力扣白嫖日记(sql)

前言

练习sql语句，所有题目来自于力扣（https://leetcode.cn/problemset/database/）的免费数据库练习题。

今日题目：

1179.重新格式化部门表
表：Department

列名	类型
id	int
revenue	int
month	varchar

在 SQL 中，(id, month) 是表的联合主键。这个表格有关于每个部门每月收入的信息。月份（month）可以取下列值 [“Jan”,“Feb”,“Mar”,“Apr”,“May”,“Jun”,“Jul”,“Aug”,“Sep”,“Oct”,“Nov”,“Dec”]。

重新格式化表格，使得 每个月 都有一个部门 id 列和一个收入列。

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我那不值一提的想法：

首先分析表内容，题目只给了一张部门表，记录了每个部门的id，以及每个月的收入。说实话，看到这道题的时候，我觉得肯定需要用到group by,然后写着写着，始终想不出来怎么把这么多月转换成列名，而且表中也没有其他月的数据啊，心想该不会是一个一个月的写吧，我说不至于吧，这么复杂而又简单吗，心里面想肯定有简单的方法，然后最后还是想不出来，看了下题解，好好好，是我想太多，真的是一个一个写出来的。

select id,
case when month = "Jan" then revenue end as Jan_Revenue,
case when month = "Feb" then revenue end as Feb_Revenue,
case when month = "Mar" then revenue end as Mar_Revenue,
case when month = "Apr" then revenue end as Apr_Revenue,
case when month = "May" then revenue end as May_Revenue,
case when month = "Jun" then revenue end as Jun_Revenue,
case when month = "Jul" then revenue end as Jul_Revenue,
case when month = "Aug" then revenue end as Aug_Revenue,
case when month = "Sep" then revenue end as Sep_Revenue,
case when month = "Oct" then revenue end as Oct_Revenue,
case when month = "Nov" then revenue end as Nov_Revenue,
case when month = "Dec" then revenue end as Dec_Revenue
from Department
group by id

上述代码运行有误，我看了下题解，发现还需要加sum，这是因为case when 只会匹配数据集中的一个值，但是有的id在很多个月都会有数据，这里它就不知道该取哪个值，sum的作用就是遍历所有月份，将满足条件的月份放入结果当中。

select id,
sum(case when month = "Jan" then revenue end) as Jan_Revenue,
sum(case when month = "Feb" then revenue end) as Feb_Revenue,
sum(case when month = "Mar" then revenue end) as Mar_Revenue,
sum(case when month = "Apr" then revenue end)as Apr_Revenue,
sum(case when month = "May" then revenue end) as May_Revenue,
sum(case when month = "Jun" then revenue end) as Jun_Revenue,
sum(case when month = "Jul" then revenue end) as Jul_Revenue,
sum(case when month = "Aug" then revenue end) as Aug_Revenue,
sum(case when month = "Sep" then revenue end) as Sep_Revenue,
sum(case when month = "Oct" then revenue end) as Oct_Revenue,
sum(case when month = "Nov" then revenue end) as Nov_Revenue,
sum(case when month = "Dec" then revenue end) as Dec_Revenue
from Department
group by id

一般来说，遇到这种需要构造新列的题，要么用IF，要么就用Case When。这道题用if也能写，注意也要加sum，这里就不写了，写法几乎一样。

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结果：

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总结：

能运行就行。

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