VMware虚拟机的Ubuntu18.04创建ftp服务器

一、配置网络环境

1、关闭虚拟机中Ubuntu18.04系统，联网方式设定为“桥接模式”

2、在虚拟机菜单中点击编辑，在点击虚拟网络编辑器，点击更改配置，可能会弹出说会更改你的设备，选择是，最后选择无线网卡模式，最后点击确定

3、最后在启动虚拟机

二、安装ftp服务器

1、安装vsftpd

sudo apt-get purge vsftpd //卸载应用，没安装不用执行
sudo apt-get install vsftpd //重新安装
vsftpd -version //查询版本
sudo adduser userftp //创建用户，执行这步操作后面两步不用执行，userftp是用户名
sudo mkdir /home/userftp //创建用户目录
sudo useradd -d /home/userftp -s /bin/bash userftp //创建用户
sudo passwd userftp //修改密码

2、配置文件

sudo gedit /etc/vsftpd.conf //修改配置文件 gedit可改为vim或vi看个人习惯

vsftpd.conf

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone?  vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
anonymous_enable=YES //允许匿名访问
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
#write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
anon_umask=022 //本地用户上传文件权限
local_umask=022 //匿名用户上传文件权限
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
anon_upload_enable=YES //允许匿名用户上传文件
anon_other_write_enable=YES //控制匿名用户对文件和文件夹的删除和重命名
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES //允许匿名用户创建目录
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in  your  local  time  zone.  The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. //ftp工具连接成功提示
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories.  See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
chroot_local_user=YES //所有用户均不能切换到上级目录
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
chroot_list_enable=NO //禁用限制用户的名单
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# Customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
# default.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
ssl_enable=NO

#
# Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
utf8_filesystem=YES
userlist_deny=NO
userlist_enable=NO // /etc/vsftpd/user_list文件不生效
userlist_file=/etc/allowed_users
seccomp_sandbox=NO
local_root=/home/userftp/ //设置本地用户登录所在地目录
local_enable=YES //允许本地用户，如root用户登录
write_enable=YES //允许写入操作，否则不能上传文件
anon_root=/usr/local/ftpdir //匿名用户的根目录
no_anon_password=YES //匿名用户免密
ftp_username=ftpuser //匿名登录的使用者

三、启动ftp服务器（启动不了把防火墙关了或者设为允许）

sudo /etc/init.d/vsftpd start //启动
sudo /etc/init.d/vsftpd stop //停止
sudo /etc/init.d/vsftpd restart //重启
sudo systemctl restart vsftpd //也可使用这个重启命令

获取IP地址

sudo apt-get update //更新
sudo apt install net-tools //下载这个才可以使用ifconfig
ifconfig

四、多种连接方式

1、下载ftp工具测试连接：

sudo apt-get install ftp //下载
ftp localhost //或将localhost换成自己的IP地址，然后输入用户名密码
ftp> lcd /home/userftp //到客户端要上传的文件所在目录
ftp> put test.c //上传文件到服务器当前目录
ftp> get vsftpd.conf //从服务器上下载文件

2、Windows系统cmd连接：ftp 自己ip地址
3、客户端工具filezilla、xtfp7（这两种可以直接拖拽文件很方便）、xshell7（没有界面显示）连接：ftp://IP地址

4、浏览器访问链接（谷歌、火狐、Edge），要强调一点是现在这三大浏览器都不支持ftp（据说是因为不安全），但终于找到方法，也可以使用浏览器访问了
①谷歌浏览器
地址栏输入 chrome://flags/
在搜索框中输入ftp，将Default改为Enabled，重启浏览器

输入ftp://ip地址

②火狐浏览器
地址栏输入 about:config
在搜索框中输入ftp，找到network.ftp.enabled，将false改为true，重启浏览器

③Edge浏览器
地址栏输入 edge://flags
在搜索框中输入ftp，将Default改为Enabled，重启浏览器

防坑小技巧

1、不能上传文件问题
首先要保证匿名用户登录根目录为775权限，例如：anon_root=/usr/local/ftpdir //匿名用户的根目录
在/usr/local/ftpdir创建目录files，权限给777，客户端就可以在/usr/local/ftpdir/files上传文件进来了

cd /usr/local/
mkdir ftpdir //创建匿名用户根目录
sudo chmod 775 ftpdir
mkdir files //创建目录
sudo chmod 777 files

2、不需要输入用户名、密码就能访问ftp服务器
匿名用户的根目录不可以是Ubuntu已有账号的家目录
anon_root=/usr/local/ftpdir

附

所需文件的下载链接
Ubuntu18.04.5桌面版：http://releases.ubuntu.com/18.04/ubuntu-18.04.5-desktop-amd64.iso
VMware16.1.1：https://download3.vmware.com/software/wkst/file/VMware-workstation-full-16.1.1-17801498.exe
xftp、xshell官网：https://www.netsarang.com/zh/all-downloads/
filezilla官网：https://filezilla-project.org/