置示例

组网图形

图1 二层交换机与防火墙对接上网组网图

• 二层交换机简介
• 配置注意事项
• 组网需求
• 配置思路
• 操作步骤
• 配置文件
• 相关信息

二层交换机简介

二层交换机指的是仅能够进行二层转发，不能进行三层转发的交换机。也就是说仅支持二层特性，不支持路由等三层特性的交换机。

二层交换机一般部署在接入层，不能作为用户的网关。

配置注意事项

本举例中的交换机配置适用于S系列交换机所有产品的所有版本。

本举例中的防火墙配置以USG6650 V500R001C60为例，其他防火墙的配置方法请参见对应的文档指南。

组网需求

如图1所示，某公司拥有多个部门且位于不同网段，各部门均有访问Internet的需求。现要求用户通过二层交换机和防火墙访问外部网络，且要求防火墙作为用户的网关。

配置思路

采用如下思路进行配置：

1. 配置交换机基于接口划分VLAN，实现二层转发。

2. 配置防火墙作为用户的网关，通过子接口或VLANIF接口实现跨网段的三层转发。

3. 配置防火墙作为DHCP服务器，为用户PC分配IP地址。

4. 开启防火墙域间安全策略，使不同域的报文可以相互转发。

5. 配置防火墙PAT功能，使内网用户可以访问外部网络。

操作步骤

1. 配置交换机

   # 配置下行连接用户的接口。

    system-view
   [HUAWEI] sysname Switch
   [Switch] vlan batch 2 3
   [Switch] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/2
   [Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port link-type access   //配置接口接入类型为access
   [Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] port default vlan 2   //配置接口加入VLAN 2
   [Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/2] quit
   [Switch] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/3
   [Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] port link-type access
   [Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] port default vlan 3   
   [Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/3] quit

   # 配置上行连接防火墙的接口。

   [Switch] interface gigabitethernet 0/0/1
   [Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port link-type trunk
   [Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 3   //配置接口以trunk方式透传VLAN 2和VLAN 3
   [Switch-GigabitEthernet0/0/1] quit

2. 配置防火墙

   防火墙的配置有两种方式，配置子接口或者配置VLANIF接口，两种方式选择其一即可。

   • 配置防火墙通过子接口终结VLAN，实现跨网段的三层转发。

     # 配置终结子接口。

      system-view
     [USG6600] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1.1
     [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.1] vlan-type dot1q 2   
     [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.1] ip address 192.168.1.1 24   
     [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.1] quit
     [USG6600] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1.2
     [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.2] vlan-type dot1q 3   
     [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.2] ip address 192.168.2.1 24   
     [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.2] quit

     # 配置DHCP功能，为内网用户分配IP地址并指定DNS服务器地址。

     [USG6600] dhcp enable
     [USG6600] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1.1
     [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.1] dhcp select interface   //开启接口采用接口地址池的DHCP Server功能
     [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.1] dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5   //配置的DNS-List 114.114.114.114是公用的DNS服务器地址，是不区分运营商的。在实际应用中，请根据运营商分配的DNS进行配置
     [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.1] quit
     [USG6600] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1.2
     [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.2] dhcp select interface   
     [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.2] dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5   
     [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1.2] quit

     # 配置公网接口的IP地址和静态路由。

     [USG6600] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2
     [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] ip address 203.0.113.2 255.255.255.0   //配置连接公网的接口GE0/0/2的IP地址203.0.113.2
     [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit
     [USG6600] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 203.0.113.1   //配置静态缺省路由的下一跳指向公网提供的IP地址203.0.113.1

     # 配置安全区域。

     [USG6600] firewall zone trust   //配置trust域
     [USG6600-zone-trust] add interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1
     [USG6600-zone-trust] add interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1.1
     [USG6600-zone-trust] add interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1.2
     [USG6600-zone-trust] quit
     [USG6600] firewall zone untrust   //配置untrust域
     [USG6600-zone-untrust] add interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2
     [USG6600-zone-untrust] quit

     # 配置安全策略，允许域间互访。

     [USG6600] security-policy
     [USG6600-policy-security] rule name policy1
     [USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] source-zone trust
     [USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] destination-zone untrust
     [USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] source-address 192.168.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0
     [USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] action permit
     [USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] quit
     [USG6600-policy-security] quit

     # 配置PAT地址池，开启允许端口地址转换。

     [USG6600] nat address-group addressgroup1    
     [USG6600-address-group-addressgroup1] mode pat
     [USG6600-address-group-addressgroup1] route enable
     [USG6600-address-group-addressgroup1] section 0 203.0.113.2 203.0.113.2    //转换的公网IP地址
     [USG6600-address-group-addressgroup1] quit

     # 配置源PAT策略，实现私网指定网段访问公网时自动进行源地址转换。

     [USG6600] nat-policy    
     [USG6600-policy-nat] rule name policy_nat1
     [USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] source-zone trust
     [USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] destination-zone untrust
     [USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] source-address 192.168.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0   //允许进行PAT转换的源IP地址
     [USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] action nat address-group addressgroup1
     [USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] quit
     [USG6600-policy-nat] quit
     [USG6600] quit

   • 配置防火墙通过配置VLANIF接口，实现跨网段的三层转发。

     # 配置VLANIF接口。

      system-view
     [USG6600] vlan batch 2 3
     [USG6600] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1
     [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] portswitch   //将以太网接口从三层模式切换到二层模式。如果接口已经是二层模式，跳过该步骤
     [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port link-type hybrid
     [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] port hybrid tagged vlan 2 to 3
     [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit
     [USG6600] interface vlanif 2
     [USG6600-Vlanif2] ip address 192.168.1.1 24   //配置VLANIF2的IP地址作为PC1的网关
     [USG6600-Vlanif2] quit
     [USG6600] interface vlanif 3
     [USG6600-Vlanif3] ip address 192.168.2.1 24   //配置VLANIF3的IP地址作为PC2的网关
     [USG6600-Vlanif3] quit

     # 配置DHCP功能。

     [USG6600] dhcp enable
     [USG6600] interface vlanif 2
     [USG6600-Vlanif2] dhcp select interface
     [USG6600-Vlanif2] dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5   //配置的DNS-List 114.114.114.114是公用的DNS服务器地址，是不区分运营商的。在实际应用中，请根据运营商分配的DNS进行配置
     [USG6600-Vlanif2] quit
     [USG6600] interface vlanif 3
     [USG6600-Vlanif3] dhcp select interface
     [USG6600-Vlanif3] dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5
     [USG6600-Vlanif3] quit

     # 配置公网接口的IP地址和静态路由。

     [USG6600] interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2
     [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] ip address 203.0.113.2 255.255.255.0
     [USG6600-GigabitEthernet1/0/2] quit
     [USG6600] ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 203.0.113.1   //配置静态缺省路由的下一跳指向公网提供的IP地址203.0.113.1

     # 配置安全区域。

     [USG6600] firewall zone trust
     [USG6600-zone-trust] add interface gigabitethernet 1/0/1
     [USG6600-zone-trust] add interface vlanif 2
     [USG6600-zone-trust] add interface vlanif 3
     [USG6600-zone-trust] quit
     [USG6600] firewall zone untrust
     [USG6600-zone-untrust] add interface gigabitethernet 1/0/2
     [USG6600-zone-untrust] quit

     # 配置安全策略，允许域间互访。

     [USG6600] security-policy
     [USG6600-policy-security] rule name policy1
     [USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] source-zone trust
     [USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] destination-zone untrust
     [USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] source-address 192.168.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0
     [USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] action permit
     [USG6600-policy-security-rule-policy1] quit
     [USG6600-policy-security] quit

     # 配置PAT地址池，开启允许端口地址转换。

     [USG6600] nat address-group addressgroup1    
     [USG6600-address-group-addressgroup1] mode pat
     [USG6600-address-group-addressgroup1] route enable
     [USG6600-address-group-addressgroup1] section 0 203.0.113.2 203.0.113.2    //转换的公网IP地址
     [USG6600-address-group-addressgroup1] quit

     # 配置源PAT策略，实现私网指定网段访问公网时自动进行源地址转换。

     [USG6600] nat-policy    
     [USG6600-policy-nat] rule name policy_nat1
     [USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] source-zone trust
     [USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] destination-zone untrust
     [USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] source-address 192.168.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0   //允许进行PAT转换的源IP地址
     [USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] action nat address-group addressgroup1
     [USG6600-policy-nat-rule-policy_nat1] quit
     [USG6600-policy-nat] quit
     [USG6600] quit

3. 检查配置结果

   配置PC1的IP地址为192.168.1.2/24，网关为192.168.1.1；PC2的IP地址为192.168.2.2/24，网关为192.168.2.1。

   配置外网PC的IP地址为203.0.113.1/24，网关为203.0.113.2。

   配置完成后，PC1和PC2都可以Ping通外网的IP 203.0.113.1/24，PC1和PC2都可以访问Internet。

配置文件

• Switch的配置文件

  #
  sysname Switch
  #
  vlan batch 2 to 3
  #
  interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1
   port link-type trunk
   port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 to 3
  #
  interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2
   port link-type access
   port default vlan 2
  #
  interface GigabitEthernet0/0/3
   port link-type access
   port default vlan 3
  #
  return
  

• USG的配置文件（防火墙通过子接口进行三层转发的配置文件）

  #
  interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
  #
  interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1.1
   vlan-type dot1q 2 
   ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
   dhcp select interface
   dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5
   #
  interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1.2
   vlan-type dot1q 3
   ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
   dhcp select interface
   dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5
  #
  interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
   ip address 203.0.113.2 255.255.255.0
  #
  firewall zone trust
   set priority 85
   add interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
   add interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1.1
   add interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1.2
  #
  firewall zone untrust
   set priority 5
   add interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
  #
   ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 203.0.113.1
  #
  nat address-group addressgroup1 0 
   mode pat                                                                         route enable                                                                     section 0 203.0.113.2 203.0.113.2    
  #
  security-policy                                                                 
   rule name policy1                                                              
    source-zone trust                                                             
    destination-zone untrust                                                      
    source-address 192.168.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0                                   
    action permit   
  #
  nat-policy                                                                      
   rule name policy_nat1                                                          
    source-zone trust                                                             
    destination-zone untrust                                                      
    source-address 192.168.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0                                   
    action nat address-group addressgroup1                                 
  #  
  return
  

• USG的配置文件（防火墙通过VLANIF接口进行三层转发的配置文件）

  #
   vlan batch 2 to 3
  #
  interface Vlanif2
   ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0                                           
   dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5 
  #
  interface Vlanif3
   ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0                                           
   dhcp select interface                                                          
   dhcp server dns-list 114.114.114.114 223.5.5.5
  #
  interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
   portswitch
   port hybrid tagged vlan 2 to 3
  #
  interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
   ip address 203.0.113.2 255.255.255.0
  #
  firewall zone trust
   set priority 85
   add interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
   add interface Vlanif2
   add interface Vlanif3
  #
  firewall zone untrust
   set priority 5
   add interface GigabitEthernet1/0/2
  #
   ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 203.0.113.1
  #
  nat address-group addressgroup1 0 
   mode pat                                                                       
   route enable                                                                   
   section 0 203.0.113.2 203.0.113.2    
  #
  security-policy                                                                 
   rule name policy1                                                              
    source-zone trust                                                             
    destination-zone untrust                                                      
    source-address 192.168.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0                                   
    action permit   
  #
  nat-policy                                                                      
   rule name policy_nat1                                                          
    source-zone trust                                                             
    destination-zone untrust                                                      
    source-address 192.168.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0                                   
    action nat address-group addressgroup1                                 
  # 
  return